五年高考2024-2025高考英語真題分項詳解專題01閱讀理解之說明文含解析

專題01閱讀理解之說明文

【2024年】

1.（2024?新課標(biāo)I）B

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeel1ikedi'inkswithanold

friend.There*sawe1comefami1iarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthat

timehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon'tchange,people

do.Andthat*swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.

Thebeautyofrereading1iesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbased

onourpresentmentalregister.It'sti'ue,theolderTget,themoreIfeeltime

haswings.Butwithreading,it'sal1aboutthepresent.Tt'saboutthenowand

whatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthor

andreader.Eachhastopul1theirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingevery

springisErnestHemningway,sMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassic

memoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating（令人沉醉的），anaging

writerlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard's

HolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramb1e（隨筆）abouteverythingandnothing.Thethird

bookisJulioCortazar,sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.Andbecause

Cortazar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,which

mightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButTimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeed

wonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareader

canpaythem.Thebestbocksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.But

remember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstand

yourfriends.

24.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.It'sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas?

A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.

B.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.

C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.

D.It'saboutHemingwayJsfriendsinParis.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"currency"inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt

B.Reward.

CAllowancc.

D.Facevalue.

27.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.He1ovespoetry.

B.He'saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.

D.Heteachesreading.

【答案】24.D25.E26.B27.A

【解析】這是一篇說明文,短文介紹了重新閱讀的意義和好處并向讀者介紹了作者每年

重讀的三本竹。作者激勵讀者去重新閱讀竹籍。

24.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段最終兩句"Butbooksdon'tchange,peopledo.And

that,swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.（但是書沒變，

人變了。那就是使重新閱讀行為如此豐富和富于變更之處）”和其次段“Thebeautyof

rereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.It

istrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.（重新閱讀的奇妙之處在于

我們與作品的聯(lián)系是基于我們現(xiàn)在的心理狀態(tài)。真的，我年紀(jì)越大，就越覺得時間飛逝。）”

可推知，作者喜愛重新閱讀是因為重新閱讀可以擴展對自己的理解。故選D項。

25.推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段"Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof

1920sParis."及"anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”

可知，這本書出版于1964年，這是他關(guān)于20世紀(jì)20年頭在巴黎的經(jīng)典回憶錄，是他老年

時對那些野心勃勃卻更簡潔的Fl子的回顧。由此可推斷出AMovableFeast是關(guān)于海明威年

輕時的生活。故選B項。

26.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)最終一段中"whilemoneyisindeedwonderfuland

necessary,（雖然金錢的確是奇妙而必耍的）”可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，依據(jù)上下文的語境

可推知"rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.M

意為“但是但羽新閱讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高回報”，由此推斷出劃線詞的意思是

“回報”.故選B項。

27.推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortdzar,sSave

Twilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.（第三本書是胡里奧?科塔扎的《挽救暮光之

城：詩歌精選》，因為詩歌）”可知，作者是由于喜愛詩歌而喜愛這本書。故選A項。

2.（2024?新課標(biāo)I）C

Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,while

mostlikelycontributingtcfewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.

Racewalkersarcconditionedathletes.Thelongesttrackandfieldeventatthe

SummerOlympicsisthe50-kLlomctcrracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthan

themarathon.Butthesport*srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstay

straightthroughmostofthelogswingandonefootremainincontact（接觸）with

thegroundatalltimes.Il'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchan

attractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorof

exercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomost

calculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout

800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywould

burnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000

ormorecaloriesperhour.

However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norberg

says.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundvithasmuchasfourtimes

theirbodyweightperstep,whi1eracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,create

onlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchas

runner'sknee,areuncommcnamongracewalkers.ButthesportJsstrangeformdoes

placeconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuch

injuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishing

totryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracerto

learnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.

28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?

A.Theymustrunlongdistances.

B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.

C.Theyhavetofollouspecialrules.

D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?

A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.

B.It'slesschallengingphysically.

C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.

D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.

30.WhatisDr.Norberg,ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?

A.GettingexpertsJopinions.

B.Havingamedicalcheckup.

C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.

D.Doingregularexercises.

31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor,sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.

C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

【答案】28.C29.C30.A31.B

【解析】這是一篇說明文，短文介紹了競走相比跑步有諸多的優(yōu)勢，但是之前受過傷的

人，要想從事這樣運動要逆慎，最好詢問S家的建議。

28.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Buithesport*srulesrequirethatarace

walker*skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelogswingandonefootremainin

contactwiththegroundatal1times.M可知，但這項運動的規(guī)則要求競走者的膝蓋在

搖擺腿的大部分時間保持伸直，一只腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競走運動員是須要具備

某些條件的運動員是因為運動員須要遵守特別的規(guī)則。故選C項。

29.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuries

associatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncoiunonamongracewalkers.M

可知，一些與跑步有關(guān)的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競走者中并不常見。由此可知，競走

與跑步相比的優(yōu)勢是不太可能導(dǎo)致膝蓋受傷。故選D項。

30.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段Dr.Norberg說的話“Infact,anyonewishingto

tryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearn

propertechnique（事實上，任何想嘗試競走的人都應(yīng)當(dāng)首先詢問教練或有閱歷的競走運動

員，學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募记?。）”可知，Dr.Norberg建議想嘗試競走的人征詢專家的建議。故選A

項。

31.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswith

running,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,

however,haveitsownproblem.M可知，探討表明，競走和跑步一樣有很多健身好處，而

且它還很少導(dǎo)致受傷。不過，它也有自己的問題由此推斷出作者對于競走的看法是客觀的。

故選B項。

3.（2024?新課標(biāo)I）D

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeer,thesubjectofscientific

research.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.Astudyconductedin

Youngstown,Ohio*forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperienced

lesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheir

workplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTccnnology（MIT）havetakenit

astepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemto

performdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensors

printedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey*reshortofwaterandaplantthatcan

detectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We*rethinkingabouthowwccanengineer

plantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatwcuseeveryday,"explainedMichael

Strano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusing

somecommonvegetables.Strano*steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlight

forthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneeded

toreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedto

lighttheroomsoreventcturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversioncfthetechnologythatcan

besprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant*s

lifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonendoff"switch"wherethe

glowwou1dfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforaoout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Since

lightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（電源）-suchasthedistancefrom

apowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduring

transmission（傳輸）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?

A.Todetectplants*lackofwater

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

34.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

35.Whichofthefollewingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Ilowdowc1ivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C

【解析】這是一篇說明文,文章主要說明白綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)

院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們獨創(chuàng)這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一

些優(yōu)勢，指出在將來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節(jié)約能源的作用。

32.主旨大意題°依據(jù)第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,for

example,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,

employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecorated

withhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚斯敦進行的一項探討發(fā)覺，城市綠化較好的地

區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項探討中，當(dāng)員工的工作場所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率會

提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是關(guān)于綠色植物的好處。故選D。

33.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprinted

ontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful

chemicalsingroundwater.可知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的狀況的植

物，還有一種植物可以檢測到地下水中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學(xué)院工程師植

物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測植物缺水的狀況。故選Ao

34.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceand

thereforehelpsaveenergy.可知發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。由

此可知，這種發(fā)光的植物在將來可能有助于削減能源消耗。故選C。

35.主旨大意題。依據(jù)最終一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotal

electricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepower

source-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-a

lotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistance

andthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明約占美國總耗電量的7%。由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電

源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻4路上路燈的距離，在傳輸過程中會損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可

以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說明白綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此

麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們獨創(chuàng)這種植物的過程，以及這

種植物的一些優(yōu)勢指出在將來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節(jié)約能源的作用。由此可知，

C選項”發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。

4.（2024?新課標(biāo)II）B

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,

butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoung

childrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween

ages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobea

significantpredictorofcognition（認(rèn)知）aftercontrollingfordifferencesin

parents'income,educaticnandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduring

everydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and

46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,

ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate（旋轉(zhuǎn)）andtranslateshapes,“Levine

saidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,

andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-income

parentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboys

andgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystended

toplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmore

spatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

24.Inwhichaspectdechildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

A.ParentsJage.B.Children'simagination.

C.Parents,education.D.Child-parentrelationship.

26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.

D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

27.Whatisthetextirainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.

C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.

【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.B

【解析】本文是說明文?是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力嬉戲的探討，介紹了探討考慮的因素，探

討過程和結(jié)果。

24.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween

ages2and4developbetterspatialskill（在2歲到4歲之間玩智力嬉戲的兒童在空間

實力方面更好）可知孩子們可以從智力嬉戲中發(fā)展更好的空間技能B.Developingspatial

skills（發(fā)展空間實力）符合以上說法，故選B項。

25.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificant

predictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents*income,

educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.（Levine說，在限制了不同父

母的收入、教化和父母談話次數(shù)后，拼圖嬉戲被發(fā)覺是一個重要的認(rèn)知預(yù)料）可知Levine

在設(shè)計這個試驗時考慮了父母的收入、教化程度和父母談話的次數(shù)。C.Parents,

education.（父母的教化）符合以上說法，故選C項。

26.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmore

complexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜愛玩困難的謎題，即他們可能會玩難度

更大的謎題。D.Theyarc1ikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.（他們有可能玩更困難

的謎題）符合以上說法，故選D項。

27.主旨大意題。本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力嬉戲的探討，介紹了探討考慮的因素，探討

過程和結(jié)果。所以是關(guān)于科學(xué)探討的。B.Ascientificstudy（一項科學(xué)探討）符合以上說

法，故選B項。

5.（2024?新課標(biāo)H）C

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyour

holidaylist,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion

（時裝）enthusiastsarctryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria（海

貍鼠）.

UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmade

intoclothesindifferentstyles."Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-free

fur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear",

saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5

atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlast

month.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.

"Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It's

destroyingtheenvironment.sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertin

thisfield.

Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutria

collapsedinthelate198Cs,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.

BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesays

it'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtabout

it.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMoutonJs

jobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.

ThentherersRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays>“Togive

peopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpainton

thcm-1thinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.*,

DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletoconicaroundtotheopinion

thatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocome

upwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.

28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNevOrleansandBrooklyn?

A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.

B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.

C.Tointroduceanewbrand.

D.Tocelebrateawinterhoiiday.

29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?

A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.

B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.

C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.

D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.

Crashed.

31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?

A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful.D.It's

traditional.

【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B

【解析】本文是說明文。介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀。展出

海狎鼠制成的皮衣。海貍鼠們每年都在破壞大片的濕地，因此設(shè)計師稱這是一種環(huán)保的舉

措，科學(xué)家們也對海狎鼠損壞生態(tài)平衡表示了擔(dān)憂。

28.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave

showcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles."Ilsoundscrazyto

talkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvast

wetlandseveryyear,MsaysCreoMcCrcc,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，

美國新奧爾良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀時裝秀上展出海貍鼠皮制成的不同風(fēng)格

的衣服，項目總監(jiān)CrccMcCroe說：“除非了解海貍鼠正每年破壞大片濕地，否則談?wù)摕o罪

感皮衣是很瘋狂的事情”，可以推斷出由于海獨鼠對生態(tài)造成了巨人的破壞，這場海貍鼠皮

衣時裝秀銷售的是無罪惡感皮衣。故選A。

29.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthatthey

decidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科學(xué)家們?nèi)绱藫?dān)憂以至于他們確定依據(jù)一條海

貍鼠尾巴付給獵人們5美元，可以推斷出科學(xué)家們擔(dān)憂海貍鼠門嚴(yán)峻破壞生態(tài)平衡，。故選

Ao

30.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,but

whenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimals

multipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠受到了幾十年的限制,但是當(dāng)海貍鼠市

場在20世紀(jì)80年頭末崩潰時，這種貓大小的動物數(shù)量瘋長依據(jù)bul推斷這是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，

以前由于皮毛交易，海貍鼠處于限制，現(xiàn)在這種海貍鼠之所以能夠數(shù)量激增，是由于市場不

再銷售海貍鼠皮毛導(dǎo)致的，可以推斷出劃線詞collapsed是和D.crashed倒閉的意思最相

近。故選D。

31.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeoplea

guilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithink

that'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，為了給人們一

種無罪的選擇，人們可以穿皮衣而不被人們潑油漆，我認(rèn)為在紐約將是一件巨大的事情，依

據(jù)模恃摩根所說得知，在紐約穿皮質(zhì)衣服是有風(fēng)險的。故選

6.（2024?新課標(biāo)IH）D

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillions

ofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefinding

examplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopian

highlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEast

AfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突變）thathelpsthemdigestmilk

asadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreporteda

newkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupof

sca-dwcllingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,

asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,Malaysia

andthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,

they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimply

astrangertotheland,“saidRcdneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcher

whostudiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthe

Philippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.

“Wcworesoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocal

islanders,Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldsecthemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”

In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversity

ofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhave

ledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem,

“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,M

saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelp

theBajaudive.

32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhuman

evolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.

33.WhoredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?

A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthe

coast.

34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandand

water.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledfcraLifeatSeaB.Highlanders,SurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld5sBestDivers

【答案】32,B33.C34.C35.A

【解析】這是一篇說明文，最近一項對人類基因的探討發(fā)覺，人類的進化不僅僅發(fā)生在

數(shù)卜億年前，而且最近幾千年也有。Bajau人因為靠海為生，他們的身體已經(jīng)進化成更能適

應(yīng)海洋生活。

32.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjust

evolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoour

genes,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousand

years.（我們是進化的產(chǎn)物，而且不僅僅是數(shù)H乙年前的產(chǎn)物。當(dāng)科學(xué)家更深化的探討我們

的基因時，他們發(fā)覺了人類在過去幾千年進化的例子）可知，作者列舉第一段的例子是為了

告知我們關(guān)于人類進化的一個新信息那就是人類在最近幾千年也在進化PB.Newknowledge

ofhumanevolution.（人類進化的新學(xué)問）符合以上說法，故選B項。

33.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的TheBajau,asthesepeoplearcknown,number

inhundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhi1ippines.Theyhave

traditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vcalsobuilthouseson

stiltsincoastalwaters.（這些人被稱為Bajau,在印度尼西亞、馬來西亞和菲律賓有數(shù)

十萬人。他們始終住在船屋上：最近他們也把房子建在沿海水域的吊腳樓上）可知，Bajau

把房子建在沿海區(qū)域。D.Offthecoast.（沿海）符合以上說法，故選D項。

34.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstay

underwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders.（我們很驚異，他們在水下待的時間比

我們當(dāng)?shù)氐膷u民要長的多）可知，讓Jubilad。感到驚訝的是Bajau人能在水下待更長的時

間。C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.（他們能在水下待浪長時間）符合以上說法,故

選C項。

35.主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是其次段的OnThursdayinanarticle

publishedinCell,ateamofre