醫(yī)學英語 Medical English Translation(9) Translation of Adverbial Clauses and Nominal Clauses 學習資料

醫(yī)學英語翻譯與寫作

MedicalEnglish

TranslationandwritingLecture9

TranslationofAdverbialClausesandNominalClausesTranslationofAdverbialClauses1.AdverbialClauseofTime1）譯在句首2）轉譯為并列分句3）轉譯為條件狀語從句(when)e.g.Whentheabnormalissensed,analarmissoundedtoalertthenursingstaff.

如果測出異常情況，鬧鈴就響起來，引起

護理人員的警覺。TranslationofAdverbialClauses2.AdverbialClauseofPlace1）轉譯為地點狀語2）轉譯為條件狀語從句或結果狀語從句

(where,wherever)e.g.Pusformationmayoccurwhereverthereisintenselocaltissuedeath.

如果局部組織大量死亡，就會有膿液形成。TranslationofAdverbialClauses3.AdverbialClauseofCausee.g.Sincesomesideeffectssuchasnausea,skinrashesandvertigoarefrequentlyencountered,thedrugshouldbediscontinuedatthefirstsignofthem.

因為常遇到一些諸如惡心、皮疹、和眩暈

等的藥物副作用，所以一旦出現(xiàn)類似征兆

就應立即停藥。

TranslationofAdverbialClauses4.AdverbialClauseofCondition1）譯為表示條件或假設的分句，放在句首。2）譯成補充說明情況的分句，放在句末。e.g.Onceafibroidtumorisremoved,thereislittledangerofrecurrence.

一旦纖維瘤切除，就很少有復發(fā)的危險。e.g.Somepeopleoftentrytoavoidtheallergen,suchastheseafood,ifthey

possiblycan.

一些人常常盡量避免過敏原，比如海鮮，

如果可能的話。TranslationofAdverbialClauses5.AdverbialClauseofConcession1）譯成表示讓步的分句。2）譯成表示“無條件”的條件分句。e.g.Theriseofbodytemperatureisnotinvariableinappendicitis,whileaslightriseisusual.

患闌尾炎時，體溫并非一定要升高，

雖然輕微的升高是常見的。TranslationofAdverbialClauses

Notwithstandingthat(盡管)modernmedicinehasmadeagreatprogress,lungcancerisstilloneofthemostdangerousdisease.

Whateverthecausativeagentmightbe,itsurvivesinthepersonitinfectsandispassedontoanother.

不論病原體是什么，它都會在所感染的機體

內(nèi)存活并傳播。TranslationofAdverbialClauses幾種狀語從句的翻譯1.as連接的幾種狀語從句（時間、原因、條件、讓步、比較、方式）e.g.Adequatesleepisasvitalinpatientswithmyocardialinfarctionasitiswiththosesufferingfromcardiacfailure.

充足的睡眠對于心肌梗死病人來說，和對

心力衰竭病人一樣，具有同等的重要性。TranslationofAdverbialClauses2.sothat連接的狀語從句（1）表目的（為了、以便、為的是）（2）表結果（因此、所以、以致）e.g.Thebonemarrowfailstoproduceeitherredorwhitecells,sothatanemiaisaccompaniedbyleucopenia.

骨髓不再產(chǎn)生紅、白細胞，因此貧血的同時

伴有白細胞減少。TranslationofAdverbialClausese.g.Thedoctormusttranslateallthoughtprocessesintoeffectiveinteractionswiththepatientandmustworktodevelopapartnershipwiththepatientsothatmedicallyindicateddiagnostictestsandtreatmentsareidentifiedandused.

醫(yī)生必須將所思所想轉化為與病人的有效互動，

并致力于醫(yī)患之間的相互合作，以便使醫(yī)療診

斷和治療方案得以確認和實施。TranslationofAdverbialClauses3.seeingthat連接的原因狀語從句

譯為“因為、由于”，用法相似的還有：nowthat/inthat/inasmuchase.g.Inasmuchasthepathology,clinicalpictureandtreatmentofthetwoconditionsaredifferent,theywarrantseparatedescriptions.由于這兩種疾病的病理、臨床表現(xiàn)和治療方

法均不相同，因此有必要分別敘述。TranslationofAdverbialClauses4.provided(that)連接的條件狀語從句譯為“假如、只要”，用法相似的還有：providing(that)\if\suppose(that)supposing(that)\incase\onoccasion(that)e.g.Supposingthatheadinjuryisthecauseofcoma,thereisusuallyahistoryoftheinjury.

假如昏迷的原因是頭部外傷，那么（病人）

通常都有受傷的既往史。TranslationofAdverbialClauses5.hardly(scarcely)----when/nosooner---than連接的時間狀語從句，譯為“剛---就”。6.until(notuntil)連接的時間狀語從句，譯為“直到---才/為止”e.g.Hardlyhadtheattenuationofrheumaticpainoccurredwhenthedoctorinstructed

thepatienttostopmedication.

風濕痛剛剛減輕，醫(yī)生就囑咐病人停止用藥了。TranslationofAdverbialClausese.g.Notuntilthefoodhasenteredthebloodandbeenusedbythetissuecellscanthebodybesaidtohaveacceptedit.

直到食物進入血液并為組織細胞所利用后，

才能說機體已經(jīng)接受了它。TranslationofNominalClauses名詞性從句1.主語從句（subjectclause）（1）連詞引起的從句位于句首（2）it作形式主語，引導真正的主語。e.g.Whenthepatientcanundergosurgerydependsonwhetherhiscardiacfunctionmayrestore.患者何時可以接受手術取決于他的心臟功能

是否能夠恢復。e.g.Thatthetabletstrengthshouldbestatedon

theprescriptionandthatthepatientshould

alsoknowhisdailyrequirementsintermsof

milligramsarestronglyrecommended.強烈建議在處方上注明藥片劑量，并且讓

病人知道他自己每日所需的毫克量。TranslationofNominalClausesTranslationofNominalClausesItisnecessarythatlittlebabiesexposetheir

skintothemildsunlight.

Whythepatientmustbereferredtoaspecialististhathehasseverecomplications.

病人必須轉診給專科醫(yī)生的原因是他患有

嚴重的并發(fā)癥。TranslationofNominalClausesWhoeverwantstopursuethMDeducationhastoacquireabachelorofscienceonthehealth-relatedfieldsatfirst.

無論誰想修醫(yī)學博士課程都必須首先獲得一個

醫(yī)療相關領域的科學學士學位。Thatthesubjectsmustmeettheinclusioncriteriaistheprerequisiteofthetrialrecruitment.

受試者必須符合納入標準是招募試驗對象的

先決條件。2.賓語從句（subordinateclause）（1）由that,where,why,whether等引導，翻譯時一般無需改變從句位置。（2）it作形式賓語（不需譯出）（3）if連接的賓語從句e.g.Theadvicefromthedocormadeitcleartothem

thattheirsondiagnosedwithseverebipolar

depressionmustreceiveelectricshocktherapy.

醫(yī)生的建議十分清楚，他們被診斷為嚴重

雙相抑郁的兒子必須接受電休克療法。TranslationofNominalClauses3.同位語從句（appositiveclause）由從屬連詞that,whether,when引導，與某些抽象名詞連用:fact,evidence,idea,conclusion,doubt,question,etc.（1）翻譯時不需提前（2）翻譯時可以提前TranslationofNominalClausese.g.Noproofhasbeenprovidedthatgastric

hypomotilityorstasisismoreprevalentin

patientswithgastriculcerthaninthenormal

population.TranslationofNominalClauses沒有證據(jù)表明胃潰瘍患者的胃動力不足

或胃蠕動停止比正常人更常見。TranslationofNominalClausesThereisaninstinctofthehumanbodythatbodytemperaturecanberegulatedautomatically.

人體有一種體溫可以自動調(diào)節(jié)的本能。Thereisevidenceinlateststudiesthatshowstheefficacyofacupuncturetorelievepain.

最新研究中有證據(jù)表明針灸在緩解疼痛方面

是有效的。e.g.Thethesisthatbacterialpneumoniausually

resultsfromaspirationofinfectedsecretion

fromtheupperrespiratorytractisstronglysupportedbybothexperimentalandclinicalobservations.細菌性肺炎通常是由于吸入了來自上呼吸道的感染性分泌物引起的，這一論點從實驗觀察和臨床觀察兩方面都得到了強有力的支持。TranslationofNominalClausesTranslationofNominalClausese.g.Currentlythereiscontroversyoverwhethersuch

tumorsshouldberemovedbysurgery,whichmaypossiblyencourageratherthanhalttumorspread.當前對是否應該手術切除這類腫瘤是有爭議的，

因為手術有可能促使而非阻止腫瘤的轉移。

4.表語從句（precicativeclause）由that,whether,where等引導。

Thefactisthatbetweentheattacksofpainthepatientissymptom-free,andingoodhealth.Theileumwithitsgreateramountoflymphoidtissueiswheremostofthelymphomasoccur.

具有較多淋巴樣組織的回腸，是大多數(shù)淋巴

腺瘤產(chǎn)生之處。TranslationofNominalClausesTranslationofNominalClausesThatwashowtheantibioticsimposeits