虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用和練習(xí)課件-高三下學(xué)期英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

一、虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法二、虛擬語氣在從句中的用法三、虛擬語氣的其他用法虛擬語氣要點(diǎn)一、虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法01所假設(shè)的條件與事實(shí)相反，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較小，分為三種情況：1.表示與現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)相反，從句謂語：did/were；主句謂語：would/could/might/shoulddo。If

I

were

rich,

I

would

buy

anything

you

wanted.我要是有錢，你想要什么我就給你買什么。If

you

didn’t

stay

up

late

so

often,

you

wouldn’t

feel

so

sleepyby

day.如果不是經(jīng)常睡得太晚，你白天不會(huì)這么困。一、if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句2.

表示與將來事實(shí)相反，從句謂語：did/were或should

do或wereto

do；主句謂語：would/could/might/should

do。If

I

wereto

doit,

I

would

doit

better.要是我來做這件事，我會(huì)做得更好。If

she

should

come

tomorrow,

I

would

tell

her

the

news.如果她明天來，我會(huì)告訴她這個(gè)消息。一、if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句3.表示與過去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語：had

done；主句謂語：

would/could/might/shouldhave

done。If

you

had

worked

harder

at

school,

you

would

have

got

a

better

job.如果上學(xué)時(shí)你更用功一些，你本可以找到一份更好的工作。If

the

earthquake

had

occurred

in

the

daytime,

there

would

havebeen

fewer

deaths.要是地震發(fā)生在白天，那么死亡的人數(shù)會(huì)少一些。一、if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句（3）I

didn’t

see

your

boss

at

the

meeting.

If

he

had

come,

I

would

havetold

him

the

news.我沒有看見你的老板出席會(huì)議。要是他來了，我就告訴他消息了。If

I

hadn’t

driven

the

car

yesterday,

I

would

have

avoided

the

accident.如果昨天我沒有開車，就可以避免車禍的。He

might

not

have

been

killed

in

the

traffic

accident

yesterday

if

he

had

fastened

the

seat

belt.如果昨天他系安全帶了，就不會(huì)在交通事故中喪生。一、if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句注：在非真實(shí)條件句中如果有were、had、should，可以將if省略，把were、had、should提到主語前。If

he

had

taken

his

lawyer’s

advice,

he

would

have

saved

himself

a

greatdeal

of

trouble.=Had

he

taken

his

lawyer’s

advice,

he

would

have

saved

himself

a

greatdeal

of

trouble.要是他聽從了律師的建議，就會(huì)給自己省去不少麻煩。一、if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句如果從句和主句表示的時(shí)間不一致，動(dòng)詞的形式可按各自實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)表示。If

we

hadn’t

got

everything

ready

by

now,

we

should

be

having

a

terribletime

tomorrow.要是到現(xiàn)在還沒有準(zhǔn)備就緒，明天日子就難過了。（從句虛擬過去，主句虛擬將來）If

I

were

you,

I

would

have

accepted

their

offer

then.如果我是你，當(dāng)時(shí)就會(huì)接受他們的提議。（從句虛擬現(xiàn)在，主句虛擬過去）二、錯(cuò)綜虛擬語氣3.

If

he

had

had

the

operation

two

years

ago,

he

would

be

in

better

healthnow.要是他兩年前做了手術(shù)，現(xiàn)在健康狀況會(huì)好些。（從句虛擬過去，主句虛擬現(xiàn)在）二、錯(cuò)綜虛擬語氣有些句子雖然沒有條件從句，但意思和條件句相差不多，這種句子有時(shí)候會(huì)用虛擬語氣，這種情況稱為含蓄虛擬語氣。I

told

youwe

should

havedone

it

myway.我跟你說過我們?cè)緫?yīng)該用我的方法來做這事。She

could

have

donebetter.

她做得不夠好。I

might

have

given

you

more

help,

but

I

was

too

busy.我本可以給你更多的幫助，但我太忙了。三、含蓄虛擬語氣二、虛擬語氣在從句中的用法021.在表示愿望的動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中。用過去時(shí)，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。例：I

wish

I

couldhelp

him.我希望我能幫他。（事實(shí)上我不能）用過去完成時(shí)，表示與過去事實(shí)相反。例：He

didn’t

go

to

the

party,

but

he

did

wish

he

had

been

there.

他沒去參加晚會(huì)，但是他確實(shí)希望他能去。用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形，表示與將來事實(shí)相反。例：I

wishyou

couldcomealong

tomorrow.但愿你明天能一起來。一、用于賓語從句2.

在具有愿望、請(qǐng)求、要求、想法、建議、命令等主觀意向的動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中。在具有愿望、請(qǐng)求、要求、想法、建議、命令等主觀意向的動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞形式：should（用于所有人稱）+動(dòng)詞原形，或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。（1）The

teacher

insisted

that

he

(should)

learn

the

vocabulary

by

heart.老師堅(jiān)持他應(yīng)該用心學(xué)習(xí)詞匯。（2）I

suggested

that

a

meeting

(should)

be

held

at

once.我建議立即開會(huì)。一、用于賓語從句類似的動(dòng)詞有：advise（勸告）；desire（希望）；demand（要求）；request（要求）；suggest（建議）；propose（建議）；

recommend（推薦）；insist（堅(jiān)持）；require（要求）；

command（命令）；maintain（認(rèn)為）；prefer（寧愿）；order（命令）；allow（允許）；ask（要求）；arrange（安排）等。一、用于賓語從句3.

在表愿望的would

rather（寧愿）、would

sooner（寧可）及wouldas

soon（寧愿）后的賓語從句中。在表愿望的would

rather（寧愿）、would

sooner寧可）及would

as

soon（寧愿）后的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?，用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。I’drather

you

hadleft

yesterday.我寧愿你昨天已經(jīng)離開了。He

wouldratherI

went

now.他寧愿我現(xiàn)在就走。一、用于賓語從句1.某些表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等意義的形容詞之后的主語從句中。動(dòng)詞形式為：should+動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。It

is

suggested

that

parents

(should)

spend

more

time

with

their

children

alone.建議父母應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間和孩子獨(dú)處。Itis

required

thatI

give

evidence.要求我提供證據(jù)。二、用于主語從句It

is/was

important/necessary/appropriate/proper/imperative/essential/vital,

etc.that…中。動(dòng)詞形式為：should+動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。例：It

is

important

that

we

(should)

learn

English

well.學(xué)好英語很重要。It

is/was

amazing/odd/ridiculous/surprising/unthinkable/natural,

etc.that…中。動(dòng)詞形式為：should+動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。例：It’s

ridiculous

that

he

(should)

not

know

who

his

supervisor

is.可笑的是他的導(dǎo)師是誰他都不知道。二、用于主語從句在表示“建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、提議、要求”等之意的名詞，例：suggestion（建議）、proposal（提議）、instruction（指示）、advice、order、request、recommendation（建議）、requirement、stipulation（規(guī)定、合同）、insistence（堅(jiān)持）等，

其后的表語從句要用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，

should可以省略。My

order

is

that

nobody

be

able

to

leave

here

from

now

on.我下令無論任何人從現(xiàn)在起不能離開這兒。My

request

is

that

leaders

should

pay

more

attention

to

the

project.我要求領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目多一點(diǎn)關(guān)注。三、用于表語從句在表示“建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、提議、要求”等之意的名詞，例：suggestion、proposal、instruction、advice、order、request、recommendation等構(gòu)成的同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)

詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。例：He

made

a

suggestion

that

we

(should)

cancel

the

activity.

他建議我們?nèi)∠@項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。四、用于同位語從句1.

在as

if、as

though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑；動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況不相符合或相反。He

orders/ordered

me

as

if

I

were

his

servant.他對(duì)我發(fā)號(hào)施令，好像我是他的傭人。He

talked

about

Tokyo

as

if

he

had

been

there

himself.他談及東京就好像他自己去過那兒一樣。五、用于狀語從句2.以lest（免得、唯恐）、for

fear

that（以免）或incasethat（假使……，萬一……）引導(dǎo)從句必須用虛擬語氣，謂語用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。Take

the

raincoat

in

case

that

it

(should)

rain.帶上雨衣以防下雨。We

must

hurry

off

lest

we

(should)

miss

the

train.我們得趕快走，否則趕不上火車了。五、用于狀語從句三、虛擬語氣的其他用法031.用于表示祝愿在一些表示祝愿的話語中可使用虛擬語氣（多用動(dòng)詞原形）。例：1.May

you

be

happy!

祝你幸福！2.Long

live

peace!

和平萬歲！2.用于It’s(high/about)

time(that)…句型在it

is(high/about)

time(該……/是時(shí)候……)后的從句中用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞多用過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)，表示與事實(shí)不一致。例：It’s

hightimeweleft

home.我們?cè)缭撾x家了。It

is

high

time

we

did

something

to

stop

road

accident.我們?cè)缭撟鲂┦裁捶乐菇煌ㄊ鹿实陌l(fā)生了。（3）I

think

it’s

high

time

we

took

strict

measures

to

stop

pollution.我認(rèn)為我們?cè)缭摬扇?yán)厲措施減少污染了。3.用于If

only句型If

only感嘆句中，If

only表示“但愿、要是……就好了”，其用法和I

wish基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩。例：If

onlyshe

hadasked

your

advice!她要是征求你的意見就好了！If

only

he

were

here!他要是在這兒就好了！精題演練041.

I

wish

I

totheplaywith

youlastSunday.A.

did

goC.

had

goneB.

wentD.

have

gone參考答案：C解析：句意“我真希望上星期天和你一起去看戲。”wish后賓語從句使用虛擬語氣，用過去完成時(shí)，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故選C。精題演練2.

for

the

timely

investment

from

the

public,

our

company

wouldnot

be

so

prosperous.A.

Were

it

notC.

If

it

was

notB.

Had

it

not

beenD.

Be

it

not參考答案：A解析：句意“如果不是社會(huì)各界及時(shí)投資，我們的公司不會(huì)如此繁榮。”由后面句子中的would

not

be可知此處是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬if條件句用一般過去時(shí)，如果是were可把if

省略，把were提到主語的前面。而B：Had

it

not

been是對(duì)過去的虛擬，故此處的Wereit

not…可改寫為：If

it

were

notfor

the

timely.

故選A。精題演練3.

It

is

required

that

students

atleasttwoclubsinthe

university.B.

would

attendD.

are

to

attendA.

will

attendC.

attend參考答案：C解析：句意“學(xué)校要求學(xué)生至少參加兩個(gè)社團(tuán)?！眗equire之后的主語從句中使用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞形式為：should+動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。故選C。精題演練4.

If

only

I

a

doctor.A.

wasC.

isB.

wereD.

am參考答案：B解析：句意“我要是個(gè)醫(yī)生就好了?！眎f

only后使用虛擬語氣，

用法與wish基本相同，謂語動(dòng)詞如果為be動(dòng)詞，則用were。故選B。精題演練5.

The

professor

acts

as

if

he

a

king

ofgreat

kingdom.A.

isC.

wereB.

wasD.

had

been參考答案：C解析：句意“教授表現(xiàn)得好像他是一個(gè)偉大王國(guó)的國(guó)王?！盿sif后使用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞如果為be動(dòng)詞，則用were。故選C。精題演練6.

Had

he

worked

harder,

he

the

exams.A.

must

have

got

throughC.

would

get

throughB.

could

get

throughD.

would

have

got

through參考答案：D解析：句意“如果他再努力一點(diǎn)，他就能通過考試了?！庇蒱ad

worked可知，與過去事實(shí)相反，主句使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have

done的形式，故選D。精題演練7.

The

manager

demanded

that

all

employees

on

time.A.

beC.

to

beB.

areD.

would

be參考答案：A解析：句意“經(jīng)理要求所有員工準(zhǔn)時(shí)?！眃emand后的賓語從句使用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞形式為：should+動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞

原形。故選A。精題演練8.

If

y