必考點08 閱讀理解之推理判斷題 【對點變式題】2021-2022學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期期中必考題精準練（人教版2019）（解析版）

PAGEPAGE1必考點08閱讀理解之推理判斷題必考一應(yīng)用文經(jīng)典必考感知練Christmasisontheway:4giftideasfromStanford'sbookshop.ShippingAreasTeaTowel,￡9.99(enjoyinga10%discount)Weareanationofsailorswhorelyonweatherforecaststokeepsafe.Thisbookwillhelpyouunderstandtheshippingforecast,withthe30shippingareasmentionedintheNationalWeatherService.So,thenexttimeyouturnontheradioandhearabouthighwindsinCromarty,ForthandTyne,you'llknowthattheymeanstrongwindsintheseareas.You'llbewisertomakesomepreparations.TheWriter'sMap,￡30(enjoyinga5%discount)TheWriter'sMapcombinesmapsandliterature.Manywritersusemapstoplanouttheirstories.Thisbookcollectsmapsthatappearinfictionandnon-fiction.JRRTolkien,afantasynovelwriter,said,“Thefactthatmanybookschoosetocontainonemapisevidencetotheimportanceofmaps.Iwiselystartedwithamap,andmadethestoryfit.”BrutalistLondonMap,￡8(enjoyinga5%discount)Youeitherloveitoryouhateit.Saidtohavebeencoined(創(chuàng)造)inthelate1950sfromtheFrenchrawconcrete,brutalism(野獸派藝術(shù))wasabiginfluenceonthe1960sLondon’sfinestexamplesofbrutalism.Brutalismmapsofothercities,includingParis,WashingtonandSydney,arealsoavailable.TheOrdnanceSurveyPuzzleBook,￡14.99(enjoyinga10%&discount)Thenationalmappingagency,OrdnanceSurvey,hasbeenmappingtheGreatBritainformanyyears.TheOrdnanceSurveyPuzzleBookincludeswordpuzzlesandvariousmathematicalchallenges.Itincludesmapscontainingraregeographicalcharacteristicsorplacesofspecialculturalinterest.Itwillmakeyoulookmorecloselyateverymapandtestyourmap-readingknowledge.39．ShippingAreasTeaTowelcanhelpsailors________.A．knowworld-famousshippingareasB．prepareforbadweatherinadvanceC．havetheabilitytopredictweatherD．judgethequalityofvariousships41．What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthetext?A．Toadvertisefourbooks.B．Tocomparefourbooks.C．Toappealtopeopletoread.D．Toshowdifferentmaps.【答案】39．B41．A【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福書店的4個圣誕節(jié)禮物創(chuàng)意。39．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一書ShippingAreasTeaTowel下面介紹中的第二、三、四句“Thisbookwillhelpyouunderstandtheshippingforecast,withthe30shippingareasmentionedintheNationalWeatherService.So,thenexttimeyouturnontheradioandhearabouthighwindsinCromarty,ForthandTyne,you'llknowthattheymeanstrongwindsintheseareas.You'llbewisertomakesomepreparations.(這書將幫助你理解航運預(yù)報與國家氣象局提到的30個航運地區(qū)。所以，下次當(dāng)你打開收音機聽到關(guān)于克羅馬蒂、福斯和泰恩的大風(fēng)時，你就會知道這些地區(qū)有強風(fēng)。你最好做些準備)”可知，ShippingAreasTeaTowel這書可以幫助水手提前為壞天氣做好準備。故選B項。41．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Christmasisontheway:4giftideasfromStanford'sbookshop.(圣誕節(jié)就要來了：斯坦福書店的4個禮物創(chuàng)意)”以及下文主要是對四書的介紹可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是為四書做廣告。故選A項。必考二記敘文經(jīng)典必考感知練LocatedintheBahamas,AndrosIslandisalsoknownas“TheSleepingGiant”，yetwithonlyabout8.000peoplelivingonit.NowtheislandhasanewluxuryresortCaerulaMarClub-whichopenedthisFebruary.Theonce-abandonedpropertywasdiscoveredbyawell-knownHGTVrealitystarcouplewhotransformeditintoahotel.TheCanadiandesignduoBryanandSarahBaeumlerwerevacationingintheBahamasinthesummerof2017whentheydiscoveredaonce-abandonedresort.Theyinstantlydecidedtopurchaseitwithhopestotransformthe10-acrebeachfrontpropertyintoaluxuryhotel.However,theyhadnoideahowmuchtheinvestmentwouldendupcostingthem.Heremostsupplieshadtobeshippedin,andthepropertywasinbadshape.Thebudgetfortheremodellingshouldbearound$4million,butthey'vespentwellover$10million.What'sworse,inthefallof2019,category5HurricaneDorianhittheBahamas,andtheiremployeesandfriendswereaffected.Finally,severalmonthslater,astheypreparedtoopentheresorttothepublic,theCoronaviruspandemic（大流行?。﹕truck.They'djustbeenfullybookedthroughoutthefallandwintermonthswhenthenewdisasterstoppedeverythingastheBahamaswereputonlockdown.Withtourismopeningupagain,newplansarenowforanOctoberlaunch,butthey'rejusttakingthingsonedayatatime."Ithinkattheendofthispandemic,wellfindmanypeoplearesearchingforadifferentexperience，”saysBryan."Insteadofcrowdingintolargeresorts,they'llbegoingtopropertieswheretheycanmeetpeople,connectwiththelocalsandexperiencenature.Ourhotelisjustsuchaplace.”Nowthecoupleisfocusingonthefuturewhilecreatingnewdevelopmentforvisitors.“WecertainlyhaveplanstoresponsiblyandsustainablydeveloptheislandthatwillhelpsupportthelocaleconomysaysBryan.21．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．LifeonAndrosIslandisfast-paced.B．AndrosIslandislightlypopulated.C．Thecouplebuiltthehotelasplanned.D．Thecouplefoundtheluxuryhotelaccidentally.23．What,isBryan'sattitudetowardstheirhotel?A．Hethinksit'snotworththeprice. B．Heisworriedaboutit.C．Heisconfidentaboutit. D．Hethinksitshouldbereevaluated.24．Whatismainlyimpliedinthelastparagraph?A．Thesustainablewaysofdevelopingtheisland.B．Thepoliticaleffectsofthehotelontheisland.C．Thepromisingfutureofthetourismontheisland.D．Thecouple'sdeterminationtocontributetotheisland.【答案】21．B23．C24．D【解析】文是記敘文。文主要講述了一對著名的真人秀夫婦在安德羅斯島上修建賓館的故事。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第1段第1句“LocatedintheBahamas,AndrosIslandisalsoknownas“TheSleepingGiant”，yetwithonlyabout8.000peoplelivingonit.”位于巴哈馬群島的安德羅斯島也被稱為“沉睡的巨人”，然而島上只有大約8000人居住。根據(jù)only可知，該島居住人口較少。故選B項。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第4段“Insteadofcrowdingintolargeresorts,they'llbegoingtopropertieswheretheycanmeetpeople,connectwiththelocalsandexperiencenature.Ourhotelisjustsuchaplace.”他們將不再擠在大型的度假勝地，而是去那些可以與人見面、與當(dāng)?shù)厝寺?lián)系、體驗自然的地方。我們的酒店就是這樣一個地方。可知，Bryan認為，在這場大瘟疫之后，人們將不再聚集在大型度假村，而是去那些可以與人見面、與當(dāng)?shù)厝私涣?、體驗自然的地方，他們的賓館就是這樣一個地方。因此他對他們賓館的未來充滿了信心。故選C項。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Bryan說的話“WecertainlyhaveplanstoresponsiblyandsustainablydeveloptheislandthatwillhelpsupportthelocaleconomysaysBryan.”布萊恩說:“我們當(dāng)然有負責(zé)任和可持續(xù)發(fā)展這個島嶼的計劃，這將有助于支持當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟?？梢愿惺艿竭@對夫婦為小島做貢獻的決心。故選D項。必考三說明文經(jīng)典必考感知練OneoftheexecutivesgatheredattheAspenInstituteforaday-longleadershipworkshopusingtheworksofShakespearewasdiscussingtheroleofBrutusinthedeathofJuliusCaesar.“Brutuswasnotanhonourableman,”hesaid.“Hewasatraitor(叛徒).Andhemurderedsomeoneincoldblood.”TheagreementwasthatBrutushadactedwithcrueltywhenotheroptionswereavailabletohim.Hemadeabaddecision,theysaid—atleastasitwaspresentedbyShakespeare—totaketheleadinmurderingJuliusCaesar.AndthoughoneoftheexecutivesacknowledgedthatBrutushadthegoodoftherepublicinmind,Caesarwasneverthelesshissuperior.“Youhavetounderstand,”theexecutivessaid,“ourpolicyistoobeythechainofcommand.”Duringthelastfewyears,businessexecutivesandbookwriterslookingforanewwaytoadvisecorporateAmericahavebeenexploitingShakespeare’swisdomforprofitableends.NonemoresothanhusbandandwifeteamKennethandCarolAdelman,well-knownformeradviserstotheWhiteHouse,whostartedupatrainingcompanycalled“MoversandShakespeares”.TheyareamateurShakespearescholarsandShakespearelovers,andtheyhavecombinedtheirpassionandtheirhigh-levelcontactsintoamanagementtrainingbusiness.Theyconductbetween30and40workshopsannually,dealingwithhalfadozendifferentplays,mostlyforcorporations,butalsoforgovernmentagencies.Theworkshopsalltakethesameform,focusingonasingleplayasakindofcasestudy,andusingindividualscenesasspecificlessons.InJuliusCaesar,forexample,Cassius’sslyprovocation(狡詐的挑唆)ofBrutustotakeuparmsagainstCaesarwasthebasisforadiscussionofmethodsofteambuildingandgrassrootsorganizing.AlthoughneitheroftheAdelmansisacademicallytrainedinliterature,theprogramscontainplentyofShakespearetraditionandbackground.TheirworkshoponHenryV,forexample,includesahelpfulexplanationofHenry’swinningstrategyattheBattleofAgincourt.Buttheydocometothetextwithafewbiases(偏向):theirreadingofHenryVminimizeshismisuseofpower.Instead,theyemphasizethestoryoftheyouthwhoseizesopportunityandbecomesamasterfulleader.AndattheworkshoponCaesar,Mr.AdelmanshadlittlegoodtosayaboutBrutus,saying“thenoblestRomanofthemall”couldn’tmakehismindupaboutthings.Manyoftheparticipantspointedtoveryspecificelementsintheplaythattheyfelttoberelated.Caesar’spride,whichledtohismurder,andBrutus’smistakesinleadingthetraitorsafterthemurder,theysaid,raisevitalquestionsforanyoneservinginabusinesswhenandhowdoyouresisttheboss?1．Accordingtoparagraph1,whatdidalltheexecutivesthinkofBrutus?A．Cruel. B．Superior. C．Honourable. D．Rude.2．Accordingtothepassage,theAdelmanssetup“MoversandShakespeares”to________.A．helpexecutivestounderstandShakespeare’splaysbetterB．giveadviceonleadershipbyanalyzingShakespeare’splaysC．providecasestudiesofShakespeare’splaysinliteratureworkshopsD．guidegovernmentagenciestofollowthecharactersinShakespeare’splays4．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．theAdelmans’programprovesbiasedastherolesofcharactersaremaximizedB．executivesfeelboredwithtoomanyspecificelementsofShakespeare’splaysC．theAdelmanswillmakemoreprofitsiftheyareprofessionalscholarsD．Shakespearehasplayedanimportantroleinthemanagementfield【答案】1．A2．B4．D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了莎士比亞戲劇在商業(yè)管理方面的應(yīng)用。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheagreementwasthatBrutushadactedwithcruelty”(大家一致認為，Brutus的行為很殘忍)可知，所有高管都認為，Brutus表現(xiàn)得很殘忍。故選A項。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Duringthelastfewyears,businessexecutivesandbookwriterslookingforanewwaytoadvisecorporate.TheyareamateurShakespearescholarsandShakespearelovers,andtheyhavecombinedtheirpassionandtheirhighlevelcontactsintoamanagementtrainingbusiness.”（在在過去幾年，商業(yè)執(zhí)行官和作家們找到了一種新的方式來勸導(dǎo)行政體系。他們是非專業(yè)的莎士比亞研究者和推崇者，并將其高昂的激情用于商業(yè)管理培訓(xùn)項目中。）可推出，Adelman夫婦成立了MoversandShakespeares，通過分析莎士比亞的戲劇給領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層提供建議。故選B項。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“OneoftheexecutivesgatheredattheAspenInstituteforaday-longleadershipworkshopusingtheworksofShakespearewasdiscussingtheroleofBrutusinthedeathofJuliusCaesar.”（公司的一名執(zhí)行官匯聚在Aspen集團參加為期一天的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力研討，這個研討會其中一個主題就是討論莎士比亞作品中Brutus對凱撒之死所起到的作用。）可推斷出，莎士比亞在管理領(lǐng)域也起著重要作用。故選D項。必考四議論文經(jīng)典必考感知練“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamLastFriday?”LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago.”WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?Itjusthappenedtobeyourstruly,AdamFreedman.Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresayingisnotniceandnoteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip(閑話).Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic—breakups,troubleathome,evendroppingout—atapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor(傳言)canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon’t.Similarly,hearingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe“ingroup.”Inotherwords,gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasense

ofbelongingorevensuperiority(優(yōu)越).Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedo’sanddon’tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory”mighthave.5．Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto________.A．clarifyhiswritingpurposeB．presentanargumentC．describethecharactersD．introduceatopic6．Animportantnegativeeffectsofgossipisthatit________.A．causesunpleasantexperiencesB．embarrassesthelistenerC．spreadsinformationaroundD．breaksoprelationships【答案】5．D6．A【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了日常生活中我們經(jīng)常和好友私下談?wù)搨鞑リP(guān)于某人的閑話。作者把閑話流言給人們帶來的影響分為三類，分別進行了論說。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段和第二段““DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamLastFriday?”LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago.”(“你聽說上周五亞當(dāng)發(fā)生什么事了嗎?”林賽小聲對托麗說。她的眼睛閃閃發(fā)光，Tori吹噓道，“當(dāng)然是我，Sean兩天前告訴我的?！?”和文章第三段“Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip(我注意到閑話的三種影響)”可知，作者開頭引用了兩個同學(xué)談?wù)摿硗庖粋€同學(xué)的閑話，然后作者說自己注意到閑話帶來的三種影響。由此可知，作者用這個談話來引出文的話題。故選D。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.(八卦的一個重要的負面影響是它會傷害被談?wù)摰娜?”可知，八卦的一個重要的負面影響是它會帶來不愉快的經(jīng)歷。故選A。※解題技巧提煉→考點綜述推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的設(shè)題。它包括判斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫(paraphrase)或綜合。常見的題干有： 1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat… 2.Wecanconcludethat… 3.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat… 4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?技巧提煉●細節(jié)推斷題常見的設(shè)問方式： Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat_________. Theauthormainlysuggeststhat________. Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_______. Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystates_______. Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers? 細節(jié)判斷題屬于深層理解題，要求根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細節(jié)。做此類題目關(guān)鍵是要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實于原文，千萬不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。干擾項特點： 1.文章中直接用于表達細節(jié)的信息 2.文章中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論 3.與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論 4.不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。解題技巧 1.要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。 2.要忠實原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。 3.注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知?！耦A(yù)測推斷題常見的設(shè)問方式： Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if…? Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_______. Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybeabout_______. Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph? 有些內(nèi)容文章中沒有明確說明，這就要求考生根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，對事件可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進行預(yù)測、推斷。作這類題時考生應(yīng)準確把握作者的寫作思路，從而作出比較準確的、合情合理的猜測?！裎恼聛碓椿蜃x者對象題 常見的設(shè)問方式： Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_______. Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________. Whereisthepassagemostlikelyfrom? 文章來源或讀者對象推斷題要求考生具備一定的常識。因此考生身要對報紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普知識、小說、童話、廣告、教材、說明書、旅游指南、操作指南等有基的了解，這樣才能在做題時根據(jù)文章的特點選出答案?！駥懽饕鈭D推測題 常見的設(shè)問方式： Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______. Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________. Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________. Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________. 寫作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖及作者運用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時還要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。一般來說，我們可以通過分析文章的文體特點，理解作者的詞句選擇和識別文章的語氣來推斷出作者的寫作意圖?！袢宋镄愿?、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點等推斷題高考閱讀測試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物語氣、言談話語中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點等方面的理解。做這一類題時一定注意：（1）由表及里地準確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點代替作者的思想觀點。（2）特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言，以及表達感情，態(tài)度觀點的詞語。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。3）能結(jié)合自己平時積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識來識別評價。干擾項特點： 1.是自己的某種看法或觀點 2.是社會的一種普遍種傾向 3.是與文無關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點或看法等解題技巧： 1.問全文主體事物的(包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中表達感情色彩的形容詞、副詞或動詞確定作者的態(tài)度； 2.如果問的是對某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。必考一應(yīng)用文真題預(yù)知對點練（2021全國甲卷）ATakeaview,theLandscape（風(fēng)景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlieWaite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcomersoftheUKandbeyond.MikeShepherd(2011)SkiddawinWinterCumbria,EnglandItwasanextremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.Iclimbedtothetopofasmallriseandrealizedthatthemistwaslittlemorethanafewfeetdeep,andthoughitwasonlyashortclimb,IfoundmyselfcompletelyaboveitandlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkiddawwiththesumsettinginthewest.Iusedclassicaltechniques,translatedfrommycollegedaysspentinthedarkroomintoPhotoshop,toachievetheblack—and—whiteimage（圖像）.TimothySmith(2014)MacclesfieldForestCheshire,EnglandIwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages.WalkingupapaththroughtheforesttowardsShutlingsloe.alocalhighpoint,Icameacrossasmallclearingandimmediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassessetagainstthefreshsnow.ThesmallpineaddedtotheinterestandIplaceditcentrallytotaketheviewfromtheforegroundrightthroughintotheforest.1.WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?A.Writers. B.Photographers. C.Painters. D.Tourists.2.WhatdotheworksbyShepherdandSmithhaveincommon?A.Theyarewinterimages.B.Theyareinblackandwhite.C.Theyshowmountainousscenes.D.Theyfocusonsnow—coveredforests.3.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inahistorybook. B.Inanovel. C.Inanartmagazine. D.Inabiography.【答案】3.C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了攝影比賽Takeaview以及獲獎的相關(guān)情況?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcomersoftheUKandbeyond.”（每年參賽作品的高水準表明，該獎項是展示英國風(fēng)景最佳攝影作品的完美平臺。對于英國和世界各地的攝影師來說，Takeaview是一項令人向往的年度競賽）結(jié)合下文對兩位獲獎?wù)呒捌渥髌返慕榻B，可知這篇文章主要介紹了攝影比賽Takeaview以及獲獎的相關(guān)情況，最可能出現(xiàn)在一藝術(shù)雜志上。故選C。必考二記敘文真題預(yù)知對點練（2021年全國甲卷）WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue—skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.WhenIwas15,myfamilymovedtoWashington.Itriedskateboardingthere,butthelocalswerefarlesswelcoming.Withinacoupleofyears,I'dgivenitup.WhenIreturnedtoLondonin2004,IfoundmyselfwanderingdowntoSouthbank,spendinghoursthere.I'vetraveledbackseveraltimessince,mostrecentlythispastspring.Thedaywascoldbutclear:touristsandLondonersstoppedtowatchtheskaters.Weaving（穿梭）amongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards,Ifoundmywaytothebeam.Thenarail—thinteenager,inabaggywhiteT—shirt,skidded（滑）uptothebeam.Hesatnexttome.Heseemednottonoticethemannexttohim.ButsoonIcaughtafewofhisglances.“Iwasalocalhere20yearsago,”Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead.“Safe,man.Safe.”“Yeah,”Isaid.“Safe.”8.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?A.Hefeltdisappointed. B.Hegaveuphishobby.C.Helikedtheweatherthere. D.Hehaddisagreementswithhisfamily.10.WhydidtheauthorliketospendtimeinSouthbankwhenhereturnedtoLondon?A.Tojointheskateboarding. B.Tomakenewfriends.C.Tolearnmoretricks. D.Torelivehischildhooddays11.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Childrenshouldlearnasecondlanguage.BSportisnecessaryforchildren'shealth.C.ChildrenneedasenseofbelongingD.Seeingtheworldisamustforchildren.【答案】8.A10.D11.C【解析】文屬于記敘文。文講述作者自己的經(jīng)歷，起初搬到倫敦很不適應(yīng)，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，結(jié)識了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的適應(yīng)了。作者回到倫敦之后，經(jīng)常去之前玩滑板的地方尋找自己的回憶，在與一個玩滑板的孩子打招呼的時候，終于找到了自己久違的熟悉感?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue-skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.(除了我之外的家里人都很快適應(yīng)這個城市，沒有了我喜愛的沙灘和藍天，我感到迷茫和無措)”可知，作者剛到倫敦的時候因為沒有喜愛的沙灘，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮喪，故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Iwasalocalhere20yearsago,"Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead.“Safe,man.Safe.””(我告訴他：“我20年前經(jīng)常在這里玩滑板，”他緩慢地開始向我點頭：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank這個地方是為了尋找自己玩滑板的回憶，故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，作者起初搬到倫敦很不適應(yīng)，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，結(jié)識了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的適應(yīng)了。但是搬去華盛頓，因為沒有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，幾年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到倫敦之后，經(jīng)常去之前玩滑板的地方尋找自己的回憶，在于一個孩子打招呼的時候，終于找到了自己久違的回憶。通過作者的經(jīng)歷，作者要表達的是，歸屬感對于孩子是很重要的，故選C。必考三說明文真題預(yù)知對點練（2021·浙江·高考真題）Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities（機會）forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha“good”,quicklyfollowedby"I'mhungry".Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool-busroutes（路線）,withdaysofregular,

parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittleplanning-runningshoesbythefrontdoor,lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones-butit'scertainlyworthtrying.21．WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins'predictionsinthefirstparagraph?A．Tomakecomparisons. B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Tosupportherargument. D．Toprovideexamples.【答案】21．B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章通過否定沃特金斯的預(yù)言，進而提出現(xiàn)在人們時間的緊缺和陪伴的重要性。21．推理判斷題。通過文章第二段“Today:inAustralia:mostchildrenonaveragefall2:000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschoolwhilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.(今天：在澳大利亞：大多數(shù)孩子平均比避免超重所需的體力活動少了2000步。在上世紀70年代初，40%的孩子步行上學(xué)，而在2010年，這一比例降至15%)”說明作者根據(jù)沃特金斯的預(yù)言做了相關(guān)調(diào)查，并且寫下了這篇文章。通讀全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的預(yù)言，是為了介紹文章主題。故選B項。必考四說明文真題預(yù)知對點練（2021·天津·高考真題）Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（視角）intospecificfieldsofexpertise（專長）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit."Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.1．Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto_____.A．narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB．a(chǎn)voidresponsibilitiesatworkC．knowmoreaboutthesocietyD．broadenhisperspectiveonlife4．WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A．Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B．In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C．Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D．Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinaway