第04練 語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)練1(定語(yǔ)從句)(原卷版)-2022年【暑假分層作業(yè)】高二英語(yǔ)(人教版2019必修)復(fù)習(xí)

2/22022年【暑假分層作業(yè)】高二英語(yǔ)（人教版2019必修）復(fù)習(xí)第04練語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)練1(定語(yǔ)從句)I.定語(yǔ)從句概述定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語(yǔ)Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢允÷裕樵~提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語(yǔ)Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人或物定語(yǔ)Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人或物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人或物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因狀語(yǔ)Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichII.that與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)別情況用法說(shuō)明例句只用that的情況1.先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代詞時(shí)2.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時(shí)3.先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)4.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)5.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情況1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2.在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3.先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時(shí)多用who。1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.III.as、which和that的區(qū)別從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語(yǔ)從句中名詞前有such和thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.thesame...as和thesame...thatthesame...as指同類事物thesame...that指原物That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.（同類工具，不是同一把）That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用過(guò)的工具。注意：theway做先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句可由that,inwhich引導(dǎo)或不用引導(dǎo)詞。IV.定語(yǔ)從句與其它從句（句型）的區(qū)別類別區(qū)別例句定語(yǔ)從句與并列句定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個(gè)句子用分號(hào)連接，這時(shí)就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞了。①M(fèi)rLihasthreedaughters，noneof_____isanengineer．②MrLihasthreedaughters，butnoneof_____isadancer．從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，①小題是定語(yǔ)從句，故填whom；②小題有并列連詞but，是并列句，故填代詞them。定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句的前面有名詞作先行詞，而狀語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)有先行詞。Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.這是幾年前我們居住的地方。（定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為theplace）Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.我們到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面，而狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下課的時(shí)間嗎？（定語(yǔ)從句）Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.當(dāng)下課時(shí)己經(jīng)是5點(diǎn)了。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）When,where和why在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以用“介詞＋which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換，在引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不行。Thisisthefactoryinwhich(where)hisfatheronceworked.這就是他的父親曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的那個(gè)工廠。（定語(yǔ)從句）Putbackthebookwhereitwas.把書放回原處。（狀語(yǔ)從句）定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)某種句子成分，因此去掉它則從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分，去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書。（as用作動(dòng)詞like的賓語(yǔ)，它引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句）Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.它是一本如此有趣的書，我們大家都喜歡它。（that不充當(dāng)句子成分，故它引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)前面的名詞給予補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容,與先行詞之間是同位關(guān)系。Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.她考試及格的消息使她父母親很高興。（同位語(yǔ)從句）此句中的同位語(yǔ)從句Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexam可以改寫成表語(yǔ)從句：Thenewsisthathepassedtheexam.Thenewsthathetoldusinterestedallofus.他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。（定語(yǔ)從句）Thenewsthathetoldus是定語(yǔ)從句，此句不能改寫為：Thenewsisthathetold

us.定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis／was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋從句”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語(yǔ)以外的任何成分，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，還可用who代替that。這一句型中，一定不能因?yàn)楸粡?qiáng)調(diào)部分是表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞就用when或where代替that。①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_____ImetLiangWeiattheairport．②Itisthefactory_____MrWangworks．從結(jié)構(gòu)上看：①小題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，故填that。②小題則是定語(yǔ)從句，用上述方法轉(zhuǎn)換便知thefactory前差個(gè)介詞in，故填where。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Thechildisatthestage________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.A.where B.which C.that D.when2.Gone______thedays______wesanganddancedhappily.A.have;when B.were;which C.are;when D.are;that3.Wearetalkingaboutthecase______hewasaccused______theft.A.that;in B.where,of C.which;to D.what;on4.Sincemanyformerdrugabusershavepsychologicalproblems,theyoftenneedsupportgroups________theycantalkabouttheirstrugglesandfindnewwaystomanageintheworld.A.which B.who C.where D.when5.Ihavesentherseveralletters,________shehasn’trepliedsofar,soIdecidetowriteheragain.A.withwhich B.inwhich C.towhich D.onwhich6.Thesolider______armsaremissinginthebattlehasjustgotafirstclassmerit.A.whose B.who C.whom D.which7.Hehasreachedapointofhislife________heissupposedtomakedecisionsofhisown.A.which B.where C.how D.why8.Thereason________hehasbeensuchasuccessis________henevergivesup.A.why,because B.that,what C.that,that D.why,that9.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor________dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.who B.ofwhom C.whose D.that10.Theuseofgeneticengineeringshouldberestrictedtojustthosecases_____thehealthofthemotherorherbabyisthreatened.A.inwhich??? B.how C.ofwhom D.why11.Marinandhiswifebothgotoworkeverydaybybicycle,________contributestokeepingthebodyhealthy.A.as B.that C.which D.when12.Ifashoppingmallhaschairs________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeinit.A.which B.that C.where D.when13.Asportwithabroomonice________requiresbowling________makescurlingoneofthemostuniquesportsoutthere.A.that…precision B.that…diversityC./…precision D./…diversity14.Isittheschool________youoncestudiedfortwoyears________willberebuiltwiththehelpoftheHopeProject?A.where;that B.that;which C.when;which D.which;that15.Mr.Smithownedthisoilpaintinguntiltheearly1990s,________hegaveittohisgrandson.A.which B.when C.that D.onwhich16.Itisthetime________youspentonyourrose________makesyourrosesoimportant.A.when;that B.which;what C.that;which D.which;that17.Those______achievegreatthingsaretheoneswillingtobescaredbutnotscaredoff.A.what B.who C.which D.whom18.It’saremotevillagewithasmallpopulation,30%of________makealivinginfishingindustry.A.who B.whom C.whose D.that19.MyfavoritewriterisJ.KRowling,mostof________bookshavebeenadaptedforfilms.A.which B.that C.whom D.whose20.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who’s B.whose C.that D.ofwhich21.Ireachedintomywallet_________Idon’tusuallyhavecashandpulledoutall.A.which B.where C.when D.who22.Thisisthesecondworkplace_________Iusedtoworkat,manyworkersof__________stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithme.A.that,which B.where,which C.where,whom D.that,whom23.TheU.S.andRussiahaveclashedoverRussia’songoingmilitaryinvasionofUkraine,butspaceremainsonearea______thetwohistoricrivalsstillworktogether.A.where B.inwhere C.that D.as24.Thereason________I’mheretotellthestoryisthatImadetherightdecision.A.why B.because C.that D.which25.Doyouknowthepersonsandthethings_____theyaretalkingabout.A.that B.which C.who

. D.whom26.Helivesinaroom______windowsarebroken.A.which B.that C.ofwhich D.whose27.She’sgotherselfintoadangeroussituation______she’slikelytoloseherlife.A.which B.whose C.where D.that28.Thedaysaregone______physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.when B.that C.where D.which29.Severalmonthsago,policeinBeijinglookedintoseveralcrimecases________personalinformationhadbeenillegallyaccessed.A.which B.where C.whose D.that30.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity________Iknow.A.it B.where C.that D.which31.Thevillagers,________hadbeenwashedawaybytheflood,receivedthegovernment'said.A.alltheirproperties B.alloftheirpropertiesC.allwhoseproperties D.allofwhoseproperties32.Trytoavoidsuchthings________willdoyouharm,unlessyoudon'tcareabouttherumorsfromalldirections.A.that B.as C.which D.asthat33.Theexcitementofdivingintotheseaishardtoexplainto________hasn’tdoneit.A.anyone B.thosewho C.whoeverthat D.someonewho34.Israelhasnotannouncedtheextent________itiswillingtowithdrawfromtheGolanHeights.A.that B.inwhich C.where D.towhich35.Two“stolen”notebookswrittenbyCharlesDarwinwereleftanonymouslyinabrightpinkgiftbag________theoriginalbluebox________thenotebookswerekeptinandaplainbrownenvelope.A.containing,where B.tocontain,which C.containing,/ D.tocontain,that36.Thecloserelationshipamongdefensecontractors,thePentagon(美國(guó)五角大樓)andpoliticianshasbecomeaUSmonster________seeksunceasingwaroverpeacefulcoexistence.A.who B.that C.forwhich D.whose37.Thereareawidevarietyofpiecesofmusic_________childrencandanceformeto_________.A.towhich;choosefrom B.withwhich;chooseC.withwhich;choosefrom D.towhich;choose38.ItisoneofthemostsurprisingmomentsinOscarshistory________actorWillSmithwalkedonstageandslappedChrisRockforajoke________RockmadeaboutSmith’swife’shair.A.which...that B.that...when C.when...that D.that...which39.Vancouverisveryinternational.Youcanfindneighborhoods________Greeks,EastIndians,Italians,andChinesecelebratetheircultures.A.where B.which C.whose D.forwhose40.Frommonuments________definehistory,totoweringskyscrapers,toalittleredlighthouseunderahugesuspensionbridge,you’llbetreatedspectacularviews.A.when B.that C.where D.whose二、語(yǔ)法填空1閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。Awomaninbluejeansstoodatthewindowof___41___expensiveshop.Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadress___42___wasinthewindow.Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.___43___(look)atherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedress___44___(sell).Thewomanwalked___45___oftheshopangrilyanddecidedtopunishtheassistantnextday.Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,___46___ahandbaginonehandandalongumbrellaintheother.___47___seekingouttherudeassistantsheaskedforthesamedress.Notrealizingwhoshewas,theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.Withgreat___48___(difficult),heclimbedintotheshopwindowtogetthedress.Assoonasshesawit,thewomansaidshe___49___(not)likeit.Sheenjoyed____50____（she）makingtheassistantbringalmosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinallybuyingthedressshehadfirstaskedfor.2閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Differentcountrieshavewildlydifferentformsofgreeting.IntheUSA,whenyoupassbysomeoneyouknow,anodisacceptable,andyouusuallyshakehandswithsomeoneyoufirstmeet.ButinLatincountries,afirmhandshake___51___(consider)rude.Inmyhomecountry,Mauritius,whenpeoplemeet,theyusuallykisseachother____52____thecheeks.ThisisalsocommoninFrance,____53____theactiscalledfairelabise.However,thisisnot___54___universalrule.DuringmyfirstweekintheUSA,IkissedeverysinglegirlImet.Myfriendshadtotellmethatthatwasinappropriate,___55___(leave)meingreatembarrassment.Whatiscommonhere,however,isforfriends_____56_____(hug)eachother–somethingIwasnotusedto.Hugsalwaysmakeme___57___(frighten)becauseIdon’treallylikethat.Thismayseemstrangesinceevenkissing___58___(stranger)isnormalinmycountry.NowthatIthinkaboutit,Ihatecheek-kissingaswell.Wouldn’titbe____59____(enjoy)tohaveagreetingcodethatis_____60_____(wide)acceptable?I’mnotsayingweshouldstartdoingthat,butwecansurelydosomethingtoavoidmisunderstanding.3Redenvelopeshaveplayed__61__importantpartinChineseNewYearforaslongasanyonecanremember.Sowhat’sthestorybehindtheredenvelopesduringChineseNewYear?Onepopularstory__62__(date)backtotheQinDynasty,whentheelderlywouldthreadcoinsontoaredstring.Thismoney__63__(call)yasuiqianinChinese,meaning“moneyprotectingoneselffromevilspirits”,andwasbelievedtoprotectelderpeoplefromsicknessand__64__(die).Astheprintingpressbecamemorecommon,theyasuiqianwasreplaced__65__redenvelopes.Anotherlegendtellsofavillage__66__ademon(惡魔)wouldterrorizechildrenatnight.Itwasbelievedthatthedemonwouldtouchthechildren’sheadswhiletheywereasleep,__67__(cause)seriousillness.Fromthere,atheoryemergedthatwhentheyprayed,thegodwouldsendeightfairiestoprotectthechild.Thefairieswoulddisguise(偽裝)__68__(they)aseightcoinsandhideunderthechild’spillow.Whenthedemongotclose,thecoinswouldbegintoshinevery__69__(bright),blindingthedemon.Wordbegantospreadandthevillagersstartedgivingredenvelopes__70__(fill)withcoinstoeachothertoputundertheirpillowsatnight.Astimepassed,redenvelopesbecameawaytobringgoodluckandprosperitytothereceiver.4閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Smelltheflowersbeforeyougotosleepandyoumayjustendupwithrosydreams.Haveawhiffofrotten(腐爛的)eggsduringthenightandyourdreamsmaybe____71____(pleasant).SosaysresearcherDr.BorisStuck,____72____invitedsleepingvolunteerstoarosevs.rotteneggtestintheUniversityHospitalMannheiminGermany.Thesubjectsdidn’tdreamaboutroses____73____eggs,butratherhefoundthatwhattheysmeltaffectedtheemotionsof____74____(they)dreams.Andifyouthink____75____(smell)haveasayindreams,waitforwhatTVtellsus.AUKstudyrevealsthatpeopleexposed____76____black-and-whitefilmandTVintheiryoutharetohavemonochromic(單色的)dreamsthroughouttheirlifemore____77____(probable).EvaMurzynfromtheUniversityofDundeetestedtwoagegroups—onehalf____78____(age)over55and____79____otherhalfunder25.Theresult?Under5%ofthedreamsoftheunder-25swereinblackandwhite._____80_____(watch)colorTVinchildhoodseemstobethereasonwhy.三、完成句子81.沒(méi)有錨的船任憑風(fēng)浪擺布；同樣，沒(méi)有責(zé)任感的人被自己粗心草率的行為所左右。Ashipwithoutananchorisatthemercyofthewavesandwinds;likewise,________isatthemercyoftheirowncarelessandthoughtlessbehaviour.82.如有必要，你可以向醫(yī)生求助，從他們那兒你能得到更專業(yè)的幫助。(定從)____________,youcanturntodoctorsforhelp,___________.83.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)不容易的原因是團(tuán)隊(duì)資源有限。Thereason________thiswasdifficult________________theteamhadlimitedresources.84.Theoldscientist,for________lifewashardinthepast,stillworkshardinhiseighties.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）85.眾所周知,無(wú)論電腦如何普及,有些工作得由人工完成。這就是電腦不能完全取代人的原因。________,________popularcomputersare,someworkmustbedonebyhand.________computerscan’tcompletelyreplacehumanbeings.86.Thedirector,___adorm-roomintheFilmAcademy,hasalreadymakefourfilms.(share)這位導(dǎo)演已經(jīng)執(zhí)導(dǎo)了四部電影，在電影學(xué)院求學(xué)時(shí)杰克與他同住在一間寢室。87.你還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎?Doyouremembertheday________youjoinedourclub?88.這就是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。Thisisthehouse________Ilivedtwoyearsago.89.我想讓你解釋一下你缺席的原因。I'dlikeyoutoexplainthereason________youwereabsent.90.這就是我過(guò)去工作的辦公室。Thisistheoffice________Iusedtowork.91.這是我的眼鏡，沒(méi)有它我看不清。Thesearemyglasses,________Icannotseeclearly.92.在漆黑的街上，沒(méi)有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.93.盡管醫(yī)生和護(hù)士們盡了一切努力搶救病人，但他們?nèi)匀粵](méi)使他活過(guò)來(lái)。Althoughthedoctorsandnurses________,theywerestillnotabletobringhimtolife.94.太陽(yáng)發(fā)出光和熱，這使得植物生長(zhǎng)成為可能。(make+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))Thesungivesofflightandheat,________.95.閱讀時(shí)關(guān)注字詞、習(xí)語(yǔ)、句子和語(yǔ)段,其中尤以句子最為重要。Payattentiontowords,idioms,sentencesanddiscourses,________________themostimportantissentences.96.我們之所以選擇這部電影，是因?yàn)樗砹宋覀儗W(xué)校的發(fā)展，這不僅有趣，而且有意義。Thereason_____