高一英語外研版學(xué)案：語法剖析活用ModuleGreatScientists

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精語法·剖析·活用被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語中及物動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化.時(shí)態(tài)一般完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在時(shí)am，is，are+p.p。have（has）been+p.p.am,is，are+beingp.p。過去時(shí)將來時(shí)was，were+p。p.hadbeen+p。p.was，were+beingp。p.過去將來時(shí)will(shall)be+p。p.would(should）be+p。p.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：1。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is/am/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（1）Iamaskedtostudyhard.我被要求要努力學(xué)習(xí)。（2）Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.小刀是用來切東西的。2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（1）Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear。新船去年建成了。(2)Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago。這些恐龍蛋是很久以前下的。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:has/have+been+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（1）Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.這本書已經(jīng)被翻譯成了多國語言.（2）Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries。很多人造衛(wèi)星已經(jīng)被許多國家發(fā)射到太空.4.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:will+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(1)Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity。新醫(yī)院將建在我們城市。（2)Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear。明年將栽種更多的樹木.5.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（1）Thedoormaybelockedinside.這道門可能從里面被鎖上了。（2）Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow。你的作業(yè)可以明天交。6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are+being+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（1)MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow。湯姆現(xiàn)在在修理我的自行車。(2）Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem。他們正在那邊種樹。7。不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：to+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(1）Therearetwobookstoberead.有兩本書要讀。（2）Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.有另外20棵樹要種植。怎樣把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)？把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)非常簡單,可以遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟：1。先找出謂語動(dòng)詞;2。再找出謂語動(dòng)詞后的賓語；3。把賓語用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語;4。注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。(1)LiMeiwritesalettereveryweek。→AletteriswrittenbyLiMeieveryweek。（2）Tommendedthebrokenbikethismorning.→ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyTomthismorning.（3）Shehaswrittentwonovelssofar?！鶷wonovelshavebeenwrittenbyhersofar。（4）Theoldmanwillplanttentreestomorrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbyhimtomorrow.（5）ChenHuiiswritingaletternow?！鶤letterisbeingwrittenbyChenHui.（6）Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave。→Thedoormustbelockedwhenyouleave.使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：1。不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。（1)Whatwillhappenin100years？在100年里將會(huì)發(fā)生什么？（2）Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.大約六千五百萬年前恐龍就滅絕了.2。有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。（1）Thispenwriteswell。這枝筆很好用。（2）Thisnewbooksellswell.這本新書很暢銷。3.感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),須加上to。(1）Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.（2）Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork?！鶷helittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss。4.如果是接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語（物)作主語,那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定.(1）Shegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyher.（2)Sheshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyher。5.一些動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。（1）Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan'tbelaughatbyus.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.【活學(xué)活用】16。選擇填空1）Hunderedsofjobs___________ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB。willbelost C。arelost D。willlose2)TheOlympicGames,________in776BC，didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912。A。firstplaying B.tobefirstplayed C。firstplayed D。tobefirstplaying3）Thissentenceneeds________.A.aimprovement B。improve C.toimprove D.tobeimproved4）Ishouldlikeverymuchtohavegonetotheparty,butI________invited。A。amnot B。haven'tbeen C.wasnot D.willnotbe5)—________thenote________toMr。Smith?-No,Itisstillinmypocket。A.Is；beinggiven B。Was;givenC。Has；beengiven D.Hasn’t;given6)Ipromisethatthematterwill________.A。betakencare B.betakencareofC。takecare D.takecareof7）ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics_____by2006。A.hasbeencompleted B.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompleted D.willhavecompleted8）Greatchanges________inthecity,andalotoffactories.A.havebeentakenplace；havebeensetup B。havetakenplace；havebeensetupC。havetakenplace；havesetup D。weretakenplace；weresetup9）Mostoftheartists________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica。A.invited B。toinvite C。beinginvited D。hadbeeninvited答案與解析：1）Blosejobs“失業(yè)”.主語是jobs，謂語要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。條件句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來.2）C要表達(dá)“被舉行"，只能在B、C兩項(xiàng)中選。B項(xiàng)“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in776BC這一過去時(shí)間,只有C項(xiàng)firstplayed(＝whichwasfirstplayed)才合適。故答案為C項(xiàng)。3）D初看此題選A項(xiàng),但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，和require，want一樣,后面可跟doing或tobedone表示“需要被……”。如:Thedoorneeds/wants/requirespainting/tobepainted。(這扇門需要漆一下.）4）Cshould/wouldliketohavedonesth.本想做某事，如:Ishouldliketohaveseenthefilm，butitwasn’tpossible.（我本想看電影,但是不可能。）由于這種句式表示“過去想干某事",所以but后的句子也應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是C項(xiàng).5）C根據(jù)問句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結(jié)果，故要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).6）Btakecareof。。。是固定短語。所以此題答案為B項(xiàng)。7）C介詞by后接表示將來的時(shí)間時(shí),句子的謂