英語(yǔ)句子成分和英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)句子成分和英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類(lèi)例句主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語(yǔ)Both of us like English.表語(yǔ)與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征同主語(yǔ)Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語(yǔ)

2、或句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等She always keeps the house clean.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)！v 簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型v 主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞 She came. v 主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) She likes English.v 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞

3、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) She is happyv 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.v 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.v 主謂賓 v 名代動(dòng)詞名代 we- saw -you. we- did -the work. v 主系表 v 名代系動(dòng)詞形容次名詞代詞you are beautiful you seems worried. you are a stufent. v 相同點(diǎn)都三部分，主語(yǔ)也

4、一樣 不同動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)一樣，否定式不同動(dòng)詞加助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞不用 表語(yǔ)可以是形容詞，賓語(yǔ)不行 只有賓語(yǔ)有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)v 2、句子成分：英語(yǔ)句子成分分為七種：v 主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。v 1、主語(yǔ)是句子所要說(shuō)的人或事物,回答是“誰(shuí)”或者“什么”。通常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：Im Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)v 2、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),回答“做(什么)”。主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打掃房間)v 3、表語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞之后,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容

5、詞擔(dān)任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) v 4、賓語(yǔ)表示及物動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象或結(jié)果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼這個(gè)詞)v 有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),一個(gè)指物,一個(gè)指人。指物的叫直接賓語(yǔ),指人的叫間接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫(xiě)了一封信)v 有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語(yǔ)前構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),放在直接賓語(yǔ)后面,來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫(xiě)了一封信)5、定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞,通常由

6、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是個(gè)大城市)6、狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,通常由副詞擔(dān)任。He works hard .(他工作努力)7、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)怎么樣或干什么,通常由形容詞或動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。They usually keep their classroom clean.(他們通常讓教室保持清潔) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常幫我做功課) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老師要我自學(xué)法語(yǔ))8、同位語(yǔ)通常

7、緊跟在名詞、代詞后面,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明它的情況。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同學(xué)湯姆在哪里？)主語(yǔ)（subject）：句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞） Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. （動(dòng)名詞） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主語(yǔ)從句） It is very clear that the el

8、ephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)）(一）指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.謂語(yǔ)（pre

9、dicate）：是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述，表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語(yǔ)的后面。We study English. He is asleep.(二). 選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. us

10、ually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon3. 表語(yǔ)（predicative）：系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher. （名詞） You dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞）He is asleep. （形容詞）His father is in. （副詞） The picture is on the wa

11、ll. (介詞短語(yǔ))My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞）The question is whether they will come. （表語(yǔ)從句）常見(jiàn)連系動(dòng)詞1. “存在”類(lèi):表示存在或具有某種特征或狀態(tài).這類(lèi)連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“存在”。常見(jiàn)的有:be(是),look(看起來(lái)),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證明是),smell(聞起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái)),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))等。2. 例如: The story sounds true. 3. Those oranges taste good

12、 star. 2. “持續(xù)”類(lèi):表示某種情況或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)。這類(lèi)連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“持續(xù)”。常見(jiàn)的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續(xù)、仍舊),stand(處于某狀況或情形)等。例如: Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days. Its already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. Whats the matter? v 3. “變化”類(lèi):表示由一種情況或狀態(tài)變化成另一種情況或狀態(tài)。

13、這類(lèi)連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“變化”后的情況或狀態(tài).常見(jiàn)的有:become(變成), turn(變成), grow(變得), get(變得)等。v 例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.(三) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ) The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was t

14、he first to learn about it. tired worried yellow interested first 4. 賓語(yǔ)：1）動(dòng)賓表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：I like China. （名詞） He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）I enjoy working with you. （動(dòng)名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語(yǔ)從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)

15、名詞-介賓 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）雙賓語(yǔ)-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some moneyv (四) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ) My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How man

16、y new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.his homework English your pronunciation new words to go swimmingv 5. 賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。We elected him monitor. （名詞） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名詞）We will make them happy. （形容詞）We foun

17、d nobody in. ( 副詞 )Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語(yǔ)） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞）Ill have my bike repaired. （過(guò)去分詞）v 擴(kuò)展：v 主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。v He was elected monitor. v She was found singing in the next roo

18、m.v He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.v (五) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)v She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.v He asked her to take the boy out of school.v She found it difficult to do the work.v They call me Lily sometimes.v I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.v Did you s

19、ee Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?v to read newspapers and books in the reading-room to take the boy out of schoolv Lily get on the bus playing football on the playgroundv 劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)v Please tell us a story.v My father bought a new bike for me last week.v Mr. Li is going to

20、teach us history next term.v Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.v Did he leave any message for me?v 6. 定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。v Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞）v He is our friend. （代詞）v We belong to the third world.（數(shù)詞） v He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）v The man over there is my old

21、 friend.(副詞)v The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)v The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）v The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過(guò)去分詞）v I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） v You should do everything that I do. （定語(yǔ)從句）v (六) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)v They use Mr., Mrs. with the

22、family name.v What is your given name?v On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.v I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.v The man downstairs was trying to sleep. family given third some downstairsv 7. 狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）v I will go the

23、re tomorrow. v The meeting will be held in the meeting room.v The meat went bad because of the hot weather. v He studies hard to learn English well.v He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. v I like some of you very much.v If you study hard, you will pass the exam. v He goes to school by

24、bike.v Though he is young, he can do it well.v (七) 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)v There was a big smile on her face.v Every night he heard the noise upstairs.v He began to learn English when he was eleven.v The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.v With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.v on the face Every night when he was eleven fast With the medicine box under her arm v 八、同位語(yǔ)v 當(dāng)一個(gè)概念詞在前，后面的詞、詞組或者句子是在解釋前者時(shí)，而且兩者的語(yǔ)法功能相同，后者就是前者的同位語(yǔ)。v Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player. v 我們的英語(yǔ)老師布萊克先生是個(gè)優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)球手。v Football, the only interest in life, has brou