八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

1、湘教版初二英語(yǔ)（八年級(jí)）上冊(cè)期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納第一部分 單元短語(yǔ)與句型Unit 1I saw you play basketball almost every day.通常Hey, look! Can you see Michael dancing in the zoo? 正在進(jìn)行Listen, someone is singing in the next room.正在進(jìn)行Look, a car is driving towards us. 正在進(jìn)行Would you like to come and cheer us on?=Do you want to come and cheer us o

2、n?I hope our team will win. win first place得第一名, win gold medals 獲得金牌play it pretty well,pretty/very cold/small/big很，相當(dāng), play it more quietly/loudlydo well in = be good at+sth/doing sth擅長(zhǎng)做某事（反義）do badly in, Do you row much（經(jīng)常）? Yes, quite a bit./No, seldom.make ones bed整理床鋪，have a fight, keep trying

3、 say sorry to sb對(duì)某人說(shuō)對(duì)不起，I am sorry to hear that. I am sorry about that.I am sorry for what I said.(原因)I am sorry for breaking you cup=I am sorry I broke your cup. Never mind=It doesnt matter.be angry with sb. Dont be angry with me. She is angry with her mother.start to do sth/doing sth=begin to do s

4、th/begin doing sth開(kāi)始做某事He speak so loudly that we can hear him clearly.以至于He ran so fast that he won the game. throw/put sth into sth else把某東西放進(jìn)另外的東西里面obey/follow the trafficrules反義break the rulesFollow me 跟我來(lái) Can you follow me?=understandhave fun doing sth從做某事中得到樂(lè)趣 make fun of sb取笑某人build me up/ bu

5、ild ourselves up=make me/us strongtry/do ones best盡最大的努力，try to do sth試圖做某事， manage to do sth設(shè)法做某事make friends with sb, during the sports meet 在校運(yùn)會(huì)期間be ready for+n. I am ready for the exam.我準(zhǔn)備好考試了。be ready to do sth She is always ready to help others. 她總是樂(lè)于助人。Our school will hold a sport meet next w

6、eek.= There will be a sports meet in our school next week.pass the exam通過(guò)考試, pass/cross the finishing line越過(guò)終點(diǎn)線take/do exercise=do sportsin the 29th Beijing Olympic Games=in the 2008 Olympics The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games.The Olympic rings stand for the Olympic Games.the flag o

7、f China， the Chinese flagThe motto of the Olympic Games is “Faster, higher, stronger.”Unit2Whats wrong with you?=Whats the matter with you? Whats up?Do you have a cold?get/have a fever/a cough/ a cold/a sore throat/a toothache/a backache/a stomachacheI have a headache=I have a pain in my head. have

8、sore eyes/the flulook pale/tired, feel terrible, take some medicine藥/pills藥片，get/be well I dont feel like eating. I cough day and night. check/look it over=examine it檢查它How are you feeling today? Much better/ Just so-so/Not too bad/ Too bad.Dont move your leg too much. You shouldnt eat too much food

9、. There are too many things to do(太多事要做). Its too big. Its much too big.fall-have an accident and hurt-call a taxi/taketo the hospital-stay in bed-get well-return homeBut my left leg still hurts when I move it. cause cancer導(dǎo)致癌癥the possible causes原因/reasons理由 of headaches可能導(dǎo)致/引起頭痛的原因/理由Germs can get

10、into the human body through the skin, the nose and the mouth. Be sick/ill=have an illness/a sickness/a diseaseWhat should we do to fight germs?不定式表目的“來(lái)” We shouldnt eat bad food or sour milk(否定并列用or). We should wash hands before meals and keep fingernails short.(肯定用and) We mustnt spit in public. We

11、must keep our bodies clean.have the right kinds of food, choose the wrong food, choose to give up選擇放棄 eat more fruit and less meatWe can learn English in different ways=There are many ways for us to learn English. FirstlySecondlyThirdlyFinally，finally=at last= in the end最后take your advice接受你的建議. How

12、 much is it? Its 40. Fine, I will take it= buy it. What should we do to fight SARS? We must eat healthy food. Must we do more exercise? Yes,you must. /否定回答No, you neednt. Its my duty to save patients=My duty is to save patients. on the phone/radio/Internet, on TV(通過(guò))使用某機(jī)器Unit 3Nice/Glad/Happy/Please

13、d to see you. learn a lot about famous people from the stamps=learn a lot from the stamps about famous people從郵票可以了解很多有關(guān)于名人（的事跡）be of+抽象名詞=be +對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞in ones spare time=in ones free time= when sb. is free=when sb. have timeread a book/read books go out/eat out出去/下館子do some indoor/outdoor activities做些

14、室內(nèi)/戶外活動(dòng)give/bring sb. happiness/sadness/good luck keep/make sb happy/ sad /clean/share my interests. I want to share an apple with you.Do you want to share a story with us? draw/piant picturesThe teacher is giving an English lesson while the students are having/taking the English lesson.give a conce

15、rt開(kāi)演唱會(huì) in a theater, at a concert, in a cinema,be angry with sbWhat time is it going to start? Who is going to sing?It sounds beautiful/pleasant/wonderful/sweet.Classical music is serious music. Popular music often comes and goes quickly. Folk music is simple but special.form a band/a company, set u

16、p/found a band成立、組樂(lè)隊(duì)，find找-found過(guò)去式all over the world=in the world=around the world全世界They are very popular among young people.他們?cè)谌藗冎泻芰餍小ARS spreads easily among people/children. 非典在人群中容易傳播。make sb do sth. I made faces and made my classmates laugh when Miss Wang was giving a lesson. on that day， ma

17、ke Saturday a holiday, make sb. happyin the 1950s 在二十世紀(jì)五十年代（the不可以少）, stop working停止工作Unit 4talk about life in the city, the beauties of nature自然美control the climate調(diào)節(jié)氣候In the countryside, the air is fresher, the sky is bluer, and there are also green trees and clearer rivers. life in the city/ coun

18、tryside/ the suburbs，We need them so much. 我們?nèi)绱说匦枰鼈?。很thousands of people成千上萬(wàn)的人(約數(shù)) 類似詞有hundred, million(百萬(wàn)), score（二十）, dozen（一打，十二）one/two/three thousand and fifty people 一/兩/三千零五十人（準(zhǔn)確數(shù)字）Humans need water to drink, to cook and to clean.(不定式表目的“來(lái)”)Actually/In fact事實(shí)上, we need money to use.Without m

19、oney, we cant live. Save water/money節(jié)約， save ones life, save the patients 救病人feed/live on sth. 以。為食in/out of danger處于危險(xiǎn)中/脫離危險(xiǎn)， in/out of trouble遇上麻煩/擺脫困境people/animals in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中的人/動(dòng)物，dangerous people/animals危險(xiǎn)的人/動(dòng)物We use knives for cutting things(for介詞加ing).=We use knives to cut things(to為不定式).

20、 pay attention to sb./sth.注意。begin with 以。開(kāi)頭 give it a try=have a trythe first letter of the wordfind pleasure in doing sth從做某事中找到樂(lè)趣 類似have fun (in)doing sthas we know 眾所周知， 大家都知道， such as例如, build as 建樓房當(dāng)作, regardas把。當(dāng)作，但mistakefor把。誤認(rèn)為one of the oldest countries（復(fù)數(shù)）the ancient world/times古時(shí)候的世界，遠(yuǎn)古

21、時(shí)代be made up of 由組成第二部分 主要語(yǔ)法分析和例子1. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)be going to/will+動(dòng)詞原形（包括be）We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three this Sunday.將來(lái)時(shí)What are you going to be when you grow up? What do you want to be in the future?Im going to be a dancer.I want to be a dancer.There be 的將來(lái)時(shí)There is going to b

22、e/There will be, 過(guò)去式There was/were, There used to be過(guò)去常常, 現(xiàn)在時(shí)There is/are2. used to do sth肯定used to do sth過(guò)去習(xí)慣/常常做某事否定 used not to do/ didnt use to do sth 疑問(wèn)句Did use to do?What hobbies did you use to have? I used to go roller skating.What hobbies do you have now? Well, I play the guitar.Where did yo

23、u use to go swimming? I used to swim in a small pond. She used to enjoy listening to music, but now she doesnt like it. She prefers to sing. I used to be a student. But now I am an office worker.I didnt use to play sports, but now I like it. 3. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at this time yesterday， from 7:00 to 9:00 yes

24、terday evening過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間段正What were you doing at this time yesterday?I was taking a shower/bath.What was Michael doing from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday evening?He was reading.4. 一般情況下，when+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/過(guò)去時(shí)，while+現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)The telephone rings while Jane is practising the violin.=When the telephone rings, Jane is pract

25、ising the violin.(while后接持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，When接短暫性動(dòng)作, 響鈴只是瞬間的動(dòng)作。)What was the mouse doing when the cat knocked at the door?What was the cat doing when the mouse came out of the bathroom?What was the mouse doing when the cat found him?What were they doing when the sky was high?Father was still sleeping when I g

26、ot up yesterday morning. While she was trying to call for help, he woke up.Were you playing on the computer?Yes, I was./No, I wasnt.plan, want, hope, believe都沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，think做“認(rèn)為”解時(shí)也沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)，做“思考”解時(shí)有進(jìn)行時(shí)5. 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)表單件事情做主語(yǔ)，已經(jīng)名詞化相當(dāng)于名詞，不是動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)：Getting up early is good for us. Going to bed late is bad for our

27、health.Playing sports right after meals is bad for our health.Breakfast gives you energy for the morning. Water is necessary for our health. 不只一件事情做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)：Healthy eating haits and running are good for us. Water and rice are necessary for our health.6使用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞practice/mind/enjoy/love/keep+doing s

28、th/sth,使用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞start/begin/like/prefer/hate/continue+to do/doing sth/sthask/want/would like/teach/encourage/order sb. to do sth請(qǐng)求/想/教/鼓勵(lì)某人做某事I want /would like to drink a cup of coffee. I want/would like to be a scientist/musician/doctor/teacher/an artist. 最喜歡My favorite hobby is reading novels

29、. I like reading novels best.比較喜歡I prefer singing to dancing. I like to sing better than to dance.有些喜歡I like reading a little. Fishing is very interesting. I am interested in reading. I love reading. I am fond of climbing the mountains. 不喜歡I dont like listening to music. I dislike listening to music

30、.討厭I dont like rock music at all. I dont like listening to rock music. I hate classical music/I hate listening to classical music/I hate to listen to classical music. 7. 形容詞1.名詞前用形容詞做定語(yǔ)a good boy, a beautiful girl2.連系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞feel/be/get tired感覺(jué)累，feel well, look fit/nice/handsome1）變得grow/become/turn/g

31、et2）be動(dòng)詞：am/is/are, was/were, will be3）感官動(dòng)詞sound, look, feel, taste3.不定代詞something, nothing, anything 等后面的形容詞做后置定語(yǔ)。Its nothing serious. I have something important to tell you.There is something new in the newspaper.There is nothing special in this dress.Is there anything wrong with your computer?The

32、re is something wrong with my computer.Something is wrong with your computer. My computer doesnt work. 比較級(jí)的常用句式A+ be +形容詞比較級(jí)+than +B.(A與B 必須是同類事物，相對(duì)稱)， 但有時(shí)be動(dòng)詞會(huì)變成其他連系動(dòng)詞做表語(yǔ)It sounds more beautiful，或者有時(shí)是have之后的形容詞修飾名詞做定語(yǔ)She has more money than me， 有時(shí)形容詞修飾名詞也位于句首A bigger car came一輛更大的車(chē)開(kāi)過(guò)來(lái)了， 有時(shí)是I still

33、have something more interesting to tell you next time?？傊苡眯稳菰~的地方都能用其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，只是意思更進(jìn)一級(jí)。The weather in the south is warmer than that in the north。（that指天氣）The life in the countryside is quieter than that in the city. （that指生活）many/much 的比較級(jí)更多more food,但是 more interestingpopular中的more+多音節(jié)形容詞原級(jí)是構(gòu)成比較級(jí)的形式，

34、more本身不是many 或者much 的比較級(jí)。使用的時(shí)候不能用more+另一個(gè)形容詞的比較級(jí)。few 的比較級(jí)fewer接可數(shù)名詞, fewer books， little的比較級(jí)接不可數(shù)名詞less and less land, less moneymost 只能用與多音節(jié)形容詞原級(jí)前，如the most wonderful/beautiful/popularmuch more interesting/important更有趣/重要；a little colder/warmer比較冷/暖一點(diǎn)多于，超過(guò)：more than =over, over/ more than +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可

35、數(shù)名詞少于 less than +不可數(shù)名詞， fewer than +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)越來(lái)越more and more popular, bigger and bigger，higher and higher8.反意疑問(wèn)句 句式：1前肯，后否？2。前否，后肯？（順序?yàn)椤扒爸骱笾^，后謂前主？”）反意部分不能有名詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，只能用代詞指代。幾種特殊的：1.must當(dāng)做“必須”解時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用mustnt +代詞？must當(dāng)做“必要”解時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用neednt +代詞？must當(dāng)做猜測(cè)，“想必”解時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用isnt +代詞？He must be tired, isnt he?2.陳述部分有few,

36、 little, no, not等表否定的詞語(yǔ),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定.3.祈使句，疑問(wèn)部分用will you?Let us 也用will you? 但是Lets, shall we?I am your friend, arent I?（不能有arent you）I dont think he can swim, can he?(主句是think，疑問(wèn)部分用臨近句子的主謂)There is a book on the desk, isnt there?Jim lived in London, didnt he? lived的否定形式Jim didnt live in London,There is n

37、obody in the room, is there? nobody 是否定Everyone is here today, arent they?9.介意句型Would you mind helping me ?你介意幫我個(gè)忙嗎？Would you mind not opening the window?你介意/可不可以不要開(kāi)窗？Would you mind my opening the window/me smoking here?我開(kāi)窗戶可以嗎？你介意我開(kāi)窗戶嗎？回答如果允許，表示不介意，那么就用Of course not/Certainly not/ Not at all. 不允許，介

38、意,Sorry, youd better not/ youd better ask somebody else/smoke somewhere else.miss a chance/ a goal/the bus錯(cuò)過(guò)機(jī)會(huì)/球門(mén)/班車(chē)10.詢問(wèn)觀點(diǎn)What do you think of the movie?How do you like the movie?表達(dá)見(jiàn)解I think its interesting and exciting.同意I agree with you/I think so/I have the same feeling. 不同意I dont agree with you

39、/ I disagree with you/I dont think so/Im afraid not.I think its boring.Which kind of animal do you like better, the panda or the dog.I like the dog better because it is more lovely.Which animal do you like best, monkeys, tigers or the lions?I like monkeys best of all. Which sport do you prefer?=Whic

40、h sport do you like better?Whats your favorite sport? =What sport do you like best?My favorite sport is soccer.Whos your favorite player?My favorite sport is Yaoming.What do you usually do in your spare time?What kind of music do you like best?確定Im quite sure there are UFOs. 不確定Even scientists arent

41、 sure whether/if there are UFOs 11.電話用語(yǔ)call/phone sb=ring sb. up, make a phone call, phone ones home/officecall me back回電話給我， extension 分機(jī)This is speaking.這邊是。Whos this/that?那邊是誰(shuí)？May I speak to ?我能跟某某人通話嗎？Im sorry she is not in/she is out/ she is not here.She is busy now. Wait a moment/ Just a momen

42、t/ Hold on/Hold the line.稍等May I take a message for you?你能幫我捎個(gè)口信嗎？give him the message=give the message to him給他口信Can you leave a message? 你能留言嗎？=.I will take a message for you.What shall I take with me? Youd better take an umbrella with you.When and where shall we meet? Lets meet at the school gate

43、 at 6:30 tomorrow morning.Shall we meet at the bus station? See you later/soon. See you.12.感嘆句How exciting the concert was! What an exciting concert is!How tall the boy is! What a tall boy he is! How popular his songs are!13.以how 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句How tall is he? =Whats his height?He is 2.26 meters tall.How o

44、ften do you go to the English corner? Twice a week.How much is the dress? Its 50 yuan.How far is it from here to the park? Its about two kilometers away. You need to take a bus.How long is the bridge? Its 300 meters long.How long will you stay in Beijing? For two weeks.How many sheep/apples are ther

45、e? There are fifty.have a good time=enjoy oneself14.表示建議，請(qǐng)求許可Why not go shopping tomorrow?Lets go shopping tomorrow.Shall we go shopping tomorrow?How about going shopping tomorrow?Youd better stay in bed/go to see a doctor.Youd better not go to school today.You should drink lots of boiled water./You

46、 shouldnt watch TV so long.祈使句否定Dont move your leg too much. 肯定Stay in bed and have a good rest.15可以接反身代詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：hurt/enjoy/wash/teach/help oneself, build oneself up. 可接反身代詞做賓語(yǔ)的介詞by oneself(由)，take care of oneself, look after oneself16.名詞所有格womens table tennis, boys 100-meter race,Chinas national tea

47、m17. show, say, know, believe, tell后面接一個(gè)從句（主謂，主前謂后）或不定式作賓語(yǔ)。I think you will enjoy them.I think they are just so-so.He thinks it sounds wonderful.He thinks playing the drums is exciting.He says violin music is his favorite. The article says smoking is bad for our health.Can you tell me where the bus

48、station is? I believe you will win next time.Do you know who is the most popular singer? The X-ray shows its nothing serious.第三部分詞語(yǔ)辨析1.參加take part in/be in/ join in+活動(dòng) 參加活動(dòng) take part in the long jumpjoin the school rowing club加入組織be/play for/against sth支持/反對(duì)某人/某事效力They both play for the Houston Rock

49、ets in the NBA. 反義詞play againt對(duì)陣2.花費(fèi)人+spend some time/money on sth/in doing sth花費(fèi)時(shí)間或者金錢(qián)在某事上/做某事人+pay some money for sth物+cost/ take help sb (to) do something=do sb. a favor=give sb a hand3.到達(dá)reach/ get to/arrive in/at+地點(diǎn)， in為大地點(diǎn)，in Beijing, at為小地點(diǎn) at home4.著名be famous for China is famous for the Gre

50、at Wall. 因。而聞名be famous as Chongqing is famous as the Moutain City.稱之為，美譽(yù)5.like動(dòng)詞喜歡feel like doing sth 喜歡做某事like介詞像look like看起來(lái)像 sound like聽(tīng)起來(lái)像 smell like聞起來(lái)像, taste like嘗起來(lái)像.6.看look look up a word in a dictionary查單詞look like看起來(lái)像, look at看一看, look for尋找, look over檢查, look after7.借I can lend you some

51、 tapes of her songs. 主語(yǔ)借出We often borrow books from the library.主語(yǔ)借進(jìn)Can I borrow your bike?我能借你的自行車(chē)嗎？=Can you lend me your bike?=Can you lend your bike to me? 你可以借你的車(chē)給我嗎？8.照顧動(dòng)詞care for the patients 照顧病人，名詞take care of sb/oneself, 形容詞Be careful當(dāng)心（反）careless9. 猜測(cè)Collecting stamps must be great fun. 收集郵票想必很有