非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法講解ppt課件

1、精選,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 語(yǔ)法講解,Non-finite,精選,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的類型:,Infinitive 不定式,Gerund 動(dòng)名詞,Participle 分詞,Non-finite,精選,Structure :,to be done,Infinitive:,to do,Negative (否定):,not to do,Passive voice:,精選,(1). 主語(yǔ) Subject,不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后, 用it作形式主語(yǔ).,To get enough sleep at night is important.,It_.,It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.,I

2、t is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.,It takes sb +time to do.,Non-finite,is important to get enough sleep at night,精選,1.吸煙對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是不好的。,It is not good for you to smoke.,2.和你一起共進(jìn)晚餐很愉快。,It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.,It only took two years to complete the project.,3.完成這項(xiàng)工程只花了二年時(shí)間。,鞏固練習(xí)1,精選,

3、(2). 表語(yǔ) Predicative,My job,Your task _(努力學(xué)習(xí)).,is to study hard,Non-finite,To see is to believe.,to teach you English.,精選,These days everyone wants to get rich fast.,(3) 賓語(yǔ) Object,常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:,fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.,+ to do,Non-finite,like to do,ma

4、nage to do,精選,think consider find make feel,形式賓語(yǔ),4.我希望很快收到你的信。,I hope to hear from you soon.,5.我決定不留下來(lái)。,I decided not to stay.,6.學(xué)生們認(rèn)為玩電腦游戲很有趣。,Students thought_.,7.她覺(jué)得沒(méi)有沒(méi)有必要和他辯論。,She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.,it interesting to play computer games.,it + adj.+ to do,鞏固練習(xí)2,精選,The teach

5、er told me to clean the blackboard.,(4). 賓補(bǔ) Complement,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二聽(tīng),listen to,hear,一感覺(jué):,feel,當(dāng)遇到下列動(dòng)詞時(shí),不定式省略to:,allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等.,Non-finite,醫(yī)生建議他去南方.,The doctor advised him to go to the sou

6、th.,+ sb to do,精選,I made him do his work.,He _by me.,See sb do sth,-,sb be seen to do,He was seen _ from the tree and get hurt. fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen,改錯(cuò): He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.,to talk,was made to do his work,精選,(5). 定語(yǔ) Attributive,(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞, 則不定式中要有介詞.),H

7、e is looking for_.（一間可以住的房子）,There is nothing_.,*我想要幾本書在旅途中看。,Id like_.,a few books to read during the journey,-What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. A. school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study,to worry about,The topics to be discussed

8、 at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.,（沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心的）,a room to live in,精選,I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.,(6) 狀語(yǔ) Adverbial,in order to , so as to ,1.表目的,2.表原因,We were very excited to hear the news.,3.表結(jié)果,This room is big enough to hold us.,enoughto, toot

9、o, only to, etc.,He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.,Non-finite,精選,1._ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21題,鞏固練習(xí)2,翻譯：1935年,他離開(kāi)家再也沒(méi)回來(lái)。,In 1935 he left home never to return.,精選,1. 作主語(yǔ),2. 作表語(yǔ),3. 作賓語(yǔ),4. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),5. 作定語(yǔ)

10、,6. 作狀語(yǔ),在句中承擔(dān)的成分:,精選,Tense and Voice （時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)）,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,-,to have been doing,-,精選,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). He pretended to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/發(fā)生在它之后.),(在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行),(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前),精選,1.Th

11、e boy pretended _ when his mother entered. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read,2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told,鞏固練習(xí)3,精選,3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first c

12、omputer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay. A. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave,精選,who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。,我不知道是否要接受邀請(qǐng)。,I do

13、nt know whether to accept the invitation or not.,(賓語(yǔ)),How to solve the problem is very important.,(主語(yǔ)),如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。,我的問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始。,My question is when to start.,(表語(yǔ)),Non-finite,不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用:,精選,關(guān)于省略,(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過(guò),下文要 省略該動(dòng)詞.,e.g.: Would you like to go with me ?,(2). 不定式是to be 結(jié)構(gòu), be 不可省.,e.g.: Would y

14、ou like to be a teacher?,A. Id like to B.Id like to go,Yes, _.,Non-finite,A.Id like to be. B. Id like to.,Yes,_.,精選,1. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use. A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned,2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. n

15、ot to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,鞏固練習(xí)4,精選,不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to, 相反則帶to.,(1). She could do nothing but _ .(cry) (2). I have no choice but_. (go) (3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep),cry,to go,to do,sleep,Non-finite,精選,Exercise,精選,(eat, g

16、ive up, finish, explain, tell) 1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.,to give up,explaining/to be explained,to be finished,not to eat,3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.,4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.,2.The sentence wants_ once more.

17、,5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.,to have told,精選,1. (MET92 14) -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going,2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (MET94 22) A. ride; ride B. ri

18、ding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding,精選,4. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,3. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海14) to pursue B. persuading C

19、. being persuaded D. be persuaded,精選,5. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D.

20、 dont make,精選,7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see 8. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. why,精選,9. Paul doesnt hav

21、e to be made _. He always works hard. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning,10.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off,精選,11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a rep

22、ort. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone,12. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,精選,13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 14. The te

23、acher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make,精選,不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語(yǔ)之后。,1. 不定式做定語(yǔ)與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：,(1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 I have a lot of work to do. (2)主謂關(guān)系 He is always the first to come. (3)同位關(guān)系 We all have a chance to go to college.,精選,固定句型:,had better+ (not) do s

24、th. 最好（不）做某事 Why (not) do sth.? prefer to do/prefer doing prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B would rather (not) do sth. would rather do A than (do) B would rather + 句子（過(guò)去式） （虛擬語(yǔ)氣） 要做,精選,注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法,*在the first, the second，the last和only之后，只能用to do。 如：He was

25、 the last to leave the classroom *如果understand，realize, know用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用to do。 如：I began to understand the truth *表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用in order not to do或so as not to do。 如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()Not to be seen, he came in

26、to the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seen *so as to do一般不放在句首。 ()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning,精選,My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor heal

27、th. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up 2.The sentence wants _ once more. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining 3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic. having been B. to have been C. to be D. being,B,D,C,精選,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful clo

28、th _ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave 5.I found the German language hard _. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn 6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it of

29、f,B,D,C,精選,7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made 8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. school t

30、o study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study,B,A,精選,9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished 1

31、1.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go,B,D,B,精選,12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night. To make B. Made C. Making D. To have made 13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food. beg B. be

32、gging C. begged D. to beg 14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read,A,A,C,精選,Exercise,精選,1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 2. The purpo

33、se of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make 3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,精選,4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old coup

34、le, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see 5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it 6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken gl

35、ass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. why,精選,7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 9. The boy wanted to ri

36、de his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,精選,10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating 11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to f

37、inish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,精選,13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D.

38、taking 14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make,精選,1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. 3.I want him to see you.

39、4.My hope is to see you. 5.He is the man to see you. 6.Im glad to see you. 7.I went to see you. 8.He went so early as to see you 9. To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you. 10. How to solve this problem is very important.,（作主語(yǔ)）,(作賓語(yǔ)）,（作賓補(bǔ)）,(作表語(yǔ)）,（作定語(yǔ)）,（作原因狀語(yǔ)）,（作目的狀語(yǔ)）,（作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）,獨(dú)立成分,和疑問(wèn)詞連用,精選,Geru

40、nd,一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing,二. 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),making,having made (不作定語(yǔ)）,being made,having been made (不作定語(yǔ),精選,三. 在句中承擔(dān)的成分:,1. 作主語(yǔ),2. 作賓語(yǔ),3. 作定語(yǔ),4. 作表語(yǔ),精選,Collecting information is very important to business.,1.作主語(yǔ):,Seeing is believing.,e.g.,-What made him so unhappy? -_ the ticket for the footb

41、all match.,Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. Losing,Key : _,D,Losing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappy,精選,對(duì)著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒(méi)用的。 Crying over the spilt milk is no use. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 類似的還有： It is no good doing sth. It is no use doing sth.,精選,I enjo

42、y learning English. How about meeting outside the theatre?,2.作賓語(yǔ):,Vt. Prep.,+,doing,精選,下列動(dòng)詞通常用ing形式作賓語(yǔ)：,admit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, imagine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, cant help, 等。 如:1） 你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎? Would you mind my smokin

43、g here ? 2）這女孩被告知每天練習(xí)三個(gè)小時(shí)的鋼琴. The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3） Good news keeps coming.,精選,下列V.+prep.通常用ing形式作賓語(yǔ),尤其注意介詞to,e.g. insist on, prevent from, depend on, feel like, be fond of, succeed in, be proud of, excuse for , apologize for, look forward to, o

44、bject to , be used to, be opposed to, etc.,Prep. 后通常用ing形式作賓語(yǔ).,e.g. The boy stood still without _ (dare) to raise his head because of _ (break) a vase.,daring,having broken,精選,to do 和doing 的區(qū)別:,remember to do remember doing forget to do forget doing stop to do stop doing go on to do go on doing try

45、to do try doing regret to do regret doing mean to do mean doing,精選,注意: 動(dòng)詞如： permit ,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider 有不同的用法:,V + sb to do sth its too narrow. I forbid smoking in my house We do not permit smoking in the office,精選,3.作表語(yǔ),My hobby is collecting stamps and fishing. His job is teaching

46、.,Whats the difference between them?,Im fishing.,My hobby is fishing.,動(dòng)名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,精選,4.作定語(yǔ):,a walking stick A swimming pool A sleeping car,區(qū)別,The walking man The swimming girl The sleeping boy,動(dòng)名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能,現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài),精選,Gerund的邏輯主語(yǔ):,Tom insisted on coming to the party. Tom insisted on my comi

47、ng to the party. 我?guī)缀鯚o(wú)法想象peter在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.,精選,動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義:,在動(dòng)詞或詞組need, want, require, be worth, deserve, etc. 后的動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義: Your composition needs improving. Your composition needs to be improved. The book is worth reading a second

48、 time. The book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.,精選,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 語(yǔ)法講解,Wuxun High School,Non-finite,精選,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的類型:,Infinitive 不定式,Gerund 動(dòng)名詞,Participle 分詞,Non-finite,-ing 分詞,-ed 分詞,精選,-ing分詞(以make為例 ),-ed 分詞,Having made,making,being made,Having been made,made,X,X,X,精選,分詞在句中承擔(dān)的成分:,由于分詞具有形容詞性和副

49、詞性,在句子中不能充當(dāng)具有名詞特征的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ).,精選,1.作定語(yǔ),-the sun which is rising,-ing分詞和-ed分詞修飾名詞有 前置位 Having done Having been done e.g. 1.Used as a means of traffic in China, the bike is very useful. 2. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing.,More exercises,+ 主句,（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后）,精選,1)The president promised to

50、 keep all the board members_ (inform) of how the negotiations were going on 2)_(be) there more than once, the old professor offered to show us around the newly-built library. 3)_(invite)to go to camping, Paul ordered a new sleeping bag 4)_ (not know) his telephone number, she lost touch with him.,in

51、formed,Having been,Having been invited,Not knowing,精選,分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ): 分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為_(kāi),但當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者和句子的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不一致時(shí)，分詞前必須有自己的主語(yǔ)，e.g. If weather permits, we will have a field trip. Weather permitting, well have a field trip tomorrow 這被稱為_(kāi)。 時(shí)間允許,我們將在去杭州的路上順道看一下我叔叔. Time permitting, we will visit my uncle on my way to

52、Hangzhou.,主句的主語(yǔ),分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),精選,*但有些分詞作狀語(yǔ)屬習(xí)慣用法，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)可以不一致。 如：Judging from the expression on his face, he had failed the driving test again Generally speaking ,girls are more careful than boys . 類似的還有: Speaking of Talking of ,精選,高考題,1.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors

53、to the beauty of nature.(2004) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2.The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.(2004) A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 3. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no s

54、ide effect.(2003) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken,B,B,A,精選,4._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received,C,5.Before _, the machine must be checked. being used B. using it C. being used to D. us

55、ing,A,6._ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving,D,精選,1._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lo

56、se,C,“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法， A. Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought,綜合練習(xí),精選,5) Victor apologized his_ (not be) able to inform me of the change in the plan. 6) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home,_ (exhaust). 7) The discovery of new evidence led to the thief_ (catch). 8) Generally_ (speak), When _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 9) She will