國貿(mào)International-Trade-Theory-and-Practice

1、技術(shù)排列，時間33601網(wǎng)絡(luò)(theory ) 17網(wǎng)絡(luò)(practice ) somechapterswillnotbediscussed (c 2，3，3 focus onc 11-18 amixtured q歐佩，(b )產(chǎn)品可靠性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，aselectedlisteria notalltheproductsenjoygspduties .e.g. underthefirstgspschemeofthe there are some 3000 articlesthathavebeendesignatedaseligible .certainarticlescanneverreceivedu

2、ty -可自由使用演示，e.g.“導(dǎo)入textileandapparelarticle.(2) watches (3) certain certainfootweararticles (6) certainglassproducts .導(dǎo)入敏感性，(c )比較對網(wǎng)絡(luò)沖突的需要50 %遠(yuǎn)程驗證、Turkey、countries/productsmayberemovediftotalimportfromthatcountry/ofthatproductsmayberemovediftotalimportfromthatcountry /遠(yuǎn)程驗證graduation aproductorallpro

3、ductscouldberemovedfromthegspforoneparticularcountryifitwerefoundthatthiscountryissufficientlycompet productorallproductsintheworldmarket .(e )原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則： criteriatodeterminethenationalsourceofaproduct。 therulesoforiginrequirethatanarticlemustbeimporteddirectlyfromthebeneficiarycountryandnotesubstantialt

4、ransformation (實質(zhì)性變化) 原始證書(FORM A )、FORM A (稱普惠制產(chǎn)地證)、FORM E是中國東盟自貿(mào)區(qū)FORM F智利產(chǎn)地證FORM P中巴自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定FORM A亞太協(xié)定CO； C/O一般產(chǎn)地證、(3) MFN duties最惠國觀關(guān)稅、Definition:mfndutiesarelowerdutiesfornationsentitledtomost-favored -。allmembersofwtoareentitledtomfntreatment .應(yīng)用程序、USA、India、indiareducesitstariffonuscomputers usr

5、educesitstariffonind 通用數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域非通用數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域，通用數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域非通用數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域，通用數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域， whichareappliedtocountrieswithoutmfnagreement .一般進(jìn)口關(guān)稅是指對原產(chǎn)于與進(jìn)口國沒有關(guān)稅互惠協(xié)定的國家或地區(qū)的進(jìn)口貨物，按照一般稅率增加的關(guān)稅，一般進(jìn)口關(guān)稅稅率較高。應(yīng)用程序、 Forms of import duties、3. According to special purposes根據(jù)特殊原因：Countervailing duties反政府補(bǔ)貼稅、anti。 進(jìn)口附加稅通常是限制進(jìn)口的暫時性措施。 (1)計量占空比政府補(bǔ)貼定稅、

6、定義3360、計量占空比isatariffdesignedto“計量器”theeffectter、(2)安騰占空比anti-dumpingdutiesisthetariffleviedondumpedimports .dumpingisasituationofinternationalpricediscrimination公司， wherethepriceofaproductwhensoldintheimportingcountryislessthanthepriceofthatproductinthemarketoftheexportingcountry。 priceintheimporti

7、ngcountry (出口價格)、 正常值thenvistheforeignhomemarketpriceofa foreign-like產(chǎn)品soldintheordinarycourseoftradeforconsumptionintheexpo non-tariffbarriersrefertoarangeofactions、other than tariffs、thatgovernmentsapplytorestrictimportedgoods.(p 99 )、2 Non-tariff Barriers、1. Import quotas (進(jìn)口配額)、2. “Voluntary” ex

8、port restraints (自動出口限制定)、3.ggo4. administra tive class ification (行政課稅分類)、以及quotaisgovernment-imposedrestrictiononquantity，or sometimes on total value .進(jìn)口配額是指一國政府為了保護(hù)本國的工業(yè)，在一定期間內(nèi)對商品的進(jìn)口數(shù)量或進(jìn)口數(shù)量進(jìn)行規(guī)定導(dǎo)入quotas、quotas、Absolute quotas絕對分配額、Tariff quotas關(guān)稅分配額、Absolute quotas， absolutequotasmeanthatwhentheim

9、portsofaspecificcommodityduringagiventimeperiodreachthequotas，不導(dǎo)入世界三分之一， atariffquotaistheimportquotathatallowsalimitedquantityofspecifiedmerchandiseintoacountryatareduceddutyrateduringaspecifiedper I 可拆卸級別，thetariffincreasesforadditionalgoodsimports .Tariff:tariff quota 3360，5 %，100，000，100，000 qua

10、ntity : avoluntaryexportrestraintisarestrictionsetbyagovernmentonthequantityorvalueofgoodsthatcanbeexportedoutofacountryd time.oftenthewordvoluntaryisplacedinquotesbecausetheserestraintsaretypicallyimplementedupontheinsistenceofthe ing nations .什么是自動出口限制、versimposedbyastateonitshomefirmsexportsasare

11、sultofdiplomaticpressure .1.68 m units、全球采購策略政府采購政策national gover andevenlocalgovernmenthavemoreorlessexplicitrestrictionsagainstthepublicpurchaseofforeign-producedgoodsandservices.ins服務(wù)suchrestrictionsevenextendtoforeign-ownedsubsidiarieslocatedlocally .政府采購政策， givepreferencestodomesticallymadeprod

12、ucts、caseofdiscriminatorygovernmentprocurementpolicy、USA、 “按美金”federalgovernmentagenciesmustpurchaseproductsfromhomeu.s.firmsunlessthefirmsproductpricewasmorethan6ovetheforefore mentofdefense，even a time a 50% )，管理類別(行政課稅分類)，becausetariffongoodscomingintoacountrydifferbytypeofgoods。 theactualtaxchargedmayvaryaccordingtothecategoryintowhichagoodsisclassified.thereissomeleewayforcustomsofficials . thecustomofficialsmayclassifythegoodsbydifferentstandardsintodifferentcategor