英語五種基本句型及一個(gè)特殊句式詳解

1、英語句子可分為五種基本句型,1、主語謂語 2、主語系動(dòng)詞表語 3、主語謂語賓語 4、主語謂語賓語賓語 5、主語謂語賓語補(bǔ)語,掌握好這些基本句型，就可以為靈活運(yùn)用語言打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 下面分別講解這五種句型,句型一：主語+謂語（不及物動(dòng)詞）,不及物動(dòng)詞本身就可以表達(dá)完整的意念，不需要賓語及補(bǔ)語，但有時(shí)可有副詞，介詞短語等狀語修飾語。,e.g.Therainstopped. Theoldmanwalksinthepark.,句型一的擴(kuò)展：,1.主語+不及物動(dòng)詞+狀語e.g.Themachineworkssmoothly.(機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常。),2.主語+不及物動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式e.g.Theystopp

2、edtotakeashortrest.(他們停下來稍作休息),特別提醒 動(dòng)詞stop可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作及物動(dòng)詞。作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),通常后接動(dòng)詞不定式,表示停下來的目的是做另一件事。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常后接動(dòng)名詞,表示停止做這件事。 e.g.Theystoppedtakingarest.,注意：在此句型中，有少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，表達(dá)主語本身所具有的特性，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,1.The book sells well. 2.The window wont shut. 3.The pen writes smoothly. 4.Cheese cuts easily.,句型二：主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語

3、,系動(dòng)詞 be動(dòng)詞am is are was were 持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 表像系動(dòng)詞seem, appear, look 感官系動(dòng)詞 feel, smell, sound, taste 變化系動(dòng)詞 become, grow, turn, get, go 終止系動(dòng)詞 prove, turn out,1.He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。 2.This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。 3.He seems （to be） very sad. 他看起來很傷心。 4.It worried

4、her a bit that her hair was turning gray. 他頭發(fā)變得灰白讓他憂慮。 5.The rumor proved false.這謠言證實(shí)有假。 6.His plan turned out a success .他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。,句型二：主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語,系動(dòng)詞本身不能表達(dá)完整的意念沒，需要形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等來補(bǔ)充說明主語,1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名詞做表語) 2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容詞做表語) 3.She remained standing for a hour.(現(xiàn)在分詞做表語)

5、 4.The question remained unsolved.(過去分詞做表語) 5.The machine is out of order.(介詞短語做表語) 6.The television was on.(副詞做表語) 7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(動(dòng)詞不定式做表語) 8.My job is repairing cars.(動(dòng)名詞做表語) 9.The question is what you want to do.(從句做表語，即：表語從句),_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,注意：在下面的句子中，形容詞做表語，在表語的后面常常

6、接不定式結(jié)構(gòu),Im happy to meet you. They are willing to help. We are determined to follow his example.,句型三：主語+謂語（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語,e.g.WearelearningEnglish.,Doyouknowhim?,Yourradioneedsrepairing.,句型四：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語有些及物動(dòng)詞需要兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整意念。,e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt. Givemethebook,please.,可以帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞： 買賣關(guān)系： buy pa

7、y cost 給予關(guān)系： give grant pass offer bring send 借還關(guān)系： lend return owe wish 說服關(guān)系： tell persuade 命名選舉關(guān)系：name call elect select 其他關(guān)系： wish envy make,We _ each other the best of luck in the examination.(1991)我們彼此祝愿考試幸運(yùn) A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished,【分析】：each other the best of luck兩個(gè)都是賓語，能接雙賓語的詞

8、只有wish,D,特別提醒,A.在此句型中，通常是間接賓語（人）在前，直接賓語（物）在后，有時(shí)直接賓語和間接賓語可以對(duì)調(diào)，這時(shí)間 接賓語前應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。,e.g.Hermotherboughtaskirtforher. Givethebooktome,please.,直接賓語與間接賓語對(duì)調(diào)時(shí)，間接賓語前加介詞to的動(dòng)詞有：give，tell,lend,sell，teach,send，write，show,return，bring，pass，leave，offer，hand間接賓語前加介詞for的動(dòng)詞有：buy，choose，get，make，order，sing，do，play,B.如果直

9、接賓語為人稱代詞那么必須把直接賓放在間接 賓語前，且間接賓語前要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。e.g.Ihandedittoourteacher.不能說：Ihandedourteacherit.,C.此句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可分為兩種情況。e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.a.Shewasboughtaskirtbyhermother. b.Askirtwasboughtforherbyhermother.,句型五：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 及物動(dòng)詞本身需要一個(gè)賓語外，還需要一個(gè)名詞，形容詞，副詞,動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞來補(bǔ)充說明賓語，才能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意念。,e.g.Weelect

10、edLiYangourmonitor.Thenewsmadeussad.Shesawthethiefstealintotheshop.Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.Ifoundthemanstealingthemoney.Ifoundmymoneystolen.,特別提醒,A.現(xiàn)在分詞為賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系；過去分詞為賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語與過去分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。,B.在let(讓)，make(使得)，have（請(qǐng)，讓，使得），see(看)，hear(聽到)，watch(觀看)，feel(感覺到)，listento(傾聽)，loo

11、kat(看到)，notice(注意到)等動(dòng)詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語如果為不定式，則省掉”to”,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，則要帶”to”.e.g.Wehearhersingnextdoor.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.,注意： 在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以出現(xiàn)用it做形式上的賓語，把 真正的賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語常常是動(dòng)詞不定式或賓語從句。,1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式賓語，hisduty是賓語補(bǔ)足語，to mention this to her是真正的賓語。,2.I think it best t

12、hat you should stay with us. 分析：it是形式賓語，best是賓語補(bǔ)足語，that you should stay with us是真正的賓語。,There be 句型,說明：此句型是由 there + be + 主語 + 狀語 構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在有。 它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞 be 之后。Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如:,現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過去有there was/were 將來有 there will be/there is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有there has/have b

13、een 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 過去一直有there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be ,1. there be句型中也可以使用諸如：live，follow， come，stand，sit，go, lie, remain, exist等不及物動(dòng)詞：,Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island. Th

14、ere came a knock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.,2.謂語動(dòng)詞和主語保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.,3.有兩個(gè)或更多的主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般和最近的一個(gè)保持一致： There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.,鞏固性練習(xí) 請(qǐng)判斷下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)類型,1.He is running. 2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry. 3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions. 4.She seemed angry. 5.My father bought me a beautiful present.,主語-謂語,主語-謂語-賓語-補(bǔ)語,主語-謂語-賓語-賓語,主語-系動(dòng)詞-表語,主語-謂語-賓語-賓語,6.Why do you keep your eyes