Unit 1 Women of achievement Gramma主謂一致（教師版）

1、Book4 Unit 1 語法學(xué)案Subject-Verb Agreement (主謂一致) 主謂一致是指謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須和主語保持一致，主謂語一致需要遵循三個基本原則: 語法形式一致原則, 語言意義一致原則和就近一致原則。一、語法形式一致原則：即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。語法一致體現(xiàn)在以下幾種情況：1. 劃出下面句子的主語和謂語Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit. To see is to believe.Whether well go depends on the weath

2、er. This book is worth reading.Water is very important for life.歸納：當(dāng)_, _, _單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時, 謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。動詞不定式(短語) 動名詞(短語) 單句從句翻譯以下句子：1）學(xué)好英語并不容易。_TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.2）在太陽下看書對眼睛不好。_Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.3）他所說的是正確的。_Whathesaidistrue.2. 劃出下面句子的主語和謂語，并說出主語表達(dá)的意思。The worker and writer i

3、s from Wuhan. (那個工人兼作家 )The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家 )歸納：當(dāng)主語由and連接時，如果表示同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用_(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))，此時and后面的名詞_(無/有)冠詞。如表示不同的人或物時，謂語動詞用_(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))，此時and后面的名詞_(無/有)冠詞。單數(shù) 無 復(fù)數(shù) 有1) The League secretary and the monitor _ (were/was) asked to make a speech at the meeting. 2) A knife and

4、fork_ (is/are) used to have meals.3) The singer and dancer _ (is/are) giving a performance on the stage.4) The singer and the dancer _(is/are) giving a performance on the stage.were is is are3. 劃出下面句子的主語和謂語Has everybody finished their drinks? 每個人都喝完飲料了嗎？Nothing remains of the old house but the cella

5、r hole. 老房子除了這個狹小簡陋的酒窖之外什么也沒留下。歸納：句子中的everybody 和nothing 是_，作主語時，謂語動詞用_(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))形式。相同用法的不定代詞還有something, someone, anything, anybody (即由every，some，any，no等構(gòu)成的不定代詞) 或由each, every構(gòu)成的_短語,如each student, every book等。不定代詞 單數(shù) 名詞短語1) Something _ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch.2) Anybody who _ ( break / b

6、reaks) the rule will be punished. 3) Nothing _is (is/are) better than my delicious food.4) Each of us _ (has / have) a tape-recorder.5) Every student in Class 81 _ (has / have) passed the mid-term exam.has breaks is has has注意，請看以下兩個例子： Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每個學(xué)生和老師都發(fā)了一張票。

7、 Many a man and woman wishes that he or she had a better education. 許多人都希望自己受到良好的教育。兩個并列的名詞前如果有each， every， no， many a 等修飾時，謂語動詞仍然要用 _（單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)）形式。單數(shù)1） Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much.(enjoy)2） No boy and no girl likes it.(like)4、劃出下面句子的主語和謂語Most of his money is spent on boo

8、ks. 他大部分的錢花在書上了。Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運動。歸納：分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of ，the rest of , the majority of ，half of , some of ，all of ，most of 等作主語時, 謂語動詞的形式通常與of 后面的名詞或短語保持一致。Ten percent of the pupils _ (is/are) absent today.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _( is/a

9、re) sea.The majority of the damage _ (is/are) easy to repair. The rest of the books _ (is/are) on the table. are is is are5、劃出下面句子的主語和謂語The teacher with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。 He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我都想去劃船。歸納：主語The teacher和He后面分別接說明主語的修飾語with some studen

10、ts 和as well as I，但謂語動詞不受修飾成分的影響，仍保持與主語一致的關(guān)系。這種修飾語還有along with，together with，like, than，but，except，besides，including等。1) Everybody except you _(looks/look) down upon me. 2) A woman with two children _(has/have) come. 3) John, rather than his roommates, _ (is/are) to blame. 4) Jim, together with his c

11、lassmates, _ (has/have) seen the film. 5) The two little girls, with their lovely panda toy, _(decides/decide) to go to the park.looks has is has decide二、語言意義一致原則：即主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。1. 劃出下面句子的主語和謂語His family is very large.他家是一個大家庭。His family are music lovers.他

12、的家人都是音樂愛好者。 The group is made up of nine students.這個小組是由9個學(xué)生組成。The group are dancing happily.這個小組的人正在熱舞。歸納：由集體名詞,如group, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, family, audience, club, party, crew等作主語時,如果看成一個_(各成員/整體)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,如果看成_ (其中各成員/整體)，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式. 整體 其中各成員1) The class (is, are) more than

13、 forty in number.2) The class (have, has) disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic. 3) The government (has, have) spent more than two million yuan in planting trees.4) The city government ( has, have) different opinions about next years plan. is have has have 2. 劃出下面句子

14、的主語和謂語The cattle are in the shed. 牛在牛棚里。The police are searching for him. 警方正在找他。歸納：表示總稱意義的名詞, 如police，cattle，people， force，folk，beast， youth 等作主語時, 謂語動詞用 _形式。 People _ talking about the news. are3. 劃出下面句子的主語和謂語The species of fish are numerous. 魚的種類很多。This species of rose is very rare. 這種玫瑰很稀少。歸納：單復(fù)

15、數(shù)形式相同的名詞作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單復(fù)數(shù)。此類詞常見的有：species，crossroads， deer，fish， sheep， means， works 。1） All possible means _ ( has, have)been tried.(have)2） Every means _ ( has, have)been tried.(have)3） A group of sheep _ (is, are)being chased by wolves. 4） A injured sheep _ (is, are)lying on the grassland. have

16、has are is4. 觀察以下兩個句子：None of the telephones is/are working. 沒有一部電話不是壞的。 None of the information about him has been received. 關(guān)于他的消息一點也沒收到。 歸納:none of 后面如果連接的是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用 _(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))形式；如果后面接的是可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞既可用_(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))形式，也可用_ (單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))形式。單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù)1) None of them _ arrived yet. (have) 2) None of this money _ mi

17、ne. (be) have/has is 5. 表示時間、距離、金錢等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，表達(dá)一個整體概念, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;1) Two years _ passed since I left Ningbo. A.has B. have C. are D. is 2) One million dollars _is (be) a great sum of money.3) 5500 kilometers _is (be) a very long distance for the two girls riding their bikes.A is is6. 有一些以-s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示

18、復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics, the United States ,works等。1) Every means _ been tried since then. A.has B. have C. are D. is 2) No news _ good news. (is / are) 3) Maths / physics _ the subject that I like most. (is / are) A is is三、就近一致原則：即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的名詞或代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。判斷以下句子正誤：1. 劃出下面句子的主語和謂語1)

19、He or I am in the wrong.2) Either you or she is good at drawing.3) Neither he nor you is right.4) Not you but I am to blame. 5) Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film. T T F T T歸納: 由連詞or, _，neither nor , _, not only .but also .連接并列主語時, 謂語動詞與最近的主語保持一致。either .or . not but 2.

20、劃出下面句子的主語和謂語Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你一支筆，幾個信封和一些紙。There is a lamp, two pens and six books on the desk. 桌子上有一盞燈，兩支鋼筆和六本書。歸納: 由here， there等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，謂語動詞與其后的主語 _； 如果主語是多個并列的主語，謂語動詞與其最相鄰的主語 _。保持一致； 保持一致練習(xí)：1) Not only you but also he _ wrong. (is/are)2) Neither you nor he _

21、right. (is/are)3) There _ two shops and a cinema beside the railway station. (is/are)4) All but one _ here just now. (were/was)5) A library with five thousand books _ offered to the nation as a gift. (is/are)6) A peasant together with some soldiers _ about to help us. (were/was) is is are were is wa

22、s綜合練習(xí)：一、 單句改錯。1. He as well as I want to go boating._2. There are something wrong with my watch._3. Ten yuan are enough._4. His family is music lovers._5. The majority of the students likes English._6. Many a person have read the novel._7. What they get and what they have given is related closely._w

23、ants is is are like has are二、單項選擇題。1. Whatweusedtothinkimpossiblenow_possible.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.willbe2.Therich_notalwayshappy.A.is B.areC.hasD.have3.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriends_totheconcertlastnight.A.hasbeeninvited B.hadbeeninvited C.wereinvited D.wasinvited4. He is one of the students who _ winners of scholarship for three years.A. is B. are C.