現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀第3冊(cè)第一課課件PPT單詞詞組詳解lesson1_language study.ppt

1、Word Study Phrases and Expressions Word Building Grammar,Language Study,Contents,Word Study,Word list:,affection affirm apply capability contribute counsel distinct,inhibition involve observe occur perceive project shrink,endeavor endowment ethical excessive handle inherit interpret,Word Study,1. af

2、fection,n. a gentle feeling of love and caring Examples: Every mother has/feels affection toward her children. He is held in great affection. affectionate a. He looks at her with affectionate looks.,cf: affectation n. 矯飾,Word Study,2. affirm,v. to declare (usually again) positively; strengthen belie

3、fs, ideas, or feelings Examples: affirm ones judgment/innocence affirm sth. to sb. affirm that it is true affirmative a. affirmative reply/nod/reaction,Word Study,3. apply,v. a. to make a formal and usually written request for a job, position, etc. b. to use a method, law, principle, etc. in a parti

4、cular situation c. to affect or concern sb. or sth. d. to bring sth. into nearness or contact with sth.,Examples,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,She is applying for a scholarship. We should apply what we have learned to practice. Not all natural laws can apply to human society. Apply so

5、me of this ointment to the swollen part, and the pain will soon be gone.,Word Study,4. capability,n. the natural ability, skill, or power that makes you able to do sth.,Examples: He has the capabilities of solving/to solve practical problems. Its quite above his capabilities.,Cf: ability capacity fa

6、culty,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,ability,the power to do sth. well acquired naturally or by learning,More examples,capacity,ability to hold, contain, or learn,faculty,a special ability,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,He has the ability to do the work, but hes too lazy

7、and wont do it.,The book is within the reading capacity of young readers. The auditorium has a seating capacity of 300 people.,He has a faculty for painting.,Word Study,5. contribute,v. a. to join with others in giving help, money, etc. b. to help to cause or produce,Examples: contribute food and cl

8、othing for the refugees contribute to the Red Cross Exercises contribute to ones health. Drinking contributed to his ruin.,Cf: distribute attribute,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,distribute v. to give things to a large number of people; spread sth. over an area,distribute pictures amon

9、g children distribute magazines to subscribers distribute manure over a field,attribute n. a quality or feature of sb./sth. v. to say or believe that sth. is the result of a particular thing,Politeness is an attribute of a gentleman. He attributes his success to hard work.,Word Study,6. counsel,v. (

10、fml.) to advise n. advice; opinion; suggestion,Examples: counsel care in the forthcoming negotiation He counseled their giving up/to give up the plan.,counsellor n. adviser; lawyer,Word Study,7. distinct,a. a. clearly different or belonging to a different type b. easily seen, understood; plain,Examp

11、les: Silk is distinct from rayon. They are similar in form but distinct in kind. There is a distinct improvement in his pronunciation. He is at a distinct advantage in the competition.,Cf: distinctive,Word formation,n. distinction ad. distinctly,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,distincti

12、ve,a. serving to mark a difference or make distinct,Example: Soldiers wear a distinctive uniform.,Word Study,8. endeavor,v. (fml.) to try very hard n. (fml.) effort; attempt,Examples: He endeavored to calm himself down but in vain. His endeavors to persuade her to go with him failed.,Word Study,9. e

13、ndowment,n. a. a quality or ability that someone has naturally b. money, property, etc. given to provide an income,Examples: They are men of great endowments. The Oxford and Cambridge colleges have numerous endowments.,Word formation,v. endow,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,endow,Exampl

14、es: She is endowed with both beauty and brains. That hospital is privately endowed.,v. a. to possess naturally, be born with b. to give a college, hospital, etc. a large sum of money that will provide it with an income,Word Study,10. ethical,a. connected with principles of what is right and what is

15、wrong,Examples: an ethical principle an ethical basis for education,Cf: ethnic,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,ethnic,a. a. of race or the races of mankind b. (colloq.) of a particular cultural group,Examples: ethnic clothes/food/music/restaurants,Word Study,11. excessive,a. much more t

16、han is reasonable or necessary,Examples: excessive rainfall excessive charges,excess n. an excess of enthusiasm That is a city with a population in excess of two million.,Word Study,12. handle,v. a. to touch, lift or turn with the hands b. to operate with the hands c. to manage, control or cope with

17、 d. to buy and sell Examples: This box contains delicate china. Please handle with care. This computer is easy to handle.,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,We have to handle the relationship between our two countries carefully. This shop does not handle imported goods.,Word Study,13. inhe

18、rit,v. to receive (genetic characters) from ones parents,Examples: inherit money/estate/title She inherited her mothers good looks and her fathers bad temper.,n. inheritance n. heritage,Word formation,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,inheritance n. the money, property, etc. that you rece

19、ive from sb. when they die; the fact of receiving sth. when sb. dies She spent all her inheritance in a year. n. sth. from the past or from your family that affects the way you behave, look, etc. our artistic/cultural inheritance heritage n. the history, traditions and qualities that a country or so

20、ciety has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character national/cultural heritage,Word Study,14. interpret,v. a. to make clear the meaning of (either in words or by artistic performance) b. to consider to be the meaning of c. to give an immediate oral translation of

21、Examples: interpret a difficult passage in a book We interpreted his silence as a refusal. Will you interpret for the foreign visitors?,Word formation,n. interpreter n. interpretation,Word Study,15. inhibition,n. (psych.) a feeling of worry or embarrassment that stops you doing or saying what you re

22、ally want to Example: Wine weakens a persons inhibitions. inhibit v. to hinder; to restrain inhibit sb. from doing sth.,Word Study,16. involve v. a. to include as a necessary part or result b. to affect,Word formation,a. involved n. involvement,Examples: All reforms involve certain tasks. The buildi

23、ng of the dam involved relocating almost one million people. You have to involve every country in the fight against global warming. He was deeply involved in the scandal.,Word Study,17. observe,v. a. to see or notice; watch carefully b. to say by way of comment Examples: The accused was observed try

24、ing to force the lock of the door. Some scientists observed that global warming is not necessarily related to human activities.,Word formation,n. observation a. observant,Word Study,18. occur,v. a. to happen b. to come into ones mind suddenly Examples: Over the years many floods have occurred in tha

25、t area. It occurred to him that there was a better way to do it. I guess it never occurred to him to put aside some money for a rainy day.,Word formation,n. occurrence,Word Study,19. perceive,v. (fml.) to become aware of, esp. through the eyes or the mind Examples: Musicians can perceive small diffe

26、rences in sounds. He gradually perceived that language and culture cant be separated.,Word formation,n. perception a. perceptive a. perceptible,Word Study,20. project,v. a. to plan b. to cause a shadow, an outline, etc. on a surface c. to present sb./sth./yourself to other people in a particular way

27、, esp. one that gives a good impression project a dam/a new canal project a picture on a screen project the future roles as men or women,Word Study,21. shrink,v. a. to make or become smaller, esp. through wetting b. to move back; show unwillingness to do sth. Examples: Will this shirt shrink in the

28、wash? Car sales have been shrinking recently. A shy man shrinks from meeting strangers.,Cf: contract,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,contract,v. to make or become smaller or shorter; make or become tighter or narrower Metals contract as they become cool. contract ones muscles/the brows/

29、forehead,The end of Word Study.,List:,be equal to dawn on/upon drag ones feet for certain freedom/free from go through,in turn in/with relation to in a different light independent from/of stand back,Phrases and Expressions,v. to be just as good as; have strength, courage, ability etc. for sth. Examp

30、les: Many of our products are equal to the best in the world. It is ridiculous to think one race is not equal to another because it has a different skin color. He is equal to doing this task.,1. be equal to,Phrases and Expressions,v. to begin to appear; grow clear to the mind Examples: The truth beg

31、an to dawn on him. It suddenly dawned on me that there was another thing that contributed to their economic success. Cf: It occurs to sb. that,2. dawn on/upon,Phrases and Expressions,v. (figurative usage) to delay deliberately Examples: The local authorities are dragging their feet closing these coa

32、l mines. I can understand why they are dragging their feet over this reform. The reason is that it will affect their personal interests.,3. drag ones feet,Phrases and Expressions,ad. certainly; definitely; no doubt Examples: He is probably an accountant. I dont know for certain. I cant say for certa

33、in how much this car will cost. It must be in the neighborhood of two hundred thousand yuan.,4. for certain,Phrases and Expressions,no longer having sth. you do not want Examples: The most important freedom our people should have is the freedom from hunger. An ideal society is one free from exploita

34、tion and oppression.,5. freedom/free from,Phrases and Expressions,Cf: freedom of,To be continued on the next page.,freedom from taxation freedom of press/speech,Phrases and Expressions,More examples,To be continued on the next page.,Phrases and Expressions,“We look forward to a world founded upon es

35、sential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expressioneverywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own wayeverywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear anywhere in the world. “ F

36、ranklin D. Roosevelt,1) to be passed or approved The Bill did not go through.,6. go through,Phrases and Expressions,2) to be concluded The deal did not go through.,3) to discuss in detail Lets go through the arguments again.,To be continued on the next page.,4) to search The police went through the

37、pockets of the suspected thief.,Phrases and Expressions,5) to complete Lets go through the exercises.,6) to undergo; suffer He seemed to have forgotten all that he had gone through.,To be continued on the next page.,7) to consume; use up It did not take Albert very long to go through his inheritance

38、.,Phrases and Expressions,Cf: pull through,8) to continue firmly to the end Knowing full well the difficulties the work involved, they were still determined to go through with it.,To be continued on the next page.,1) to make sth. or sb. through by pulling The eye of the needle is too small and I can

39、t pull the thread through.,pull through,Phrases and Expressions,2) to survive a difficult or dangerous situation That newly liberated country is going to have a rough time, but it will pull through.,3) to recover or help to recover from illness He was badly injured in the accident, but the doctors m

40、ade every effort to pull him through.,in succession Example: The candidates were summoned in turn to see the examiner. Put the following sentence into English: 理論的基礎(chǔ)是實(shí)踐又反過來服務(wù)于實(shí)踐。,7. in turn,Phrases and Expressions,Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.,as regards; concerning Exampl

41、es: I have a lot to say in relation to that affair. The project was outlined with relation to available funds.,8. in/with relation to,Phrases and Expressions,in a different way Examples: After I took that course, I began to see the world in a different light. What he did made us see him in a differe

42、nt light.,9. in a different light,Phrases and Expressions,More examples,To be continued on the next page.,He decided to make further improvements on the computers design in the light of the requirements of customers.,in the light of after considering (sth.),Phrases and Expressions,shed/throw a new l

43、ight on to make sth. clearer; provide new information,These facts shed a new light on the matter.,not dependent on or controlled by other persons or things Examples: If you have a car, you are independent from/of trains and buses. Thats an objective law independent from/of mans will. Cf: Promotion i

44、s dependent on/upon ones record of success.,10. independent from/of,Phrases and Expressions,1) to stand to the rear The child stood back at the sight of the ferocious dog.,11. stand back,Phrases and Expressions,2) to distance oneself mentally in order to understand or judge better Sometimes an admin

45、istrator must stand back from day-to-day business to grasp the wider pattern of events.,To be continued on the next page.,Phrases and Expressions,3) to withdraw or retreat from making discussions, influencing events, etc.,She ran the family and her husband stood back. These were vital discussions fr

46、om which he couldnt afford to stand back.,The end of Phrases and Expressions.,Word Building,List:,Prefixde, pro Rootject, volv, gen Suffixogy, al,Word Building,definite,prefix,de- 向下，減少，除去，離開，否定,decrease degrade devalue decolour desalt decompose decentralize decelerate,減少 使降級(jí) 使降值 漂白 除去鹽分 使分解 使分散 使減速

47、,To be continued on the next page.,Word Building,definite,root,-fin(i)-, -finit- 結(jié)束，界限,confine define definite finite infinite infinity semifinal affinity,限制，禁閉 下定義；規(guī)定 明確的；限定的 有限的 無(wú)限的 無(wú)限，無(wú)窮大 半決賽（的） 密切關(guān)系；共鳴,To be continued on the next page.,Word Building,project,prefix,pro- 向前；支持；代理,proceed progress

48、project promote propel provoke pro-British pro-consul,前進(jìn)；著手 進(jìn)步 投射 促進(jìn) 推進(jìn) 激怒，招惹 親英派的 代理領(lǐng)事,Word Building,project,root,-jac(t)-, -ject- 投，射,abject adjacent deject eject inject object projective subject,凄慘的，可憐的 毗鄰的，鄰近的 使沮喪，使氣餒 逐出，排斥 注射，注入 反對(duì) 投影的，突出的 使服從，使遭受,To be continued on the next page.,Word Building

49、,involve,root,-volv-, -volut- 旋轉(zhuǎn),evolve involve revolve intervolve devolve evolution revolution voluble,發(fā)展，演化 包纏，包含 （使）旋轉(zhuǎn) 纏繞；使互卷 轉(zhuǎn)移，移交（工作，職務(wù)） 旋轉(zhuǎn) 革命 易旋轉(zhuǎn)的；健談的,To be continued on the next page.,Word Building,genetic,root,-gen-, -generat- 生（殖）,generate genetic genital genius ingenious congenial eugenic

50、progenitor,使發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生 遺傳學(xué)的 生殖的 天才 機(jī)靈的 同族的，同類的，相宜的 優(yōu)生學(xué)的 祖先,Word Building,psychology,suffix,-ogy- 學(xué)（科）,zoology geology ecology sociology biology archeology physiology psychology,動(dòng)物學(xué) 地理學(xué) 生態(tài)學(xué) 社會(huì)學(xué) 生物學(xué) 考古學(xué) 生理學(xué) 心理學(xué),To be continued on the next page.,Word Building,parental,suffix,-al 的 （形容詞后綴）,organizational occ

51、upational environmental experimental conversational educational natural cultural personal,The end of Word Building.,organizational skills occupational disease environmental protection experimental work conversational style educational policy natural selection cultural gap personal preference,Grammar

52、,Object,Definition: An object is the recipient of an action which often follows a transitive verb or a preposition. What can function as object are nouns, pronouns, numerals, infinitive phrases, gerund, noun clauses, etc. Example: Do you know where he lives?,“Where he lives“ is the objective clause

53、of “know”.,To be continued on the next page.,During this time, students are endeavoring to find out who they are and what their strengths and weakness are.,an infinitive phrase used as the object of the verb,Object,Grammar,To be continued on the next page.,Related Grammatical Points,afford attempt arrange beg choose claim dare decide decline,Verbs that are often followed by an infinitive phrase as object:,Grammar,T