中考英語總復習專項練習 專題（十三）復合句學案

1、專題（十三） 復合句【學習目標】 1. 掌握初中階段學過的從句 2. 掌握從句的做題技巧 【學生自學】 1 初中階段學過的從句共有_ 種？他們是_ _ _ 2. 總結賓語從句的用法，完成【預習展示】13. 總結狀語從句的用法，完成【預習展示】24. 總結定語從句的用法，完成【預習展示】3【預習展示】11賓語從句的概念：在復合句中起 的作用。2句子結構： 主句 +連詞（引導詞）+ 賓語從句3賓語從句三要點： _。（1）語序： _語序，就是be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞在_之后。（2）引導詞：陳述句充當賓語從句引導詞用_ _ 一般疑問句充當賓語從句引導詞用_ _ 特殊疑問句充當賓語從句引導詞用_ _（

2、3）時態(tài)：主句_ _,從句_ 主句_,從句_4. 否定前移 ：當主句主語為第 人稱而謂語動詞為 等時，賓語從句中的否定詞not前移到 主句中，否定主句的動詞，構成否定前移 。5. 反意疑問：一般復合句的反意疑問句都是反意主句，但當主句主語為第 人稱而謂語動詞為 等時，要反意從句。6. 賓語從句與簡單句的轉換。 “疑問詞+動詞不定式”條件：_ _.【預習展示】21. 狀語從句的概念：在復合句中起 的作用，修飾主句中的 。2. 狀語從句的分類狀語從句的分類從句的引導詞例句時間狀語從句When ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， 等1)I was doing my homework my mother

3、came in.2)He did not go to bed his father came back.條件狀語從句if ， ， weather stops me, I go for a walk every day. 原因狀語從句because, ， ， everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.目的狀語從句 ， He gets up every morning so that he can catch the bus.結果狀語從句 ， ， ，Its hot nobody wants to go out.讓步狀語從句 ， ，Though he is y

4、oung , he knows a lot.比較狀語從句 ， ， He is as tall as Tom.地點狀語從句 ， Sit you like.方式狀語從句 ， He spokes as if he had been there before 【預習展示】31關于定語從句的概念(1)定語從句就是在復合句里充當 的從句，它通常緊靠在所修飾的 或 后面。(2) 就是被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。 (3)引導定語從句的詞叫 。2引導定語從句的關系詞： 關系代詞有 ， ， ， ， 關系副詞有 ， ， 3. 關系代詞的基本用法作主語作賓語 作定語指人 指物4. 關系副詞的基本用法關系副詞在定語從句

5、中作 ，分別表示 ， ，和 。5只能用that引導的定語從句(1)先行詞被 ， 修飾時。(2)先行詞是all, any, everything, anything, none, the one等 或被它們修飾時(3)當主句是 ，為避免重復，只用that(4)先行詞既 又 時。(5)先行詞被 ， ， ， ，修飾時?！窘處熅v】&1. 賓語從句(1)賓語從句的概念：在復合句中作賓語的從句(2)句子結構： 主句 +連詞（引導詞）+ 賓語從句(3)賓語從句三要點： 語序 引導詞 時態(tài)語序：陳述語序。什么是陳述句語序呢？就是be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞在_之后。改錯 His brother asks wh

6、en will he go to the library._ I dont know what does he want to buy . Can you tell me who are we going to meet ? 引導詞A賓語從句是陳述句（包括肯定句和否定句），用that引導，that在從句中不作成分，也無具體意思，可省略。 He will be back in an hour. （I think）（合為一句）_ _ _ I should visit the headmaster. （I feel）（合為一句）_ _ _注意在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry, sure,

7、afraid, glad等）作表語時，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句 。翻譯:對不起我不知道。 我們確信我們隊將贏。 恐怕他將不會通過考試。B當賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞if ; whether引導。Were you at home at nine yesterday? (The policeman wanted to know) （合為一句） Can we find out some information about that city . (Lets see.) （合為一句） 注意: 在賓語從句中一般情況下if 和whether可相互替換，以下情況只能用whether,

8、不能用if.a.在介詞后面只能用whether，不能用ifb.動詞不定式之前只用whether，不能用ifc.后面緊跟or not時只用whether，不能用ifd.用在句子開頭時只用whether，不能用ifWe are worried about_.明天是否下雨They asked me _.是否去溜冰。 He asked _我是否完成了作業(yè)。他是否會來，我們都不知道。_，we all dont know.C當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，由疑問詞引導。時態(tài)A主句是一般現在時，從句的時態(tài)根據需要而定。I know (that) he _ (join) the League in 1985.I s

9、ee that they _ (play) football over there.Tell me where he _ (live).I want to know how long you _(have) this bike.I hear that he _(come) tomorrow. B主句是一般過去時，從句用過去的某一時態(tài)I knew who_ （live） here. I saw she _（talk) with her mother. He asked whether his father _（come)back tomorrow. He said that he _ （see）

10、it . C當從句是客觀事實普遍真理時用一般現在時。 The teacher said that the sun_（travel）around the earth . It was true that there _(be) twelve months in a year.注意：A. could / would是委婉語氣，而不是過去式，因此賓語從句的時態(tài)根據實際情況用不同時態(tài)。 Could you please tell me where we_(show) our tickets ?Would you like to know when he _( come) back ? B. 連詞 if

11、 和 when 在不同從句中的區(qū)別：Do you know if _back next week ? If he _ back , please let me know . A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes C. he will come , comes D. he will come , will come I dont know when he _ (come) . I cant wait here any more . When he_ (come) , would you please ask him to call me

12、?C. 否定前移當主句主語為第一人稱而謂語動詞為think，suppose， expect，believe 等時，賓語從句中的否定詞not前移到 主句中，否定主句的動詞，構成否定前移 。 People will not live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. I believe （合為一句）D. 反意疑問句一般復合句的反意疑問句都是反意主句，但當主句主語為第一人稱而謂語動詞為think，suppose， expect，believe 等時，要反意從句。 Mr . Black doesnt believe his son can design a di

13、gital camera,_?I believe he can do it by himself,_?.賓語從句與簡單句的相互轉化。由特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句，當主句主語和從句主語一致時，賓語從句可轉化為“疑問詞+動詞不定式” 結構。例如：I dont know what I shall do next .I dont know what to do next.She didnt decide which one she would choose . She didnt decide_ _Please tell me whom youll give the letter to . Please

14、 tell me_ _&2. 狀語從句(1)狀語從句的概念：在復合句中起副詞的作用，用來修飾主句中的動詞，副詞和形容詞從句。(2)狀語從句的分類時間狀語從句A.時間狀語從句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來引導。 用連詞填空It was raining hard _ got to school yesterday._he was doing his homework, the telephone rang._he finished middle school, he went to work

15、in a factory.I have worked in this school _I graduated from Beijing University.Dont get off _the bus stops.Ill ring you up _ _ I get to New York.B.在時間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時態(tài)，用現在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。I will tell him everything when he _（come）back.He wont believe it until he_（see）it with his own eyes.C.在帶有till或until引導的

16、時間狀語從句的主從復合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到時”，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到 才”, “在以前不”, 謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。例如：Lets wait until the rain stops.We will not start until Bob comes.條件狀語從句A.條件狀語從句通常由if, unless引導。連詞填空What shall we do _ it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building _ I tell you to.B.在條件狀語從句里，謂語動詞通常用現在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例

17、如：Ill help you with your English if I _(be)free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he_(be)ill.C.“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句” 相當于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復合句。Hurry up, or youll be late.=_ Study hard and you will pass the exam._ .原因狀語從句A.原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as引導。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is rai

18、ning, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.B.because表示直接原因，語氣最強。Because引導的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后?；卮鹩蓋hy提出的問題，只能用because。As和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-_I dont want to._he has no car, he cant get there easily.C.because和so

19、不能同用在一個句子里。目的狀語從句A.目的狀語從句通常由 so that, in order that等引導。謂語中常含有may, might, can, could, will, would等情態(tài)動詞。例如He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.B.當從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，可用so as to, in order to. He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.= He worked day and night _ _C. so that既可引

20、導目的狀語從句，又可引導結果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個：a. 目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might等。例如Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語從句)b. 從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (結果狀語從句)結果狀語從句A. 結果狀語從句由sothat, suchthat, so that引導。例如He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for hi

21、s son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.B. sothat 與such.that區(qū)別。a. 在由so.that引導的結果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。結構是: so + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句so + 形容詞 + a/an +名詞單數 + that+ 從句b. 在由suchthat引導的結果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，結構是：such +a/an +（形容詞）+名詞單數 + that+

22、 從句 such + a/an (+形容詞) + 名詞復數 + that+ 從句c. 如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等詞修飾時，只能用so, 不用such。He was_glad_he couldnt say a word.He had _long arms _he could almost touch the ceiling.The hall is _big_ _it can hold 2,000 people.He has _little time _he cant go to the cinema with you.It was _a hot day _nob

23、ody wanted to do anythingMother lives _far away _we hardly ever see her.He made _rapid progress _he did very well in the mid-term.Soon there were _many deer _they ate up all the wild roses.d. 有時上述兩種結構是可以互換的。It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The match is so important

24、 that nobody wants to miss it.=e. sothat 句型的否定形式可用簡單句tooto或notenough to代替 He is so young that he cant go to school.=讓步狀語從句A. 讓步狀語從句通常由although, though等連詞引導。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.B. although (but)不能用在同一個句子中。例如：我們不能說：Though it was raining hard,

25、 but he still went out.應該說：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或者說：It was raining hard, but he still went out.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句通常由asas, not as/soas 比較級 + than等連詞引導。例如：Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句常常由where, wherever來引導。例如：Go wherever you like.Wh

26、ere there is a will, there is a way.方式狀語從句方式狀語從句由連詞或連詞詞組as if /though引導。as if /though引導的方式狀語一般要求用虛擬語氣。從句用過去時表示現在，用過去完成時表過去。例如：He spokes as if he had been there before .The animal was walking as though it had hurt its leg .&3. 定語從句(1) 關于定語從句的概念定語從句就是在復合句里充當定語的從句，它通常緊靠在所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。先行詞就是被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。

27、關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。在下列復合句中標出定語從句，先行詞，關系詞The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.(2) 引導定語從句的關系詞： 關系代詞有who (whose, whom), which, that;

28、 關系副詞有when, where, why。(3) 關系代詞和關系副詞的三大作用連接（連接定語從句和主語）替代（替代前面的先行詞）成分（在定語從句中要充當一定的句子成分）(4) 關系代詞有who (whose, whom), which, that的作用請勾選下列關系代詞的作用指人指物subject (主語)object (賓語)attribute（定語）thatwhichwhowhomwhose注意：關系代詞前有介詞，先行詞指人時，關系代詞只能用 ;先行詞指物時，關系代詞只能用 whose 引導定語從句，在從句中作 其后應緊跟 whose 引導定語從句，其先行詞可指人，也可指物。若指物，它

29、還可以與of which互換Please pass me the book whose cover is green.=Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.用that, who, which, whom或whose填空，并指出它們在句中作何成分。Alice likes singers _ write their own music. （作 ）Generally ，old people like music _ is quiet and gentle. （作 ）The girl _ you met just now in the

30、 street is my friend. （作 ）The woman _ _ coat is red is waiting for you at the gate. （作 ）This is the school in _ I studied two years ago. （作 ）The man with _ my father is talking over there is our head teacher.（作 ）(5) 關系副詞when, where, why的基本用法關系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，分別表示時間、地點和原因。如： This is the place we spent ou

31、r holidays last year. Ill never forget the day I graduated from college. I dont know the reason he didnt attend the meeting yesterday. (6)只能用that引導的定語從句先行詞被最高級、序數詞修飾時。This is the best that can be done now.先行詞是all, any, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時I have nothing that is worth reading.當主句

32、是who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只用thatWho is the man that is talking to Mr. White?先行詞既包括人又包括物時。The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時。This is the very pen that I am looking for.【演練展示】直擊中考()1.Could you tell me_？Yes, you can go t

33、here by bus. （2012銅仁）Ahow can I get to the Miao King City Bwhere is the Miao King CityChow I can get to the Miao King City Dwhere the Miao King City is()2.There will be a flower show in the park _we visited last week.（2012廣東） Awho Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich ( )3. - Mr. Gao went to Shanghai for the air exhib

34、ition last week. - Is that _ he had two days off? （2008無錫）A. what B. when C. why D. where( )4. I dont like bread. I wont eat it _ I am very hungry. （2008徐州）A. if B. when C. as D. unless( )5.Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well play chess instead. （2011泰安）A. wi

35、ll rain B. rained C. is raining D. rains( )6.Jack, could you tell me _? Sure. In the post office on Green Road. （2011溫州)A. where you bought the stamps B. where did you buy the stampsC. when you bought the stamps D. when did you buy the stamps( )7.Do you know the man _ is reading the book over there?

36、 Yes, hes Mr. Green, our PE teacher. （2011襄陽）A. which B. what C. whom D. who( )8. I hate travelling by air _ you usually have to wait for hours before the plane takes off. （2013上海） A. because B. though C. until D. unless( )9.Is there anyone here _ name is Betty? （2011呼和浩特） Sorry, I dont know. A. who

37、 B. which C. whom D. whose( )10.Being blind is something _most people cant imagine（2013杭州） A. who B. what C. that D. whom( )11.Mr. Li, I found a watch on the playground. （2011山西）You should try to find out _. A. whose is the watch B. who is the owner of the watchC. whom does the watch belong to( )12.

38、The first thing _ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.（2011 廣東） A. which B. that C. why D. who ( )13.That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing. Do you know _? For 5 years. （2012達州） A. how soon he will come back B. how long he has stayed there C. how long has

39、 he stayed there D. how often does he go there( )14.I dont know when _ tomorrow? I will call you as soon as he _. (2012恩施)A. will he come; arrives B. he will come; arrives C. he will come; will arrive( )15.Do you enjoy My heart will go on? No, I prefer songs _ loud. (2012達州)A. that is B. which is C.

40、 that are D. what are【當堂檢測】( )1. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken. A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had( )2. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where( )3. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are

41、in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where( )4. _ they may not succeed, they will try their best. A. Though B. When C. Because D. Unless( )5.Susan will not arrive at the airport on time _ she hurries up. A. once B. if C. when D. unless( )6.The story is easy to understand _ there are no new words in it. A. but B. so C. though D. because( )7