2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解-細(xì)節(jié)理解類-解題技巧及典例剖析

1、2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解 細(xì)節(jié)理解類 解題技巧及典例剖析【考點(diǎn)清單】一、細(xì)節(jié)理解類題目常見的設(shè)問方式高考對細(xì)節(jié)理解的考查主要分為兩種情況：一是詞語細(xì)節(jié)類，其答案基本可以直接從原文中找出來，考生只要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞與原文進(jìn)行對照，就能迅速鎖定答案；二是隱含細(xì)節(jié)類，這類題目雖然不能直接從原文找到對應(yīng)的詞匯或短語，但考生可以根據(jù)文章的隱含意義，如原因、方式或結(jié)果等獲得答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解類題目近幾年高考常見的設(shè)同方式有：1.When can you go to.?2.Where can.?3.What happened when.?4.What can people do.?5.What do

2、 we know about.?6.What is the reason for.?7.What was the reaction to.?8.Who can help you if you want to.?9.Who made a great contribution to.?10.Which number should you call if you.?11.Which tended to be.according to.?12.At which place can people.?13.Which of the following may require.?14.Why does Pe

3、ter have to.?15.How does.differ from.?二、細(xì)節(jié)理解類題目常見的命題類型1.直接信息題該類試題多對原文中的信息進(jìn)行直接考查。做題時(shí)，考生首先找到原文中與題干要求相對應(yīng)的信息，然后與選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對比即可確定答案。2.細(xì)節(jié)排序題該類試題要求考生根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，確定事件發(fā)生的先后順序。3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題該類試題要求考生根據(jù)文中提供的文字、數(shù)字、圖表等信息對年代、月份、費(fèi)用、價(jià)格等進(jìn)行計(jì)算。4.間接信息題該類試題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中不直接出現(xiàn)原文的信息，而是借助同義轉(zhuǎn)換、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)等方法對原文進(jìn)行適當(dāng)變換，讓考生做出判斷和選擇。三、干擾項(xiàng)常見的

4、模式1.是原文信息，但非題目要求的內(nèi)容；2.符合常識，但非文章內(nèi)容；3.與原句極為相似，只是略微有些變動(dòng)；4.與原文信息相矛盾；5.部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。四、解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題，要求考生細(xì)心在讀文章之前先讀題，對要考查的細(xì)節(jié)部分做簡要記錄，這樣，在讀文章時(shí)才能快而準(zhǔn)地鎖定目標(biāo)信息，以便節(jié)省時(shí)間和減少反復(fù)尋找細(xì)節(jié)的麻煩。對細(xì)節(jié)的考查通常涉及一些長難句，對此，不要驚慌，首先判斷是簡單句還是復(fù)合句，若是簡單句，先找句子的主、謂、賓，理解其主要意義，再理解附屬成分的意義。若是復(fù)合句，先判斷主句和從句，再分析各自的意義，最后理解整句意義?！痉诸惤馕觥?. 直接信息題認(rèn)真閱讀題干，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞明確答題方向 仔細(xì)比

5、較所給選項(xiàng)，與原文信息對應(yīng)，鎖定正確選項(xiàng)題干定位法運(yùn)用略讀、跳讀及査讀技巧迅速找到文中與問題相關(guān)的信息【典例】（2017全國1,A片段）Pacific Science Center GuideVisit Pacific Science Centers StoreDont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenit to remember your visit. The store is located(

6、位于） upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser DomeHungry?Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our cafe offers a complete menu of lunch and snack op-tions, in addition to seasonal specials. The cafe is located up-stairs in Building I and is open daily until one hour before

7、 Pa-cific Science Center closesRental InformationLockers are available to store any belongings during your visit . The lockers are located in Building I near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are availa-ble to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID r

8、equired.Q : Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Cen-A. In Building 1.B.In Building 3.C . At the Laser DomeD . At the Denny Way entrance .【解題思路】第一步 確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞本題題干的關(guān)鍵詞是：where;souvenir第二步根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句本題信息句是：Dont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a won

9、derful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于）upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome答案：B【干擾項(xiàng)分析】A、C、D三項(xiàng)張冠李戴。位于一號樓的咖啡館和問詢處等均不出售紀(jì)念品，排除A項(xiàng)；文章第一部分提到商店緊按著Laser Dome,而不是說在Laser Dome可以買紀(jì)念品，排除C項(xiàng)；根據(jù)文章第三部分中的“Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at t

10、he Information Desk and Denny Way en trance.可知，在DennyWay的入口處可以租借嬰兒車和輪而不能買紀(jì)念品，排除D項(xiàng)。2.間接信息題斷章取義法閱讀題干，有針對性的掃描全文，鎖定相關(guān)詞句等信息 仔細(xì)比較選項(xiàng)和原文信息，選擇正確或最佳答案斷章取義法準(zhǔn)確理解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，尋找與原文信息相關(guān)的近義詞、同義詞和反義詞【典例1】(2016全國I,A片段）Sandra Day OConnor(1930-present）When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at anford Law School

11、, in 1952, she could not find work at a law rm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state enator(參議員）and,in 1981,the first woman to join the U. Supreme Court . OConnor gave the deciding vote in many im-ortant cases during her 24 years on the top court .Q:What was the reason for OConnors be

12、ing rejected byA . Her lack of proper training in law .B . Her little work experience in court .C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.【解題思路】第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞本題題干的關(guān)鍵詞是：OConnor;the law firm第二步根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句本題的信息句是：When Sandra Day OConnor finished in her class at Stanford Law Scho

13、ol, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.第三步對比信息句和選項(xiàng)，得出答案根據(jù)信息句可知，0Connor找不到工作是因?yàn)樗且幻??？梢姡@是由于當(dāng)時(shí)對女性的偏見和歧視造成的。答案：C3.事件排序題首尾排除法找出第一個(gè)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作找出最后一個(gè)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)間排序題縮小選擇范圍，通過排除法確定正確選項(xiàng)典例（2014四川，C)A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a s

14、erious allergic(過敏的）reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy, nine, restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩）on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzys mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to us

15、e CPR.However, she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough, so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.Debbie then took over with some more conventional ches compressions(按壓）until the ambulance arrived.Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school,said : I just kicked him really h

16、ard . My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands . I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.Shes a little star, said Debbie. I was really upset but Izzy just took ov

17、er. I just cant believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.Truck driver Colm , 35 , suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and

18、 was taken to hospital , but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway sweventing him from breathing,his blood pressure dropped suddenly , and his heart stopped for a moment .He has now made a full recovery from his suffering .Q:Whats th

19、e right order of the events?.Dlzzy kicked Colm.Debbie called 999. lzzy learned CPR.Colms heart stopped.A.B.C.D.【解題思路】第一步速讀文章，了解故事情節(jié)由上下文可知，lzzy先前了解了一些CPR的知識，后來她父親因過敏反應(yīng)，心臟停止了工作，Izzy的母親Debbie撥打了999急救電話，然后lzzy采取了急救措施。第二步找出四個(gè)事件發(fā)生的先后順序事件一：lzzy learned CPR.事件二：Colms heart stopped.事件三：Debbie called 999.事件四：

20、Izzy kicked Colm.答案：C1. 數(shù)字計(jì)算題查讀分析法明確題干要求，鎖定原文相關(guān)信息對相關(guān)的信息和數(shù)字進(jìn)行分析和理解査讀分析法利用加、減、承、除等運(yùn)算方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算，確定答案【典例】（2015四川，C片段）Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed his moming as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their su-bermarket bunches of flowers . But , according to a new study , we

21、 should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.Mothers have long known that their home workload was just is heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours , they would earn as much as(172,000 a year.The study looked at the range of jobs m

22、others do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income $ 30,000 more than the Prime Minis-ter earns.Q:How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?A.$30,000B.$142,000.C.$172,000.D$202,000.【解題思路】第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞本題題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是：mot

23、her;the Prime Minister第二步根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句本題的信息句是：1 Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn much as 172.000 a year.2 This would make their yearly income 30.000 morethan the Prime Minister cams.答案：B(172.000-30.000=142.0002. 正誤判斷題逐項(xiàng)擊破法根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，找到相關(guān)的信息句對比選項(xiàng)

24、和信息句，逐項(xiàng)擊破去偽存真法表達(dá)絕對代的選項(xiàng)不一定是正確的選項(xiàng)典例1(2016四川，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the be choice for those wanting a good nights sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off-if it is milked froma cow at night.Researchers have discovered that night milk contains more mel

25、atonin(褪黑激素）,which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, in-volved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the a-mount of melato

26、nin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food .Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer .While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has

27、not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall a-sleep arevious studies have also indicated that milk can be excel-lent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax Milk is also sugar-free and additi

28、ve-free with nutritionists mending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime,the greater burden you will put on your body at nightQ:Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text ?A. Its been tested on mice for

29、 ten times.B.It can make people more energeticC. It exists in milk in great amount.D. Its used in sleeping drugs.【解題思路】第一步根據(jù)關(guān)鍵間找出相關(guān)信息句本題的信息句是：A:Those given night milk,which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and ess anxious than those fed with the milk collected during day

30、ime.B : Researchers have discovered that night milk contains more melatonin(褪黑激素）,which has been proven help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiely.C : Researchers have discovered that night milk contains more melatonin.D : . taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling w ial

31、l asleep at night .第二步對比選項(xiàng)與信息句，逐項(xiàng)擊破A項(xiàng)與信息句毫無關(guān)聯(lián)；B項(xiàng)與信息句意思相反；C項(xiàng)范圍擴(kuò)大化；D項(xiàng)與信息句符合。答案：D典例2(2017天津，B片段）Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的）view of the blue sea,white buildings and green olive trees,I paused to catch my breath and

32、 then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panoraUnfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman ap-proached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view . Like me , this woman was here to stop , sigh and appreci-ate the view.Patient as I was , after about 15 minutes , my camera scan-ning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I c