土木工程專業(yè)英語期末復習題

1、 專業(yè)英語復習題一、選擇題1. civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for (civilian) use, whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use2. attention must (be paid to) the working temperature of the machine.3. diplomatic relations (have been established) between china and t

2、he united states of America4. a direct current is a current (flowing) always in the same direction.5. its our duty to (comply with) the specification.6. dose your shop (supply) rebar ?7. neither I nor he (is) fond of music.8. the (above-mentioned)cements(水泥) are widely used on the construction site.

3、9. the production of steel has been increased (by) 70%.10. if the garden is big, some floodlights can be (installed).11. (wherever) you go, you can see many buildings.12. dams, (bridge), water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers to work together.13. the bigge

4、r quantity you order,(the lower until cost you will be offered).14. in modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are employed to move mountains and fill valleys to make the (surfaces) as direct as possible.15. besides its ability to sustain loads, concrete is also required to be (durable).

5、16. tensile failure of (reinforced) concrete happens easily and involves progressive micro-cracking.17. concrete is (inherently) a porous material (多孔材料)18. may I use your bike for a moment?-(by all means)(一定，務必)19.conclusions can be (drawn) from the above discussion.20.its a small country, yet has

6、a lot of (potential) resources.21.a persons calorie requirements vary (throughout)22.there is a computer syetem (with which) the company is experiencing problems.23. usually there is (less) traffic in the streets on weekday than on Sundays.24. The thief tried to open the locked door but (in vain)25.

7、 cracks would not only be unsightly but would (expose) the steel bars to corrosion by moisture and other chemical action.26.(having packed) their luggage, the tourists hurried to the airport.27.generous public funding of basic science would (lead to) considerable benefits for the countrys health,wea

8、lth and security.28.”you are very selfish,its high time you (realized) that you are not the most important person in the world,” edgar said to his boss angrily.29.(even if) the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have include all variables and modeled accurately.30.remember

9、that customers dont (bargain) about prices in the city. 二、詞組互譯1. tensile strength 抗拉強度：2. compressive strength 抗壓強度3. construction engineering 建筑工程4. reinforced concrete 鋼筋混凝土5. raw material 原材料6. civil engineers 土木工程師7. assemblage technology 裝配技術(shù)8. simply supported beam 簡支梁9. continuous beam 連續(xù)梁10.

10、 framing member 框架構(gòu)件11. bending strength 抗彎強度12. shearing strength 抗剪強度13. bill of quantities 工程量清單14. estimated cost 預算成本15. the column-diagonal truss tube 對頂柱桁架筒體16. cash flow 現(xiàn)金流動17. three-dimensional 三維的18. English for specialized science and technology 專業(yè)外語19. geotechnical engineering 巖土工程20. f

11、oundation settlement 地基沉降21. fundamental assumption 基本假設22. bending moment 彎曲力矩23. shear stress 剪應力，剪切應力24. normal stress 正應力，法向應力25. on schedule 按時26. be in equilibrium with 與平衡27. horizontal plane 水平面28. vertical plane 垂直面29. soil mechanics 土力學30. aerial photographs 航空攝影31. sanitary engineering 衛(wèi)生

12、工程32. detrimental agents 有害因素33. joint action 聯(lián)合作用34. deformed bars 變形鋼筋35. current situation(present situation) 現(xiàn)狀36. positive sequence 正序37. negative sequence 逆序（負序）38. fabrication plant 加工廠（加工設備）39. financial budget 財政預算40. divide by 除以41. in charge of 負責（主管）42. take account of 考慮到，顧及43. spectacu

13、lar achievements 驚人的成就44. ultrahigh-rise buildings 超高層建筑45. terminate contract 解除合同（終止合同）46. spandrel beams 外墻托梁47. encroach on 侵占，蠶食48. intersect surfaces 相交曲面49. bundled-tube structures 束筒結(jié)構(gòu)50. take delivery of 取貨，提貨三、翻譯句子1. The term civil engineering originally came into use to distinguish it fro

14、m military engineering . 土木工程這個術(shù)語起初是用來與軍事工程相區(qū)別的，土木工程處理 的是民用的永久性建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，而軍事工程則是主要負責處理臨時性的軍用建筑。2. Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit. 更多的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸來使建筑物的剛性更強，以使它們在風荷載作用下在容許范圍內(nèi)擺動。3. Str

15、uctural systems of reinforced concrete as well as steel,take full advantage of the inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore do not require additional stiffening to limit the sway. 鋼筋混凝土個鋼結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)充分利用了整個建筑的固有的潛在的剛度，因此不需要額外的加強材料來限制傾斜。4. The tube structural system was developed for

16、improving the resistance to lateral forces and the control of drift in high-rise building. 筒體結(jié)構(gòu)體系的發(fā)展是為了提高高層建筑抵抗側(cè)向力和飄移的能力。薄殼筒體使筒體結(jié)構(gòu)體系又向前邁進了一步。5. With the continuing need for larger and taller buildings,the framed tube or the column-diagonal truss table may be used in a bundled form to create larger t

17、ube envelops while maintaining high efficiency.隨著對更大更高的建筑的持續(xù)要求，框筒或?qū)斨旒芡搀w可能被用在捆綁的形式以創(chuàng)作更大的筒體外殼，同時又保持了高效力。6. The principles of fluid mechanics can be applied to daily life as in the case of the planes,the movement of fish in water,and the circulation of blood in the veins. 流體力學原理可以應用到日常生活中，如：飛行的飛機、魚在水

18、中的游動及血管中的血液循環(huán)等情況。7. Anthropogenic or human-induced pollutants have overload the system.人類或人類的活動引起的污染物已經(jīng)超過了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的承受能力。8. The role of an environmental engineer is to build a bridge between biology and technology by applying all the techniques to the job of cleaning the debris. 環(huán)境工程師的作用是，通過將各種技術(shù)應用于垃圾清理的

19、工作中，從而在生物與技術(shù)之間建造一座橋梁。9. Surveying is defined an art of collecting data for mapping the relative positions of points on the surface of earth in a horizontal plane. 測量是指為收集數(shù)據(jù)，以便在水平面內(nèi)畫出地球表面點的位置圖的一種技術(shù)。10. The engineering marvels of the world ,starting from the pyramids to todays thin shell structures,ar

20、e the results of development in civil engineering.11. As here understood ,it is the body of scientific knowledge which permits one to predict with a good degree of certainty how a structure of given shape and dimensions will behave when acted upon by known force or other mechanical influences. 正如由此處

21、所知結(jié)構(gòu)力學是科學知識體系，它使得人們能很確定地預測給定形狀和尺寸的結(jié)構(gòu)在已知力或其他力學因素下的性能。12. This proposition is not an assumption but a fact,because any body or any portion thereof can be at rest only if all forces acting on it are in equilibrium . 這一命題不是假設，而是事實，因為只有作用于物體或物體一部分的力平衡時，它才能靜止。13. Actually,the joint action of two materials

22、 as dissimilar and complicated as concrete and steel is so complex that it has not yet lent itself to purely catalytical treatment.實際上，像混凝土和鋼材這樣既復雜又不同的兩種材料的聯(lián)合作用是非常復雜的，目前還不能對其進行純分析處理。14. from this study a list of all items of work is prepared, and related items earthen grouped together for listing on

23、 a master schedule.根據(jù)研究，列出施工工程的各項工作內(nèi)容，并將相關(guān)內(nèi)容歸為一類，列在主要施工進度表上。15. other construction engineering duties are the layout of the work by surveying methods, the preparation of detail drawings to clarify the design engineers drawings for the construction crews, and the inspection of the work to ensure that

24、 it complies with plans and specifications. 工程施工的其他任務是：通過測量進行工程放線；準備細部圖紙，以使施工技術(shù)人員弄清設計工程師的圖樣意圖；工程檢查，以保證工程施工遵循設計及設計說明書。四、 根據(jù)詞根或詞綴寫單詞1. ag=do , act 做，動agency 機構(gòu)，作用；agential 代理人2. agri=field 田地，農(nóng)田agriculture 田地，農(nóng)田；agricultural 農(nóng)業(yè)的，農(nóng)藝的3. ann=year 年anniversary 周年紀念日 annual 每年的，年度的 4. audi=hear 聽 Audience 聽眾，傾聽 auditorium 禮堂，講堂5. brev=short 短brief 短暫的，簡短的 briefness 短暫，簡短6. ced=go 行走precedent 先行的，在前的 unprecedented 無先例的，空前的7. cept=take 拿，取except 除之外 exception 例外，除外8. cid，cis=cut，kill 切，殺decide 決定 decision 決定，決心9. circ=r