大學(xué)英語(yǔ)2課件unit.ppt

1、,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Book II,應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系列教程,應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程,Application-oriented college English Course,2,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Back,Next,Language Skills Development,Language in Use,Enhancement of Language Abilities,Unit 3,Unit Three,Table of Contents,3,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Focus1 content,Back,Next,Starter,Text: Bathroom policy,Working wi

2、th words and phrases,Discussion,Practice: interpreting,Practice: translation,Practice: writing,Surfing the Internet,Highlights,Table of Contents,Part 1 Language Skills Development,4,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1highlights,Back,Next,Highlights S: A bathroom quarrel L: Our bathroom problems R: Bathroom policy W: H

3、ow to avoid run-on sentences (2) Internet work: Renting apartments,Part 1 Language Skills Development,5,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,1. Starter,A. Look at the picture and answer the following questions.,6,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,1. Starter,(Open question.),1. Does the scene in the pic

4、ture look like that of your dormitory? What does your dormitory look like?,Everything is in a mess. For example, the toilet paper is on the bathroom floor; the towel is dripping; the bathroom is untidy.,2. How would you describe the bathroom?,7,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,B. Listen to a passag

5、e and answer the following questions.,1. Starter,They have rented an apartment off campus.,1. What do the students do in order to enjoy privacy?,8,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,1. Starter,They plan to work out a toilet policy.,3. How do they plan to solve the problem?,The other three have to cle

6、an it before they can use it because he often makes the toilet very dirty and untidy.,2. What is the problem with the toilet when Tom uses it every morning?,9,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,Our Bathroom Problems In order to enjoy our privacy, the four of us, senior students in a university, have

7、rented an apartment off campus. In this way, each one of us can have our own room but have to share one bathroom. All of us are very satisfied with that. Soon, however, a problem has emerged. That is, how to share our bathroom in the morning. Tom gets up earlier than the rest of us. Of course, he is

8、 always the first one to use it. But he has a bad habit of making the bathroom very dirty and untidy. After him, the other three of us have to do the cleaning work before we can use it.,1. Starter,Tapescript,10,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1starter,Back,Next,After him, the other three of us have to do the cleanin

9、g work before we can use it. John is the slowest in doing everything. Once he enters the bathroom, the rest of us have to wait for a long time. To make things worse, he has a habit of playing computer games over his laptop while he is on the toilet. No matter how hard we rush him or even threaten hi

10、m outside the bathroom, it does not work. He still holds it as if it is the most comfortable place in the world for him. And none of us can stand it any longer. Thus, it seems to all of us that it is time for us to work out a bathroom policy so that all of us can live comfortably together in the apa

11、rtment. Otherwise, more problems will arise sooner or later.,1. Starter,11,Warm Up,Back,Next,1. Do you get well with your roommates? How do you and your roommates deal with dormitory chores? 2. How do we protect our social resource?,Text Lead-in,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,12,Back,Next,Text Lead-in,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Text Org

12、anization,1,2-13,14-16,13,Back,Next,Text Lead-in,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Text Organization,Body (Paras. 2-13),Problems with our shared bathroom.,Problems with our shared planet.,Transition: Similarity between bathroom sharing and planet sharing,14,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,1 We were

13、four college sophomores. And we were not going to live in a dorm, no sir, we figured that we were smart, mature fellows and so we arranged to rent a house. Each person would have his own private bedroom and we would share the bathroom. Four guys, one bathroom. That sounds reasonable, right?,Translat

14、ion,洗手間使用規(guī)則 1 我們四個(gè)都上大二了，我們沒(méi)打算住在宿舍，從來(lái)沒(méi)想過(guò)。我們自以為自己既聰明又成熟，因此合計(jì)著租個(gè)房住。每個(gè)人都有自己?jiǎn)为?dú)的臥室，大家合用一個(gè)洗手間。四個(gè)小伙子，一個(gè)洗手間。聽(tīng)起來(lái)很合理，對(duì)不？,Question about Para. 1,dorm: n. C 集體寢室；（大學(xué)）宿舍 e.g. A new dorm rule was announced last week. 英文常見(jiàn)的省略詞還有：gym （gymnasium）/ lab （laboratory）/perm （permanent wave (燙發(fā))）/porn（pornography）/hippo(hi

15、ppopotamus (河馬)）,no sir: （美口語(yǔ)） 決不 e.g. We will never allow him in! No sir!,mature: a. 1)（智力和情感上）成熟的，理智的 e.g. You mustnt be jealous when your sister gets presents; you must learn to behave in a more mature way. 2) 發(fā)育成熟的 e.g. A monkey is mature at a few years old, but a human being isnt mature till at

16、 least 16. vi. 成熟 e.g. Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade.,arrange: vi./vt. 1) （就行動(dòng)或事情）提前達(dá)成協(xié)議 e.g. I arranged to meet them at 10 oclock. 2) 整理，排列，布置 e.g. She arranged the flowers well in the vase. arrange for: 安排（以便） e.g. Ive arranged for a taxi to pick us up at 1

17、0 oclock. n. arrangement,guy: n. 1) C (informal) 男人 e.g. The fat guy dropped asleep shortly after the film began. 2) C (esp. AmE)人（不論男女） e.g. You guys want to have a drink?,15,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,They decided to rent a house rather than live in a dorm. Because they figured that they were

18、smart, mature fellows.,1. What did the four college students decide to do in their second year of college? And why?,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,16,2 但還是先看看愛(ài)德華吧。愛(ài)德華一用完洗手間就沒(méi)人想用了，因?yàn)榭傆袞|西會(huì)被用完、用光、用盡。沒(méi)衛(wèi)生紙了？沒(méi)肥皂了？說(shuō)來(lái)也奇怪，愛(ài)德華好像總是最后一個(gè)用完這些東西的人。因此對(duì)我們其他人而言，洗手間的作用就大打折扣了，然而我們并未因此得到補(bǔ)償。東西都讓愛(ài)德華用了，我們感到忿忿不平。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1

19、text,Back,Next,2 But let me tell you about Edward. Nobody wanted to use the bathroom after Edward because something would be finished, gone, used up. No toilet paper? No soap? Edward somehow seemed always to be the last person to use these things. It reduced the value of the bathroom for the rest of

20、 us, yet we got no compensation. Edward was a taker. That felt unfair.,Translation,Question about Para. 2,Meaning: The rest of us were prevented from using the bathroom normally and nothing was done to make up for the inconvenience on our part.,Meaning: Edward is always a user of all the bathroom re

21、sources, such as toilet paper, soap, shampoo and so on. “taker” here refers to a person who uses the limited resources carelessly.,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,use up: 消耗，用盡 e.g. Some people take it for granted that the resources on Earth will never be used up. up = completely e.g. eat up (eat all of so

22、mething), drink up, burn up, mix up, save up, clean up, etc.,compensation: n. 1) U補(bǔ)償物，補(bǔ)償金，賠償金 e.g. The hotel offered $200 in compensation for the failure to fulfill the committed service for the customer. 2) C （對(duì)不利局面的）補(bǔ)償 e.g. One of the few compensations of being unemployed was seeing more of family

23、.,17,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,He was a taker as he always used much more bathroom resources such as toilet paper, soap than necessary.,2. What can we tell about Edward from the second paragraph?,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,18,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,3 How about Charlie? Well, he had a prob

24、lem tooshaving. It was always a disappointment to see Charlie walk into the bathroom, because by the time he was done, you would find shaving cream on the mirror, on the sink, on the floor. Lots of shaving cream was all over the place. And if it doesnt get cleaned up, it looks bad and becomes unsani

25、tary. The rest of us picked up after Charlie, but we got no compensation for doing so. Charlie was a polluter. That felt unfair.,Translation,3 查理呢？哎，他刮胡子時(shí)也有一個(gè)毛病。一看到查理走進(jìn)洗手間我們就沮喪，因?yàn)樗挥猛晗词珠g，鏡子上、池子里、地板上到處都是剃須膏。整個(gè)洗手間剃須膏隨處可見(jiàn)。如果不好好打掃，就會(huì)不堪入目，變得很臟。我們其他人只好在查理用完洗手間后徹底收拾一番，但干這些什么補(bǔ)償也得不到?？森h(huán)境都是查理污染的，我們心里有氣。,2. Tex

26、t: Bathroom Policy,Question about Para. 3,Meaning: It was always disappointing to see Charlie walk into the bathroom, because by the time he finished using it, you would find the bathroom was in a total mess, with shaving cream all over, on the mirror, on the sink, and even on the floor.,Meaning: Af

27、ter Charlie used the bathroom, the rest of us cleaned it thoroughly before we could use it. However, we got nothing in return for the cleaning.,be done: 結(jié)束 e.g. I will help you when I am done with my term paper.,clean up: 掃除，清掃 e.g. Its your turn to clean up the bedroom.,unsanitary: a. 不衛(wèi)生的，不健康的 e.g

28、. There was a small and unsanitary inn nearby.,pick up after sb.:（為某人）收拾，整理 e.g. All I seem to do is cook, wash and pick up after the kids.,19,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,He was a polluter as he always made the bathroom unsanitary and untidy.,3. What can we tell about Charlie from the third parag

29、raph?,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,20,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,4 Andrew was a nice fellow. He was thrifty and neat. But there was a difficulty. Once inside the bathroom, he wouldnt come out! The rest of us would be waiting around to use the bathroom, pleading, urging, and begging. It did no good. Andrew too

30、k long stretches of time in the bathroom. That restricted access for the rest of us, and yet we got no compensation. Andrew was a monopolizer. That felt unfair.,Next,Back,Translation,4 安德魯還不錯(cuò)，既節(jié)儉又干凈。但也有麻煩。他一走進(jìn)洗手間就不愿出來(lái)。我們其他人要用洗手間只能在外面干等，不停地呼喊、催促、哀求，但無(wú)濟(jì)于事。安德魯長(zhǎng)時(shí)間占用洗手間，影響了我們其他人的使用，然而我們得不到任何補(bǔ)償。安德魯太霸道，我們感

31、到?jīng)]有公理可言。,Question about Para. 4,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,thrifty: a. 節(jié)儉的，節(jié)約的 e.g. She is a thrifty housekeeper.,neat: a. 1) 愛(ài)整潔的 e.g. The new lodger was fortunately a neat person. 2) 整齊的，整潔的 e.g. She had small, neat writing.,plead: vi./vt. 1)懇求，央求，祈求 e.g. The child pleaded with her strict mother to

32、let her go out and play. 2) 承認(rèn)（有罪或無(wú)罪） e.g. The man pleaded guilty to murdering the girl.,urge: vt. 1) 懇求，催促，力勸 e.g. He urged me to introduce him to my beautiful friend, Mary. 2) 竭力主張，強(qiáng)烈要求，強(qiáng)調(diào) e.g. I urge caution in interpreting these results. n. C 強(qiáng)烈的欲望，沖動(dòng)，迫切要求 e.g. The urge to survive drove them on.

33、,good: n.用處，好處 e.g. Its no good talking to him because he never listens. Whats the good of buying a book without reading it?,stretch: n. C（時(shí)間）連續(xù)的一段 e.g. He has been in America for a stretch of 10 years and is not aware of what had happened here.,restrict: vt. 限制，約束 e.g. Membership of the club is res

34、tricted to men only. His activities were restricted by old age.,Meaning: The rest of us would be waiting outside, asking him earnestly, rushing him repeatedly, asking him to finish earlier so that we could use the bathroom.,21,He was a monopolizer as he always took long stretches of time in the bath

35、room depriving the others of the proper access to it.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,4. What can we tell about Andrew from the fourth paragraph?,Next,Back,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,22,5 那第四個(gè)人呢？那就是我。我沒(méi)有什么不良惡習(xí)，對(duì)洗手間很愛(ài)護(hù)，對(duì)每個(gè)人也很公平。反正，你不得不這樣認(rèn)為，因?yàn)槲也粫?huì)告訴你他們?nèi)齻€(gè)中任何一個(gè)人目前的住址。 6 那一年我們四個(gè)郁郁寡歡、滿(mǎn)腹牢騷。我們?cè)凇跋词珠g使用規(guī)則”上存在分歧，卻沒(méi)有找到解決的辦法。,

36、上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,5 The fourth person? That was me. I had no bad habits, and treated the bathroom perfectly and with fairness to everyone. Or at least youll have to believe that, because I am not going to give you the current address of Edward, Charlie or Andrew. 6 The four of us felt u

37、nhappy and dissatisfied that year. We had a “bathroom policy” problem and we did not find a way to solve it.,Translation,Questions about Paras. 5-6,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,23,He claimed to have had no bad habits, treated the bathroom perfectly and was fair to everyone, but we have no evidence to co

38、nfirm this.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,5. What can we tell about the author according to the description of himself?,Next,Back,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,They felt unhappy and dissatisfied because they had much trouble sharing the bathroom.,6. How did they feel in the year when they shared a rented house? A

39、nd why?,24,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,7 Now lets talk about you and everyone on Earth. We dont have to share a single bathroom. But we do all share one planet. 8 Our planets natural resources are a common heritage for all humanity, just as the bathroom was a common resource for the four of us in college.

40、9 Look what is happening to our planet.,Back,Next,Translation,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,英語(yǔ)中，助動(dòng)詞do常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 e.g. We did try to reach him last night. She does have a strong local dialect even when speaking English.,heritage: n. U 遺產(chǎn)，繼承物 e.g. We must take care to preserve our national heritage.,humanit

41、y: n. 1) U 人類(lèi) e.g. Humanity has made great progress in space exploration and medicine. 2) U 人性，人道，仁慈，博愛(ài) e.g. He treated the prisoners with humanity.,7 現(xiàn)在該輪到談?wù)撃愫偷厍蛏系钠渌肆恕Ｕ\(chéng)然，我們所有的人不必共用一個(gè)洗手間，但我們確實(shí)共享一個(gè)地球。 8 正如洗手間是我們四個(gè)大學(xué)生的公共資源一樣，對(duì)于全人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)，地球上的自然資源是共同財(cái)富。 9 來(lái)瞧瞧地球所受到的待遇吧。,25,10 我們看到諸如愛(ài)德華之類(lèi)的人或公司過(guò)度使用石油、淡水和礦產(chǎn)資源，

42、卻不對(duì)我們其他人做出任何補(bǔ)償。 11 我們看到像查理一樣的人或公司將有毒廢物、化學(xué)物質(zhì)、碳排放到空氣中，污染了土地、水和空氣，造成世界生存危機(jī)，迫使其他人去清除污染，但他們卻并未對(duì)我們其他人做出任何補(bǔ)償。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,10 We see people or corporations like Edward, taking more than their fair share of oil, fresh water, minerals, without compensating the rest of us. 11 We see people or corporat

43、ions like Charlie, polluting the land, water and air with toxic wastes, chemicals, carbons in the atmosphere, making the world less safe, forcing others to clean up, and they are not compensating the rest of us.,Back,Next,Translation,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,toxic: a. 有毒的；中毒的 e.g. Those vegetables a

44、ctually became toxic because of a heavily polluted river nearby.,atmosphere: n. 1) C, sing.（尤指室內(nèi)的）空氣 e.g. These flowers love warm, humid atmospheres. 2) C （圍繞地球、星球等的）大氣，大氣層 e.g. pollution of the atmosphere 3) C, U 氣氛，環(huán)境 e.g. The talk was conducted in a friendly atmosphere.,26,premature: a. 1)（做事）草率的

45、，倉(cāng)促的 e.g. She was a bit too premature in giving up this job. 2) 未成熟的；過(guò)早的，提早的 e.g. His premature death at the age of 32 is a great loss.,Meaning: There are people or companies taking control of resources just like Andrew. For example, a real estate agent occupies an acre of land in the city without d

46、eveloping it, expecting a higher price. For that purpose, they remove the rest of us from where we live. Thus development of land is imposed on the countryside rather than in the city.,12 我們看到像安德魯一樣的人或公司壟斷了諸如土地之類(lèi)的資源大都市的一個(gè)土地投機(jī)商，占著一英畝地不用，期待地產(chǎn)漲價(jià)，把我們其他人趕走，把開(kāi)發(fā)引向農(nóng)村。市中心一英畝得到合理的開(kāi)發(fā)，就可以避免郊區(qū)十多英畝地被過(guò)早草率地開(kāi)發(fā)。,上海交通

47、大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,12 We see people or corporations like Andrew, monopolizing resources such as landan urban land speculator who holds an acre out of use, anticipating a price rise, is displacing the rest of us, forcing development out into the countryside. A single acre of downtown land brought into

48、use would save a dozen outside acres from premature sprawl development.,Back,Next,Translation,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,monopolize: vt.壟斷，獨(dú)占 e.g. These two firms are so big and powerful that they monopolize the production and sale of cigarettes in this country.,speculator: n. C 投機(jī)者 e.g. His case was

49、financed by speculators who hoped to profit from his victory. speculate: vi. 1)做投機(jī)生意 e.g. He speculated successfully in mining shares. 2) 推測(cè)；猜測(cè) e.g. He was speculating that this might be his last chance.,out of use: 不使用，不再使用 e.g. That expression has gone out of use. in use (在使用中). 類(lèi)似短語(yǔ): out of/in st

50、ock (沒(méi)有/有庫(kù)存現(xiàn)貨) out of/in order (雜亂無(wú)章/ 井然有序 ) out of/in sight (看不見(jiàn)/看得見(jiàn)),displace: vt. 1) 迫使離開(kāi)家園 e.g. The American Indians were soon displaced by the settlers. 2) 取代，替代，頂替 e.g. Gradually factory workers have been displaced by machines.,downtown: a. 城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)中心區(qū)的 e.g. Our downtown office stays open from 9:0

51、0 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. ad. 往（在）城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)中心區(qū) e.g. They went downtown to see a ballet.,bring into use: 投入使用，開(kāi)始使用 e.g. The new machine has been brought into wide use. bring into: 使開(kāi)始 類(lèi)似短語(yǔ): to bring (sth.) into being 使（某事）產(chǎn)生 to bring (sth.) into play使（某事）發(fā)揮作用 to bring (sth.) into force使（某事）發(fā)揮效力/力量,Meaning: If a

52、 single acre of land in the city center was made full use of, a dozen acres of land in the rural areas would not be developed in a rash, unplanned manner.,sprawl: n. C, usu. sing., U雜亂的擴(kuò)展，無(wú)序擴(kuò)展 e.g. a sprawl of industrial development vi. 1)伸開(kāi)四肢坐（或躺） e.g. He found her sprawled out in a comfortable cha

53、ir asleep. 2)雜亂地大面積鋪開(kāi) e.g. The city sprawled for miles in each direction.,27,13 那些占有者、壟斷者和污染者正將他們的成本強(qiáng)加到我們其他人身上，強(qiáng)加到整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)上。我們被迫降低效率或忍受艱辛，這樣那些占有者、壟斷者和污染者能夠受益。我們對(duì)此氣憤不已。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,13 Those who take, monopolize, and pollute, are imposing costs on the rest of us and on the economy in general. We

54、are forced to be less efficient, or forced to endure hardships, so that the takers, monopolizers and polluters can benefit. That is not fair.,Back,Next,Translation,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,Question about Para. 13,impose: vt. 1) 把強(qiáng)加于，迫使 e.g. The conquerors imposed difficult conditions of peace on the

55、 defeated enemy. 2) 推行，采用（規(guī)章制度） e.g. The government decided to impose a protective tariff on foreign cars.,economy: n. 1) C 經(jīng)濟(jì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)情況 e.g. The new oil that we have found will improve the local economy. 2) U節(jié)約，節(jié)省 e.g. The employees of the firm practised strict economy in doing everything. 同根詞: Economic

56、s 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Economical 節(jié)儉的，精打細(xì)算的，節(jié)省的 Economic 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的,efficient: a. 有效率的 e.g. He is an efficient manager. compare: efficient, effective efficient 指的是做事快而且效率高，而effective則指的是產(chǎn)生了預(yù)期的效果。 e.g. His efforts to improve the school have been very effective.,endure: vt./vi. 1)忍耐，忍受 e.g. As the pain-killer is not ava

57、ilable now, I will have to endure the annoying toothache till morning. Be quiet! I cant endure that noise a moment longer. 2) 持續(xù)，持久 e.g. They vowed their love would endure forever.,benefit: vi./vt.（使）獲益，受益，得到好處 e.g. Businessmen stand to benefit from these changes. The sea air will benefit you. n. U,

58、 C 優(yōu)勢(shì)， 益處；成效 e.g. The new credit cards will be of great benefit to our customers.,28,7. What is unfair in using our common resources according to the author?,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,Back,Next,People or corporations like Edward, Charlie and Andrew who take, pollute and monopolize are having more share o

59、f our common resources than justified and imposing costs on the rest of us and on the economy in general.,2. Text: Bathroom Policy,29,14 這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以解決嗎？當(dāng)然可以。很簡(jiǎn)單。為了尊重我們?cè)诘厍蛸Y源方面的共同利益，那些占有過(guò)多、壟斷成性或污染地球的人應(yīng)該賠償那些受其害的人。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,14 Is there a solution? Of course there is. Its a simple solution. To respect our common interest in our planets resources, those who take or monopolize or pollute more than their fair share of