【高考輔導(dǎo)資料】2011屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：專題二_完形填空之說明文

2011屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：專題二 完形填空之說明文（2）（新課標）二、說明文【體裁詮釋】 說明文一般用簡練的語言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點、構(gòu)造、成因、關(guān)系或事物的運動變化、發(fā)展的過程及規(guī)律。說明文十分講究條理性，一般采用時間順序、空間順序或邏輯順序。 1. 說明文一般分為三類： 事物的說明；事理的說明; 文藝性的說明。 2. 說明文通常具有下列特點： (1)多用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。因為說明文通常是對客觀事物或事理的一種介紹與解釋，而這種客觀介紹與解釋一般是不隨時間變化而變化的。 (2)采用客觀描述。說明文一般是對客觀存在的說明與介紹，因此，語言的表述也應(yīng)該盡可能地給人以客觀可信的感覺。 (3)遣詞用字簡練、平實、確切。 說明文的主要目的是幫助讀者認清事物，明白事理，故其語言通常較為淺顯、通俗，比較易于讀者理解。其內(nèi)容也很客觀真實，它的用詞總是貼近事物的本來面目，不會使用華麗的詞藻和夸張的寫作手法，一般也不加描述和議論。 3. 做好說明文完形填空，最主要的是抓住文章說明的中心，這要求考生做好三方面： （1）注意文章的說明順序，常見的說明順序有時間、空間、邏輯（指先因后果或先果后因，先主后次的順序）和認識順序（指由此及彼，由淺入深，由局部到整體，由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)，由具體到抽象的順序）。把握了說明的順序，就能準確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，抓住文章中心。 （2）注意段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系，說明文的首段往往是文章的主題段，每段的首句也是主題句，一定把握好主題段和主題句，這是做好這類完形填空題的前提。 （3）注意文章結(jié)尾，文章結(jié)尾的段落往往對說明的問題進行總的概括，有時就是文章的點睛之處。【典例探究】（2010安徽卷）Most people give little thought to the pens they write with , especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very 36things are handwritten .All too often, people buy a pen based only on 37and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it .However, buying a pen that youll enjoy is not 39 if you keep the following in mind. First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use .The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征)41comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers, you may 43 a fatter pen .The length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feel top-heavy and unstable.Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均勻的) while the pen remains in touch with the paper. 47 will make it possible for you to create a 48 line of writing .The point should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again. 52 , the pen should make a thick , dark line. Fine-line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but fine, delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text ,as , 55, a signature on a printed letter .A broader line, on the other hand ,gives an impression of confidence and authority (權(quán)威)。 36.A.many B. few C. pleasant D. important37.A.looks B. reason C. value D. advantages38.A.once B. if C. because D. though39.A.convenient B. practical C. strange D. difficult 40.A.heavy B. easy C. hard D. safe41.A.taking B. finding C. determining D. seeking 42.A.stronger B. weaker C. smaller D. larger43.A.prefer B. recommend C. prepare D. demand 44.A.hardly B. also C. never D. still45. A. thick B. light C. long D. soft KS5U.COM46. A. change B. allow C. reduce D .press 47. A. They B. One C. This D. Some48. A. from B. rough C. black D. smooth49. A. prevent B. free C. protect D. remove50. A. way B. sight C. flow D. stream51. A. so B. as C. and D. yet52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally53. A. show up B. differ from C. break down D. compensate for54. A. attention B. support C. respect D. admission55. A. at most B. for example C. in brief D. on purpose【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了什么樣的鋼筆才算是得心應(yīng)手的鋼筆。36【解析】選B。既然現(xiàn)代家庭和辦公室里有了打印機，那么手寫的東西就少了。many多的；pleasant令人愉快的；important重要的few 少的。37【解析】選A。下文提到“人們一旦開始用鋼筆，卻并不滿意”可知當(dāng)時挑選鋼筆時，主要是根據(jù)其外觀買的。looks 外表，外貌； reason原因； value 價值；advantages優(yōu)點，優(yōu)勢。38【解析】選A。此處應(yīng)是時間狀語從句，用once 引導(dǎo)，“一旦開始用鋼筆，卻并不滿意”； once 一旦；if 如果； because因為；though 雖然，盡管。39【解析】選D。句意：如果你記住了以下幾點的話，買一支你喜歡的鋼筆是不難的。convenient 方便的；easy容易的； strange奇怪的，陌生的； difficult困難的。40【解析】選B。根據(jù)常識可知，好的鋼筆應(yīng)該是用起來很好用，很舒服的。heavy重的； easy容易的，舒適的； hard硬的，難的； safe安全的。41【解析】選C。鋼筆的粗細是決定舒服度的最重要的特征。determine決定；seek追求，尋找。42【解析】選D。和上句的small hand and thick fingers相對照，此處應(yīng)是larger hand and thicker fingers。43【解析】選A。句意：如果你的手比較大，手指比較粗的話，你可能更喜歡粗點的鋼筆。prefer喜愛；recommend推薦，建議；prepare準備；demand要求，需要。44【解析】選B。上文提到鋼筆的粗細是決定舒服度的最重要的特征，此處又提到其長度也影響舒適度。故選also 也。hardly 幾乎不；never從不；still仍然。45【解析】選C。上文提到長度也會影響鋼筆的舒適度，那么造成鋼筆給人不平穩(wěn)感覺的就應(yīng)是鋼筆太長了，所以選long長的。thick粗的；light輕的；soft柔軟的。46【解析】選B。此處的意思應(yīng)是“筆尖應(yīng)讓墨水出水均勻”，故選allow允許； change改變； reduce 減少；press 按，壓。47【解析】選C。this指代上文中提到的“鋼筆出水均勻”。48【解析】選D。出水均勻的鋼筆能夠讓字體線條流暢。smooth流暢的，光滑的；thin纖瘦的；rough粗糙的，不平的；black黑色的。49【解析】選A。筆尖應(yīng)該是當(dāng)鋼筆拿起來時，不再出水。prevent from doing 阻止做某事，此處指防止墨水流出free from 使免除； protect . from保護不受到傷害；remove from把從消除。50【解析】選C。不能阻止墨水流出的筆尖會在你拿起鋼筆在放下時留下一灘灘的墨跡。way道路；sight視力；flow流量；stream小溪。51【解析】選B。as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。當(dāng)你拿起鋼筆在放下時留下一灘灘的墨跡。52【解析】選D。此處是列舉的最后一條。meanwhile與此同時；generally一般情況下；afterwards后來；finally最后。53【解析】選D。細線條的鋼筆或許會補償差的書寫。show up出席；differ from不同于；break down出故障，垮掉；compensate for補償，賠償。54【解析】選A。細線條的文字和印刷的文字在一起時，細線條的文字不會得到人們的注意，例如作為打印信件簽名時。attention注意力；support支持；respect尊重；admission許可。55【解析】選B。舉例說明用for example；at most至多；in brief 簡言之；on purpose故意地?！靖櫻菥殹?、（2011吉林省實驗中學(xué)高三第二次模擬考試）“ Down-to-earth” means someone or something that is honest, practical and easy to deal withIt is 36 to find someone who is down-to-earthA person who is down-to-earth is easy to talk to 37 accepts other people as equalsA down-to-earth is just the 38 of someone who acts importantly and proudly.Down-to-earth persons may be 39 members of society, of courseBut they do not let their importance “ go to their 40 ”They do not 41 themselves to be better persons than others of less importance, someone who is filled with his own importance and 42 , often without cause, is said to have “his nose in the air”There is no way a person with his nose in the 43 can be down-to-earthAmericans use another expression that means almost the same 44 “down-to-earth”The expression is “both-feet-on-the-ground”Someone with both-feet-on-the-ground is a person 45 a good understanding of realityHe has what is called “ 46 sense”He may have 47 , but he does not allow them to 48 his knowledge of what is realThe opposite kind of person is 49 who has his “head-in-the-clouds”A man with his head in the clouds is a dreamer whose mind is not in the 50 world.Sometimes 51 a dreamer can be brought back to earth 52 words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.Usually, the person who is down-to-earth is very 53 to have both-feet-on-the-ground. 54 we have both our feet on-the-ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act 55 and openly toward othersOur lives are like the ground below us, solid and strong.36Acommon Bsad Cpleasant Dsurprising37Abut Byet Cand Dwhile38Akind Blike Cexample Dopposite39Aimportant Bfamous Csuccessful Dnecessary40Anose Bheads Cminds Dforehead41Awish Bdesire Cexpect Dconsider42Aproud Bpride Cfamous Dfame43Aair Bsky Ctree Dcloud44Alike Bwith Cof Dfor45Ahas Bwho Cis Dwith46Ausual Bordinary Ccommon Ddaily47Adreams Bfortunes Cadvantages Dluck48Aprevent Bprotect Cblock Dgain49Aone Bthose Cthat Dthe one50Areality Breal Cdreamful Dtrue51Aso Bsuch Ceach Dthat52ASharp BNo CAll DBad53Aable Bprobable Clikely Dpossible54AWhen BWhile CAs DSince55Akindly Bdirectly Cfriendly Dhonestly 2、（2011福建省南安第一中學(xué)高三畢業(yè)班期中考試）My bed is supposed to be the best part of my home the place where I go to find 36_ and relaxation after a long, stressful day. So, lately, why do I get 37 just looking at it? I cant leave this problem unsolved to the next day, because I cant get to 38 in the first place: I am a victimof insomnia (失眠).Im not 39 _: studies show that more than one in three people worldwide 40 insomnia. It takes different 41 : some people can get to sleep on time, but 42 much too early; others get a full-nights sleep but still 43 very tired when they wake up. And then there are people like me, ordinary insomniacs who toss and turn all 44 , trying to fall asleep.Insomnia is most commonly a side effect of depression, but it can 45 be caused by many other ailments (小病痛). To find the 46 , doctors first find out the cause by 47 a “sleep diary,” in which you record your sleep habits. The diary may reveal (揭示) lifestyle patterns, 48 an afternoon nap, which are causing your 49 . Dr. Mark Dyken, a specialist in sleep disorders, writes that, “a good sleep diary can often 50 the patients to cure themselves.”A good nights sleep is created during the day. 51 in the beginning or middle of the day, and 52 from caffeine, alcohol and cigarettes in the afternoon and evening. After dark, dim (使暗淡) the lights and try to 53 stress. Our bodies like consistent (一貫的) patterns, so we should let 54 know that its time to wind down. If you cant fall asleep, keep the lights 55 . Try reading a book or listening to soft music. Youll most likely be asleep. 36. A. courageB. knowledgeC. decisionD. energy37. A. nervousB. comfortableC. calmD. satisfied38. A. liveB. restC. sleepD. play39. A. sadB. aloneC. pleasedD. afraid40. A. suffers fromB. benefits fromC. quarrels aboutD. struggles for41. A. waysB. effectsC. resultsD. forms42. A. get upB. wake upC. dreamD. turn over43. A. feelB. becomeC. proveD. look44. A. eveningB. dayC. nightD. time45. A. stillB. alsoC. evenD. only46. A. causeB. reasonC. excuseD. cure47. A. keepingB. discussingC. writingD. describing48. A. asB. likeC. forD. about49. A. illnessB. questionC. problemD. worry50. A. haveB. allowC. letD. make51. A. SleepB. WorkC. ReadD. Exercise 52. A. stay awayB. come outC. stay outD. make out53. A. rememberB. increaseC. keepD. reduce 54. A. itB. thatC. themD. this 55. A. bright B. low C. bad D. good3、 What is in the drug that makes you sick or dead? For example, cocaine is harmful, but what makes it harmful? I cant tell you all about drugs, but I can _36_ you think about them in this _37_ way. Your body is a very complicated machine, _38_ a lot of chemical machinery, all of which is finally turned _39_ it all works together. Special chemicals, which we call drugs, can affect it in many different ways. Some drugs are _40_ when your body has a problem, as with diseasecausing bacteria. Then someone may give you aspirin to keep your temperature from going too _41_ or some penicillin (青霉素) _42_ it stops the growth of some kinds of bacteria. _43_, all drugs are really poison, _44_ if you take too much, so you must always use them _45_. Why do some people take drugs like cocaine? For a little while they seem to make you feel better, or happier. But _46_ their effects have _47_, your body has to pay an extra _48_ to get back to normal. That makes you want to get _49_ of the drug. Drugs like cocaine have their special effects because they act as _50_ for your nervous system. They cut off some of your nerve pathways and take away some of your senses and your _51_. They make you want always more. And just a little too much can even _52_ nerves to your heart and stop its beating Many of us worry about the _53_ around us and what pollution does to us. How about your internal environment and what goes on _54_ you? You control that all by yourself in what you put into your _55_. Most drugs are pollutants. You would not want pollutants in the air and water around you. Why would you want pollutants in your body?36.A.makeB.causeC.helpD.let37.A.funnyB.differentC.simpleD.true38.A.justB.reallyC.especiallyD.sometimes39.A.as if Beven ifC.whereD.so that40.A.powerfulB.helpfulC.painfulD.helpless41.A.highB.tallC.muchD.hot42.A.whenB.untilC.asD.before43.A.besidesB.thusC.howeverD.naturally44.A.at mostB.at leastC.at timesD.at first45.A.carefullyB.easilyC.carelesslyD.a lot46.A.whereB.beforeC.afterD.until47.A.workedB.wornC.appearedD.lost48.A.numberB.quantityC.amountD.price49.A.Some moreB.nothingC.a littleD.a few50.A.guardsB.medicineC.chemicalsD.poisons51.A.worriesB.happinessC.freedomD.pride52.A.leadB.blockC.offerD.stick53.A.placesB.natureC.peopleD.environment54.A.insideB.aroundC.outsideD.next55.A.heartB.headC.bodyD.mind4、When I moved into an empty dormitory for the first time two years ago, I was certain of a few things. Firstly, I realized that I didnt 31 anybody at the school. Secondly, I knew that I wanted to work hard at my lessons and 32 something useful. And thirdly, I wanted to have a good time with new classmates, without my parents around.The first 33 frightened me in the beginning. But that 34 quickly disappeared. It was the other two goals 35 ended up being my difficulties. I knew that it was 36 to devote enough time to class and to social efforts. But I wanted to 37 in both. I knew this would be a 38 , but I didnt realize how much until classes began.I got on well with the other girls who lived in my dorm. 39 , instead of finishing my homework 40 it was due, I went upstairs and had ice cream with my neighbor. I always finished it the next day between classes. I knew 41 wasnt very good and the grade I 42 showed my lack of effort.I was 43 that I needed to find some sort of balance.So I created a schedule that would 44 my time up between going to class, doing homework, and relaxing. It seemed like a good idea, 45 I was only able to 46 it for a few days. A schedule like that was too much pressure.So I tried another 47. Each week I made a list of everything I had to get done during that week.Then, under the list of things I had to get done, I 48 a list of things I could do if I had time.This is the method I have used since then. Im glad that Ive learned to 49 things and it has 50 prepare me for what is to come after graduation.31. A. knowB. recognizeC. realizeD. like32. A. understandB. learnC. tryD. tell33. A. teacherB. dayC. classD. realization34. A. happinessB. excitementC. fearD. desire35. A. whichB. whatC. thatD. who36. A. hardB. easyC. interestingD. nice37. A. winB. succeedC. getD. wish38. A. chanceB. jobC. challengeD. time39. A. OftenB. SeldomC. UnluckilyD. Fortunately40. A. becauseB. whenC. afterD. before41. A. itB. oneC. theseD. I42. A. demandedB. tookC. acceptedD. received43. A. asleepB. awakeC. ashamedD. aware44. A. fixB. divideC. putD. build45. A. soB. andC. butD. however46. A. useB. keepC. followD. make47. A. planB. energyC. pressureD. effort48. A. madeB. foundC. pickedD. brought49. A. doB. controlC. balanceD. hold50. A. hadB. helpedC. letD. forced5、 Mars is not, it seems, the dry old planet we once believed （36） Astronauts who are （37） to go there in the next decade may find plenty （38） water to slake （消除） their thirstAnd with water present the （39） of finding some sort of life of Mars are （40） brighterThis is the view of forty geologists who have been analyzing （41） of pictures and other scientific （42） obtained by robot explorers in the sixties and seventiesTo begin with, scientists thought the Red planet was as （43） as the Moon （44） dust storms swirling over vast sandy （45） But now the picture is very different （46） mountains and valleys carved by （47） glaciers and rivers rushing and rumbling deep undergroundIn a report on the analysis of the Martian pictures DrMichael Car of the USGeological Survey comments: “I am convinced （48） lots of water on Mars” Any surface water will be in the （49） of iceBut it could save explorers from （50） to take so much （51） with themThe report says （52） Mars probably had a warmer climate in ages （53） due to its axis （軸） having been more tilted （傾斜） towards the sun（54） signs of plant or animal life have been detected by instruments landed on Mars, （55） the landing vehicles have been sent there for a few years36Ait is Bit Cit to be Dwas37Aexpected Bhoped Crequired Dsent38Ato Bof Cmore Din39Achances Bopenings Coccasions Dpossibility40Aquite Bvery Cmuch Dmore41Aa few Bmany Cthousand Dthousands42Askills Bnews Cintelligence Dinformation43Apeaceful Bquiet Clifeless Ddead44Aof Bwith Cfor Dthrough45Adeserts Bmountains Crivers Dseas46Afrom Bbetween Cfor Dwith47Aenergetic Bgreat Cheavy Dpowerful48Atheres Btherere Cheres Dherere49Aappearance Bway Cform Dshape50Ahave Bhaving Ccarry Dcarrying51Awater Bice Cequipment Doxygen52Awhat Bif Chow Dthat53Apass Bpast Cago Dbefore54ANot BNo CNor DNever55Aprobably Bperhaps Csupposed Dalthough6、 Every country has its own dining customs. Americans feel that the first rule of being a 1 guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at six thirty, the hostess 2 him to be there at six thirty or 3 a few minutes a