掘進機機械類外文翻譯@中英文翻譯@外文文獻翻譯

外文原文： The vertical Boom-type Roadheader design 1 Introduction Mechanical design is in the process of product design and an important part of the main links, it is followed in programme design after the design work. The vertical Boom-type roadheader (the roadheader) to the overall design of the merits of complete machine play a decisive role, and the decision of the assembly, the system, coordination between the various components of the unity and match, to obtain the high-end performance and overall better economic efficiency technology. Roadheader design, including the following: 1)According to design project description choice type and various cellular construction pattern 2) Decides the complete machine the main technical performance parameter, Including size parameter, heavy parameter, the parameter of movement and the technical economy refer parameter, 3) According to system design performance requirement, definite complete machine system composition and between them match as well as each part main technical senate parameter, 4) The necessary whole, and the mapping of transmission, hydraulic, electronic control systems, and other plans. 2 the selected models and various components and structural type, drive, and the overall layout of the reasonable In determining the content, first task should be designed to meet the contents, especially the users of the main demands of the investigation, the two sides exchanged views repeatedly, to satisfy both users (or superior) conditions, can better meet the product development of the overall plan. 2.1 the selected models According to roadheader use, for the coal mine tunnel boring or used for other sectors of the works, roadheader working conditions for cutting coal roadway or semi-Coal Lane, the compressive strength of coal and rock one-way (or the value of platts coefficient f) and the rock abrasion factor. At the same time the control line should be superscript MT138 1995 cantilevered Roadheader types and parameters, according to cutting coal and rock the biggest one-way compressive strength, the type of selected models. 2.2 the structure of the various components, the way the driver identified Roadheader by cutting general agencies, shipping agencies, walking, hydraulic system, electronic control systems and auxiliary devices (such as dust removal devices, security devices, remote monitoring devices) and other components. 1) Cutting agencies. Cutting the drive from AC motor-driven, in the transmission system located in the general profile coupling with no mechanical overload protection device, the two planets reducer driven spindle front of the cutting head. Some sections of the working bodies boring machine has cut chain, disc-milling and cutting-such as cantilever. Cantilever due to the cutting-boring machine body flexible, relatively small, can cut a variety of shapes and sections of the roadway, and to achieve selective cutting, but cutting good effect, a higher rate of boring, so now used mainly cantilever Cutting-and has become boring machine working body of a basic pattern. By cutting head of the layout, is divided into horizontal and vertical axis of the two. The line-cutting head of the advantages are: Transmission convenient, compact and can be cut to any shape of the profile, easy access to the formation of a cross-section and is conducive to expansion in the use of cantilever, or ditch digging, in Waterloo. Cutting head the shape of a cylindrical, cone and the cone and cylindrical, as the latter two cutting head to drilling, and the cutting surface than the formation, use it more. This is the work of the shortcomings: As the longitudinal axis of cutting head in the horizontal swing at the cutting reaction force is not passed machine centres, with cantilevered form of torque to boring machine have a greater vibration, stability is poor. Therefore, the coal roadway excavation, the need to increase the body weight or support the installation of auxiliary equipment. At present, such a boring machine in some sections of the use of more boring machine. 2) Shipment of bodies. It generally from the middle loading and conveyor components. They were driven or focus may be linked, either by AC motor drive, can also be used hydraulic motor drive. Trailing claw-is to use a turn moves the rake claws to continue to rake materials and in a reprint from transport operators. This structure is simple, reliable, small form factor, loading good effect, the application is widespread. However, such institutions loading width restricted (because boring machine running track when agencies generally do not arouse). To expand the loading width, will shovel the entire harrow board, together with the claw agencies in the level of swing, or design dual rake claws, to expand the scope of loading. Institutions than the rake-wheel-claw simple, high intensity, reliable, but with less bulk materials. Loading agency programme is not only the installation of the claw-rake-wheel can also be installed, the two can be used interchangeably. Usually, the choice rake claw-loaded, but considering loading width of the problem, may choose to double rake claws, can also be designed to rake claw-round interchangeable with the loading mechanism. Some sections boring machine use of scraper chain conveyor agencies. Transportation agencies are generally undertaken by the tail to the nose tilted upward direction of the layout. Transportation agencies can be the driver, is about to motor or hydraulic motor and reducer layout in the scraper conveyor and around the side of the fuselage, the body in the driver loading at the same time, indirectly, to transport bodies to take the initiative to the tail shaft driven scraper Transportation agencies. This drive system components in small, relatively simple bodies, but loading and transportation agencies involved in the two campaigns, mutual influence. As the location less space layout more difficult. Transmission organizations to adopt an independent driver, is about to motor or hydraulic motor layout away from the machine side, driven by slow delivery agencies. This mode of transmission drive layout simple, and filling the campaign Hubuyingxiang. However, due to transmission and more dynamic components, the point of failure has increased. At present, the two transportation agencies are used, as appropriate, the design should be identified. General loading and institutions often use the same drive. Loading agencies can use motor-driven, can also be used hydraulic motor drive. However, in consideration of the working environment and wet with mud, optional hydraulic motor drive for good. 3) Run institutions. Walking agencies tracked the general pattern, crawler-run institutions apply to the floor is uneven or soft conditions, no road track laying. Traction with large capacity, good mobility, reliability, flexibility and mobility on the floor adaptability of the advantages of good. But its complex structure, components and wear more serious. At present cross-section of the boring machine is usually used crawler-run institutions. Walking agencies tracked the general pattern, the two tracked separately by the respective power to drive, to achieve in situ. Caterpillar is the driving force of two motors and hydraulic motors, motor driver is generally set up a walking speed, hydraulic motor-driven large low-speed torque motor can be driven directly tracked sprocket, or used in the hydraulic motor speed Reducer led the drive sprocket track, it can achieve Promise governor. Tracked structure of a sliding and rolling two, when the speed machine to mobilize 10 m / min in the light Roadheader, should adopt the structure of sliding when the mobilization of speed machines 10 m / min of heavy, severe Roadheader should be used Rolling structural type. 4) The hydraulic system. Hydraulic systems use of open-way valve system more centralized control (direct or remote control manipulation) way. Domestic and foreign use of the past, gear pumps, hydraulic system in recent years Roadheader used piston pump have increased the trend. 5) Electronic control system. Electronic control systems, including some power, control and inspection of the part. Electronic control system must be in accordance with the requirements of coal mine explosion-proof design, manufacture, testing, GB3836-2000 must meet the standards of the relevant provisions and requirements. In order to improve operations at the Roadheader in the security, operational flexibility and mechanical transmission part of the fault diagnosis and monitoring functions, from the practical point of view, the installation of the necessary machines from a remote control device, monitoring pressure, temperature, level and key parts the fault diagnosis device. 2.3 Layout General layout of the contents include the following: 1) Identify the components in complete machine said the location, shape and size of the request； 2) To identify the parts, components and the connections between complete machine； 3) estimates complete machine weight and the weight of all components requested； 4) layout of the manipulation of institutions, the drivers seat； 5) examination of moving parts of the movement space, rule out the possibility of interference in the campaign. 2.4 specific requirements Boring machine in the general layout, the need to pay attention to the following questions: 1) institutions into the reducer reducer, as far as possible to coax axis； 2) cantilever and spade-suited to the size of relations, not only conducive to loading, to avoid cutting the first shovel cutting board； 3) the level of cantilever and vertical position can swing the center coincidence, can not overlap. From the increased stability of the machine, these are highly swing should be reduced. In the cantilever is not guaranteed to interfere with other agencies under the conditions of swing centres are located should try to rely on, but must ensure that the machines in the centre plane of vertical symmetry； 4) When all the major components designed after. Checking should be carried out, does not meet requirements to be adjusted just so that the focus in track and less than the former center Shaopian L / 6 (L grounding for the track length). In addition, the center of gravity position in the demand for cutting bodies turret after the centerline, and Yuediyuehao high center of gravity to enhance stability when operating machinery. 5) the overall layout should consider the weight of symmetrical left and right and take care of work habits and to facilitate the operation. General driver in the left side of the fuselage and the fuselage in the rear, driver seat height should ensure that the peoples attention, what good control of their machines, cutting out the rules of the roadway； 6) Caozong Tai position should be appropriate, should ensure that drivers easy manipulation, and effort. Instruments showed that the location devices for drivers to observe, not scattered normal operation of the drivers attention. 2.5 types and power transmission components choice transmission patterns and components should follow the principle of choice 1) the advanced nature of technology: machines to improve performance, increase productivity； 2) economic rationality: drive system as simple as possible, fewer components and easy processing, low price, easy maintenance, long life； 3) reliability of the work: the transmission system reliability performance for the life of components, as well as component quality requirements； 4) adaptation: the drive system components should be adapted to load, working conditions and environmental conditions of the request. Agencies to the transmission system requirements and the choice of transmission patterns . Boring machine cutting, loading, transport, walking and other institutions generally are respectively transmission, all parts of the state and subject to different working conditions, thus driving patterns have different requirements. 1) institutions require a greater short-term Guozainengli, motor oil is very sensitive to the impact load, the loading capacity of low-impact cutting head for normal functioning. Therefore, the boring machine working body should adopt the motor-driven mechanical transmission type. Should make use of small size, power, a strong capacity for electric motors, and equipped with reliable electrical protection device. According to the compact body of work features, usually work in the reducer cantilever, an integral part of a cantilever. Cutting the first governor general way with a round peg for the method of transmission organizations to simple. 2) rake with institutions transmission device is characterized by: reducer be installed in the limited size of the lower part of the shovel plate, thus design a smaller space, poor working conditions. Reducer often soaked in muddy coal and rock in the cards when the material easy to overload. Trailing equipment, transportation agencies the use of mechanical transmission, for the larger motor, not the end of the conveyor installation, the shovel is generally installed on both sides of the board two motor, with a rake, a common power transmission organizations, such bound to make the Slowdown me the size of the increase in the spade under the board layout more tense. In addition, consider the claw and rake boards linked linked overload situation, to protect the motor did not burn, the general needs of internal security in reducer friction-clutch. Trailing equipment, transportation agencies the use of motor oil transmission gear, as small size, light weight, will enable the two separate drive, thus simplifying transmission device, for the spade under the board layout, designed for good results sealed mechanical seal or reducer And shovel plate separation, while achieving automatic overload protection. 3) walk the track-driven approach and a motor-driven motor oil in two ways. Respectively, through mechanical devices or directly from the slowdown in motor oil led the initiative sprocket running track. Mechanical transmission of the walking track, with General Motors will be tracked in two reducer rear, the brake hydraulic braking by mechanical means way. This transmission mode drive high reliability and low prices of motor, easy maintenance, but not speed, slow me larger, Lin Shui major roadway, the motor easily exposed to moisture and burned. Tracked walk to adopt hydraulic transmission patterns, simple system, better performance and advanced technology. Hydraulic transmission of the walking mechanism, in the form choice and hydraulic motor speed control mode design, there are different options. The use of low-speed torque motor-driven, characterized by the system simple, small size, light weight, to achieve stepless speed regulation and automatic overload protection. However, hydraulic motor drive complex, the high cost of manufacturing, maintenance more difficult. Gear used motor oil, the volume of high efficiency, performance and impact-resistant, easy maintenance, low cost, a 10 KW around the motor gear oil prices only with the power of the radial-Sema Da 1 / 10； small size, light weight. A 10 KW gear around the weight of motor oil, with the only major power low-speed torque motor of 1 / 18, the weight of the motor 1 / 13. Gear used motor oil, although lower-speed reducer size large torque motor, but a small electric (MRH-S50-13-type plane reducer transmission ratio i = 328). So can easily be motors, reducers, hydraulic Zhidong Fa, tight chain devices installed in the middle-tracked. In this way than on the technical performance of mechanical transmission, the economic indicators better than the low-speed torque motor drive. So has a unique advantage. The walking speed in two ways: one is a variable pump. The other is the use or diversion of the flow and speed control programmes, such as the MRH-S50-13 type aircraft, that is, in the rapid mobilization of machinery, to stop carrying motor oil, only to run motor oil so that the boring machine has two Walking speed. 3 determination complete machine main technology senate parameter Mechanical Roadheader complete machine main technical parameter including size senate parameter (length width highly)； we ight parameter, parameter of movement and dynamic parameter. 3.1 size parameters Complete machine length, width of the size directly related to its turning radius, Recommended light-length 7.5 m, medium-length 8.5 m, heavy machine l0m, the corresponding width were 1.6 m, 2.5 m, 3 m. The complete machine relates its tendency, the static stability highly directly, the adaptation scope and passes quality, therefore lower better. The current development trend of Chinese and foreign models is the dwarf models, medium and heavy-high 1.6 2 m, special light, light machine the height of 1.4 1.6 m. Roadheader to dig the biggest section of roadway, the minimum height and width should be designed to meet the requirements of the mission. Undercover depth of 250 400 mm, ground clearance C = B/13 +84 (mm), B for the two track distance). Middle-long conveyor entrance to the expected high degree of the best 400 mm, length of track ground with the center distance L B ratio for L / B 1.6. 3.2 weight parameters The complete machine dead weight is the mechanical roadheader - an important parameter, the engine weight too is light, the work stability drops, when swinging cutting can occur fishtails the phenomenon, the cutting efficiency drops, truncation tooth rate of wear increase； Heavy-weight, poor mobility, flexibility to decline. The self-respect as it may be w = (t) estimates, in the N-type body for cutting power, kW； V for the cutting head on average cutting speed, m / s； can also be Roadheader with reference to the existing analog method to determine , machine-(t) and cutting power (kW) ratio of 0.25 to 0.4. For general coal, rock bottom, the allowable value 0.14 MPa； muddy for the water to soften the shale bottom, 0.05 MPa. 3.3 movement parameters Cutting the movement parameters: cutting head of the average cutting speed V: on the one-way coal and rock compressive strength of c 40 MPa, V = 3 3.5m / s； c 60MPa, V = 2 2.5m / s, c 60MPa. V = l 2m / s. But eventually cutting speed by cutting technology to determine. 3.4 dynamic parameters Roadheader-driven power sources are used Motors. Cutting power body size. In fact the general use of analogy, combined with roadheader some personality and experience factors to determine. Roadheader in the operating process, the vertical axis and the horizontal axis-of the need for adequate cutting edge and push forward swing (horizontal and vertical) force. According to Russia (the former Soviet Union) in the laboratory test results that the cutting of coal and rock platts hardness f = 4 6 (equivalent to 0 C = 40 60MPa), grinding coefficient F = 5 7mg/mm2. Cutting the shaking force (traction) Pv = (1 1.34) P, P = M / Rcp, in the P-cutting head for the average cutting edge； Rcp cutting head for the average radius； M for cutting the head of the rated torque. Cut the feeding of (axial thrust) R； (1.8 2.5) Pv, this force should be no larger than the floor slippery track at the limits of traction. 3.5 technical and economic indicators Q = (m3/min), in the sx-cutting head for the verticalcross sectional area, m2: Vn for the cutting head of cutting swing speed, m / min. Roadheader designed life, in the international advanced products up to 3 to 5 years, during which the need of major repair or wells, the general domestic product for 1 to 2 years. 4 in accordance with design requirements. Determine the parameters of the main components and their relationship between the connector 4.1 cutting agencies and technical parameters of the established link between 1) Cutting-agency technical parameters of cutting the head with the general pick for the double-headed or three spiral layout. Cutting head speed n = 20 65r/min, a sharp pick cutting the average speed V = 1.5 2.5m / s, cutting swing speed Vn = 0.8 l0m / s. Cut-off line from t = 20 50mm, (when cutting coal from the value of all-time for small value). Average single-pole/double-throw force should reach: f4 grade coal and rock F 2500 N, f6 grade coal and rock F 5000 N, f8 grade coal and rock F 12000 N, pick the best angle for the installation of 45 48 . 2) Cutting the link .Cutting agencies cantilever Chaxing-installed in front of the fixed-Chaxing rotary table, the turret to the rack. According to cutting agencies in the course of operating the force and torque, the application of MT475-1996 cantilevered Roadheader rotary bearing type, the basic parameters and technical requirements selected rotary bearing the structural type, determined by calculating slewing ring size specifications. If the user does not require a cantilever stretching structure, is generally not recommended. 4.2 shipping agencies determine the parameters 1) Loading mechanism Loading bodies and Middle conveyor used linkage or single-action mode, loading the bodies rake claws speed is generally 25 48 r / min. Star Ferrys speed can be slightly higher than some. Using direct-drive hydraulic motors, the maximum output torque rated torque for calculating the value of 1.5 times. Shovel coal-general of the tilt angle to 21 25 , it should be the width of track, spacious than the 0.6 1.2 m, declining position should not be less than the minimum depth of undercover maximum height should be increased to 350 400 mm. 2) Intermediate conveyor Middle conveyor chain may be single or double-stranded chain structure of the ring chain, chain-speed should not exceed 0.92 m / s, using the U.S. chain of universal sleeve roller chain single chain, the chain speed should not exceed 2.5 m / s, generally from 1.6 2 m in order to meet the changing demands a high degree of unloading, the tail should be set up multi-stage hydraulic cylinders to achieve take-off and landing movements, raising the minimum height for the hopper and a high degree of around 300 mm. If the tail need to swing around, the United States must adopt a universal sleeve roller chain, to set the location of the side-effect hydraulic cylinder to achieve the tail swing around 45 , to expan d the width of unloading. 4.3 running track and identify the technical parameters of connectivity between a)walking track drivers and transmission patterns have the following two ways, the overall design and layout determined at the time one of them. 1) Drive a motor-driven than reducer (i 250) led initiative sprocket. Can only establish a walking speed of 5 7.5 m / min. 2) The speed of a hydraulic motor torque direct drive or take the initiative sprocket of a slowdown in high-speed motor driven me a sprocket can take the initiative to achieve rapid mobilization and the need to slow operations, walking speed of 0 10 m / min of no - Speed. b) tracked the transmission link between Structure has two sliding and rolling, sliding simple structure, the resistance of larger, the special light, light and medium-sized roadheader recommend sliding structured. Rolling resistance smaller operation, crawler-crawler at the bottom and wear small chain of contacts. Heavy and severe roadheader recommend using this structure type. Track-installed at the bottom of the supporting wheels, each bearing capacity should be not less than 50 percent of weight, distance is generally tracked the plate pitch 1.5 times. 4.4 the hydraulic system of technical parameters established Hydraulic system of technical parameters should be determined in the hydraulic design calculations. The pressure should not be rated higher than the 20 25 MPa. A hydraulic motor in the system should be set up power transmission cooler, the system in the optional round series at the pump, rated pressure announced that the following 20 MPa. Selection of pumps and motors of the Anyu should be around 1.5. Each loop system in the pressure relief valve is set for the rated pressure of 1.8 to 2.2 times suitable. 4.5 electronic control system identified the main technical parameters Electronic control system of power supply voltage should be roadheader models to determine the size of pressure levels, special light, light machine should be elected 660 V, medium and heavy aircraft should be elected 660 V/1140V. Some momentum in the electrical circuit components, the power supply should meet the range of 70% to 115% of the requests. 4.6 other supporting systems 1) Spray system, cutting nozzles installed in the front organizations cantilever pressure for 1.5 MPa. Spray nozzle within the system installed in cutting the first pick in the back seat of the spray system pressure of not less than 4 MPa. Cutting rock on the case should be to increase water pressure and water. 2) Inside and outside the water spray system shall not exceed the actual health roadheader capacity of 6 to 8 percent, or stagnant water in the face of slime. 5 the overall calculation of the necessary plans and systems Such as in roadheader design and overall layout is complete with two of the main components of each system and the main structure, the basic technical parameters have been determined, theComplete machine should carry out the necessary calculations and the overall system, and other plans. 1) Cutting agencies roadheader static and dynamic stability of the calculation. 2) Transmission and hydraulic components of the electronic control system of power calculation. 3) Hydraulic system heat balance calculations. 4) Drawing transmission, hydraulic, electronic control system plans. 5) Drawing cutting sections of roadway. 6 Conclusion Roadheader design is roadheader design projects in the technical design of the components. It is the key to the design of the overall performance parameters of reasonable choices, the assembly of each system and optimize the design standards, in particular, cutting the cutting technology is particularly important. Roadheader described in this paper, the overall design is still based on traditional design, dynamics, kinematics, the calculation of the force should be wider use of modern design methods, such as conceptual design, 3D design kinematics, dynamics simulation technology, limited Yuan design and optimize the design. At the same time, the international community should be extensively studied this aspect of the new design for my use, to enhance our design standards, we have accumulated experience in the design, to produce a safe, reliable, high-performance high-end products. 譯文： 懸臂縱軸式掘進機的總體設計 總體設計是機械產品設計過程中的重要內容和主要環(huán)節(jié)， 它是在方案設計之 后緊接著進行的設計工作。 懸臂縱軸式掘進機 (以下簡稱掘進機 )的總體設計對整 機性能的優(yōu)劣起著決定性的作用， 并決定了各總成、 系統、 各部件之間的協調性， 統一性和匹配關系，從而獲得總體的高端 性能和較好的技術經濟效益。 掘進機的總體設計，主要包括以下內容： 1）據設計任務書選擇機型及各部件結構型式 2）定整機的主要技術性能參數，包括尺寸參數、重量參數、運動參數和技 術經濟 指標 3）按照總體設計的性能要求，確定整機系統的組成 及它們之間的匹配性以 及各個部件的主要技術參數 4）進行必要的總體計算，并繪制傳動、液壓、電控系統圖等。 1選定該機型和各個部件及其結構型式、驅動方式、并進行總 體的合理布置 該項內容在確定前，首先應滿足設計任務書的內容，特別是用戶提出的主要 要求經過調研，雙方反復交換意見，達到既能滿足用戶 (或上級 )條件，又能較好 的符合本企業(yè)產品發(fā)展的總體規(guī)劃。 1）機型的選定 根據掘進機的用途， 是用于煤礦井下巷道的掘進還是用于其他 行業(yè)的工程作 業(yè)，掘進機的工作條件是用于截割煤巷還是半煤巖巷，煤巖的單向抗壓強度(或 普氏系數 f 值 )及巖石的磨蝕系數。同時應對照行標 MT1381995懸臂式掘進機 的型式與參數 ，按其截割煤巖的最大單向抗壓強度，選定機型的類別。 2）各部件結構型式、驅動方式的確定 掘進機一般由截割機構、裝運機構、行走機構、液壓系統、電控系統及輔助 裝置 (如除塵裝置、安全裝置、遙控 監(jiān)測裝置 )等組成。 a截割機構。截割機構的驅動方式由交流電動機驅動，在傳動系統中一般 設齒形聯軸節(jié)，不設機械式過載 保護裝置，經兩級行星減速器帶動主軸前端的截 割頭。 部分斷面掘進機的工作機構有截鏈式、圓盤銑削式和懸臂截割式等。因懸臂 截割式掘進機機體靈活、體積較小，可截出各種形狀和斷面的巷道，并能實現選 擇性截割，而且截割效果好，掘進速度較高；所以，現在主要采用懸臂截割式， 并已成為當前掘進機工作機構的一種基本型式。 按截割頭的布置方式，分為縱軸和橫軸式兩種。 縱軸式截割頭的優(yōu)點是：傳動方便、結構緊湊，能截出任意形狀的斷面，易 于獲得較為平整的斷面，有 利于采用內伸縮懸臂，可挖柱窩或水溝。截割頭的形 狀有圓柱形、 圓錐形和圓錐加圓柱形，由于后兩種截割頭利于鉆進，并使截割表 面較平整，故使用較多。這種工作機構的缺點是：由于縱軸式截割頭在橫向擺動 截割時的反作用力不通過機器中心，與懸臂形成的力矩使掘進機產生較大的振 動， 故穩(wěn)定性較差。 因此， 在煤巷掘進時， 需加大機身重量或裝設輔助支撐裝置。 目前，這種掘進機在部分斷面掘進機中使用較多。 b裝運機構。它一般由裝載機構和中間輸送機組成。它們可采用分別驅動 或集中聯動方式，既可用交流電動機驅動，也可用液壓馬達驅動。 耙爪式是利用一對交替動作的耙爪來不斷地耙取物料并裝入轉 載運輸機構。 這種方式結構簡單、工作可靠、外形尺寸小、裝載效果好，目前應用很普遍。但 這種裝載機構寬度受限制（因為掘進機工作時履帶行走機構一般不調動） 。為擴 大裝載寬度，可使鏟板連同整個耙爪機構一起水平擺動，或設計成雙耙爪機構， 以擴大裝載范圍。 星輪式機構比耙爪式簡單、強度高、工作可靠，但裝大塊物料的能力較差。 裝載機構方案是既能裝設耙爪式也可裝設星輪式， 兩者可以互換使用。 通常， 應選擇耙爪式裝載機構，但考慮裝載寬度問題，可選擇雙耙爪機構，也可設計成 耙爪與星輪可互換的裝載機構。部分斷面掘進機多采用 刮板鏈式輸送機構。輸送 機構一般是由機尾向機頭方向傾斜向上布置的。輸送機構可采用聯合驅動方式， 即將電動機或液壓馬達和減速器布置在刮板輸送機靠近機身一側， 在驅動裝載機 構同時，間接地以輸送機構機尾為主動軸帶動刮板輸送機構工作。這樣傳動系統 中元件少、機構比較簡單，但裝載與輸送機構二者運動相牽連，相互影響大。由 于該位置空間較小布置較困難。 輸送機構采用獨立的驅動方式， 即將電動機或液壓馬達布置在遠離機器的一 端，通過減速裝置驅動輸送機構。這種驅動方式的傳動系統布置簡單，和裝載機 構的運動互不影響。但由于傳 動裝置和動力元件較多，故障點有所增加。 目前，這兩種輸送機構均有采用，設計時應酌情確定。一般常采用與裝載機 構相同的驅動方式。 裝載機構可以采用電動機驅動， 也可用液壓馬達驅動。 但考慮工作環(huán)境潮濕、 有泥水，選用液壓馬達驅動為好。 c行走機構。行走機構一般采用履帶型式，履帶式行走機構適用于底板不 平或松軟的條件，不需修路鋪軌。具有牽引能力大，機動性能好、工作可靠、調 動靈活和對底板適應性好等優(yōu)點。但其結構復雜、零部件磨損較嚴重。目前部分 斷面掘進機通常采用履帶式行走機構。兩條履帶分別由各自的動力 來驅動，可實 現原地轉向。履帶的驅動動力有電動機和液壓馬達兩種，電動機驅動一般只設置 一種行走速度，液壓馬達驅動可采用低速大扭矩馬達直接帶動履帶鏈輪，或采用 中速液壓馬達減速器帶動履帶鏈輪的傳動方式，它可實現無極調速。 履帶結構型式有滑動和滾動兩種，當機器調動速度 10m/min 的中、輕型掘 進機， 宜采用滑動結構型式；當機器的調動速度 10m/min 的重型、特重型掘進 機，應采用滾動結構型式。 d液壓系統。液壓系統多采用開式系統多路閥集中控制(直接操縱或遙控操 縱 )方式。以往國內外多采用齒輪泵，近年來 掘進機液壓系統采用柱塞泵有增多 的趨勢。 e電控系統。電控系統包括動力部分、控制部分和檢測部分。電控系統必 須按照煤礦井下防爆要求設計、制造、檢驗，必須符合 GB3836-2000 標準中的 有關規(guī)定和要求。為了提高掘進機在作業(yè)時的安全性，操作的靈活性 以及機械 傳動部分的故障診斷及監(jiān)控功能，從實用角度考慮，裝設必要的離機遙控裝置、 測控壓力、溫度、液位及關鍵部位的故障診斷裝置。 3）總體布置 總體布置的內容包括以下幾個方面： （ 1）確定各部件在整機說的位置，并對外形尺寸提出要求； （ 2） 確定各部件、部件與整機之間的連接方式； （ 3）估算整機重量，并對各部件的重量提出要求； （ 4）布置各操縱機構、司機座位等； （ 5）審核個運動部件的運動空間，排除可能發(fā)生的運動干涉。 4） 具體要求 在掘進機總體布置時，需注意以下問題： （ 1）工作機構減速器減速器的進、出軸盡量同軸線； （ 2）懸臂和鏟板的尺寸關系相適應，既有利于裝載，又要避免截割頭截割 鏟板； （ 3）懸臂的水平和垂直擺動中心的位置可以重合，也可以不重合。從增加 機器的穩(wěn)定性看，擺動這些都高度應盡量降低。在保證懸臂不與其他機構干 涉的 條件下， 擺動中心的位置應盡量靠后， 但必須保證中心在機器的縱向對稱平面內； （ 4）當各主要部件設計出來之后。應進行校核，不滿足需求時需僅需調整， 使重心位于履帶中心稍偏前且小于 L/6（ L 為履帶接地長度） 。此外，還需求重心 位置在截割機構回轉臺中心線之后，而且重心高度越低越好，以提高機器作業(yè)時 的穩(wěn)定性。 （ 5）總體布置應考慮左右兩側重量對稱并照顧工作習慣及方便操作。司機 座一般設在機身左側、且位于機身后部，座椅高度應保證司機的視線，使其哪個 很好地操縱機器，截割出規(guī)則的巷道； （ 6）操 縱臺位置要適當，應保證司機操縱方便、省力。儀表顯示裝置的位 置要便于司機觀察，又不分散司機正常操作的注意力。 5）傳動型式及動力元件的選擇 a傳動型式及元件選擇應遵循的原則 （ 1）技術先進性：能夠改善機器性能，提高生產率； （ 2）經濟合理性：傳動系統盡量簡單、元件少，易加工，價格低，維修容 易，使用壽命長； （ 3）工作可靠性 :傳動系統的可靠性表現為元件使用壽命，因此也是對元件 質量的要求； （ 4）適應性：元件應適應傳動系 統的載荷、工況及環(huán)境等條件的要求。 b各機構對傳動系統的要求及傳動型 式的選擇 掘進機的截割、裝載、運輸、行走等機構一般均為分別傳動，各部件受力狀 態(tài)及工作條件不同，因而傳動型式有不同的要求。 （ 1）工作機構要求有較大的短時過載能力，而油馬達對沖擊負荷很敏感， 過載負荷能力低，影響截割頭正常連續(xù)運轉。所以，掘進機的工作機構宜采用電 動機為動力的機械傳動型式。應利用體積小、功率大、過負荷能力強的專用電動 機，并配備可靠的電氣保護裝置。根據工作機構結構緊湊的特點，通常工作機構 的減速器設在懸臂內，成為懸臂的組成部分。截割頭調速方式一般采用配換掛輪 的方法，變速機構力求簡單。 （ 2）耙裝機構傳動裝置的特點是：減速器需裝在尺寸有限的鏟板下部，因 而設計空間較小， 工作條件惡劣。 減速器經常浸泡在煤巖泥水中， 卡料時易過載。 耙裝、輸送機構若采用機械傳動，用于電動機尺寸較大，不便在輸送機尾安 裝，一般是在鏟板上部兩側安裝兩臺電動機，作為耙裝、輸送機構的共同動力， 這樣勢必使減速箱的尺寸增大，在鏟板下布置較緊張。此外，考慮耙爪及鏈板卡 鏈過載情況， 為保護電動機不至燒毀， 一般需要在減速器內設安全摩擦片離合器。 耙裝、輸送機構若采用齒輪油馬達傳動，由于尺寸小、重量輕，可使二者分 別傳動，從 而簡化傳動裝置，便于在鏟板下布置，便于設計密封效果好的機械密 封或將減速器與鏟板分離，同時可實現過載自動保護。 （ 3）履帶行走機構的驅動方式有電動機和油馬達驅動兩種方式。分別通過 機械減速裝置或直接由油馬達帶動履帶的主動鏈輪運轉。 機械傳動的履帶行走機構，一般是將電動機裝于兩條履帶減速器后部，制動 方式采用機械液壓制動方式。這種傳動方式傳動可靠性高，電動機價格低，維修 容易，但不能調速，減速箱體積較大，巷道淋水大時，電動機易受潮而燒毀。 履帶行走機構采用液壓傳動型式，系統簡單、性能較好、技術先進。液 壓傳 動的行走機構中，在液壓馬達型式選擇及調速方式設計方面，有不同的方案。 采用低速大扭矩馬達驅動，其特點是系統簡單，尺寸小、重量輕，能夠實現 無級調速及過載自動保護。但液壓馬達傳動復雜、制造費用高，維護較難。 采用齒輪油馬達 ,容積效率高，耐沖擊性能好，維修容易，造價較低，一臺 10KW 左右齒輪油馬達的價格只有同功率徑向柱塞馬達的 1/10；尺寸小、重量輕。 一臺 10KW 左右齒輪油馬達的重量，僅為同功率低速大扭矩馬達的 1/18，為電動 機重量的 1/13。采用齒輪油馬達后，減速器尺寸雖然較低速大