獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)類型及其用法.doc

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)類型及其用法 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由一個(gè)相當(dāng)于主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞加上非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞（副）詞、或介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)不是句子，也不是從句，所以它內(nèi)部的動(dòng)詞不能考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，它與其主句之間既不能通過(guò)并列連詞連接也不能有從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，常用逗號(hào)與其主句隔開(kāi)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在很多情況下可以轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或其他狀語(yǔ)形式，但很多時(shí)候不能轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞形式，因?yàn)樗鼉?nèi)部動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不一致。在做這類題目時(shí)一定要小心判斷，不能粗心大意。一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式1、邏輯主語(yǔ)+V-ing這種構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動(dòng)作不是整句主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，而是其邏輯主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。如：1._no bus, we had to walk home.A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was2._no bus, we had to walk home.A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was3._Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been4._Sunday, the library doesnt open.A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is2、邏輯主語(yǔ)+V-ed該構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作承受者。如：1._, the train started.A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving2._, the train started.A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given3._, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words4._, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explained B.Explaining new words C.New words explaining D.Being explained new words3、邏輯主語(yǔ)+形容詞（副詞）該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)未帶動(dòng)詞的“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：1._, the patient can leave the hospital.A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions2._, the patient can leave the hospital.A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions3._, wed like to go outing.A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK4._, wed like to go outing.A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C5._, you can wait a while.A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B6._, so you can wait a whileA.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on4、邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于不帶動(dòng)詞的“主系介詞短語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：1.The boy followed the nobleman here, _.A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand B.Being a sword in hand D.sword in hand2.The boy followed the nobleman here _.A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand3.He left the office, _.A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes4.He left the office _.A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在整句中可作以下成分： 1、原因狀語(yǔ)該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如：1._ no bus, we had to walk home.A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B2._Sunday, the library doesnt open.A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B3._, I had to ask for two days leave.A.Mother being ill B.Mother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C4._, we have to work late into the night.A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由when, as soon as, after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：1._, the train started. A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B2._, the text became easier for us to learn. A. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explained new words D.all above3、條件狀語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以改為由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如：1._, well go to visit the Great Wall.A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B2._, the patient will recover himself soon.A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C4、伴隨狀語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)。如：1.We have lessons every day, _. A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above2.The boy fell asleep,_.A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above3.Father came home,_A.a dog following him B.a dog followed him C.being followed by a dog D.all the abovewith + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)類型及其用法“with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)是指“with +賓語(yǔ)（名詞或代詞）+ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（分詞、不定式）、介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞或副詞等”所構(gòu)成的一種介詞短語(yǔ)。該結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部若是動(dòng)詞，則其非謂語(yǔ)形式的選用要注意三點(diǎn)：若內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞表示將來(lái)（無(wú)論主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)），則用不定式；若內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)且屬過(guò)去，則用過(guò)去分詞；若內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞表示持續(xù)主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，則用現(xiàn)在分詞。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作以下幾種成分：1、原因狀語(yǔ)1.With the man _ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.A.To guide B.Guiding C.Guided D.To have guide2.With a lot of work_, she doesnt have time to rest. A.to do B.to be done C.doing D.done3.With the machine _all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.A.to work B.worked C.working D.Being working2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _.A.are on B.on C.to be on D.been on2.With our problem _, we all felt happy.A.to settle B.to be settled C.settled D.being settled3.With his work_, the secretary began to walk home. A.to do B.doing C.done D.to be done3、伴隨狀語(yǔ)1.She left the offices with tears _.A.in her eyes B.in eyes B.being in eyes D.to be in eyes2.The man found the door with both his eyes _.A.to be closed B.being closed C.closed D.closing3.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_. A. standing by B.to be standing by C.stood by D.being standing by4.The murderer was brought in, with his hands_. A.to be tied behind B. tied behind C.tying behind D.being tied behind5.You cant see well _.A. with the glasses on B.being on the glasses C.with the glasses to be on D.with the glasses 4、后置定語(yǔ)1.Do you know the man _ a book in his hand? A.with B.having C.being D.A and B2.Please offer your seat to the woman _ a baby in her arms.A.carrying B.having C.with D.all the above分詞、獨(dú)立主格和“with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中均可作狀語(yǔ)，其區(qū)別是這樣的：一、分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者（用現(xiàn)在分詞）或動(dòng)作承受者（用過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式）。這種情況下的分詞短語(yǔ)可以改為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列謂語(yǔ)。分詞短語(yǔ)在句中常作以下?tīng)钫Z(yǔ)：1、原因狀語(yǔ)1._late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B2._ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1._ the students homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.A.When he was correcting C.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above2._by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the above3、條件狀語(yǔ)1._ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above2._ another chance, Ill do my job better.A.If I have B.If having C.Having D.all the above4、伴隨狀語(yǔ)1.Father came back, _ a bag of money on his left shoulder.A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and he was carrying D.all the above2.Father came back, _ by a monkey.A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是整句的主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)與分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致。如：1._, well go fishing in the country.A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.Permitting2._, he finished playing the game of chess.A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closing his eyes D.Closed his eyes3._, I couldnt get the book I wanted.A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing三、使用分詞短語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)分別在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意：它們與主句之間不應(yīng)有從屬連詞（如when, if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列連詞（如and, but, or, so等）。例如：1._ the teacher told the class to go through the text A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above2._a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the above3.As_a little sick, he remained at the clinic.A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above四、在使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一定要看句子主語(yǔ)同這些結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系。1、當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)與該狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞之間有邏輯上的主謂