高中英語 Unit5《NelsonMandelaamodernhero》UsingLanguage精品測試訓練 新人教版必修1.doc

2013年高一英語精品測試訓練：unit 5 nelson mandela-a modern hero using language （人教版必修1）.詞匯與短語1.stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事(=prevent/keep sb.from doing)the church bells stop me from sleeping.教堂的鐘聲使我不能入睡。the stone walls stop the farmers cows from joining the neighbors.石頭墻使農(nóng)民家的牛不會混入鄰居的牛群中去?！径陶Z鏈接】 （1）keep doing 繼續(xù)或保持做(強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性)news of successes keep pouring in.捷報頻傳。（2）keep on doing 繼續(xù)或反復做(強調(diào)動作的反復性)we will keep on trying and,if we get anything done,we will notify you.我們將繼續(xù)努力，有結果將通知你。（3）keep sb.doing 使某人一直做(表示被迫進行的動作)ill try not to keep you waiting.我盡量不讓你久等。2.come into/to power 當權，上臺de gaulle came to power in 1958.戴高樂是1958年上臺的。the party came into power at the last election.這個政黨是在上次大選中當選執(zhí)政的?！径陶Z鏈接】come into contact聯(lián)系 come into being 形成，誕生come into effect實施 come into existence 形成come into force實施 come into sight 看見3.the first time 在句中引導時間狀語從句the first time i climbed onto the wall,i felt nervous.我第一次爬上墻時，感到非常緊張?！咎嵝选?表示時間的短語可以引導時間狀語從句，如：the instant,the minute,the day,the year,each/every time,next time,the first/second/last time,by the time等。every time i catch a cold,i have pain in my back.每次感冒我的背就疼。the minute he saw her,he fell in love with her.他對她一見傾心。the day he returned home,his father was already dead.他回家的那一天，他的父親已經(jīng)死了。he was much better the last time i saw him.我上次見他時他好多了。by the time he was taken to the hospital he was nearly dead.他被送到醫(yī)院時已經(jīng)不行了。4.terror n.u 驚恐；恐懼c 可怕的人；恐怖的事her eyes were wild with terror.她的眼睛充滿了恐懼。she lives in terror of losing her job.她一直膽戰(zhàn)心驚地害怕丟失工作。these street gangs have become the terror of the neighborhood.這些街頭少年團伙使得周圍鄰里談之色變?！咎嵝选?識記下列terror的派生詞匯：terrorism恐怖主義 terrorist 恐怖分子；恐怖主義者terrorize恐嚇；威脅 terrify 使恐懼；使驚嚇terrified恐懼；很害怕 terrible 非常討厭的；令人極不快的5.fear n.c & u 害怕，恐懼；擔心；顧慮vt.& vi.懼怕，害怕；擔憂he was shaking with fear.他害怕得直發(fā)抖。there is no fear of his getting any injury.他不會受傷的。he fears nothing.他什么都不怕。6.cruelty n.u 殘酷；殘暴the deliberate cruelty of his words cut her like a knife.他說的那些殘酷無情的話對她像刀割一樣?！咎嵝选縞ruel adj.殘忍的；冷酷的he is cruel to animals.他對動物很殘酷。her eyes were cruel and hard.她目光犀利。7.reward （1）v.酬謝，給以報酬；獎賞how can i reward your kindness?我怎么才能酬謝你的好心？anyone returning the necklace will be handsomely rewarded.誰歸還了項鏈將獲得重謝。（2）v.使得到好處success rewarded his efforts.成功回報了他的努力。his services were rewarded.他的服務得到了回報。（3）v.使得到報應the man was well enough rewarded for his crimes.那個人罪有應得。（4）n.報酬；酬謝（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）a large reward is offered for the return of the ring.因為歸還了戒指，很大的酬謝付出了。he was presented with a gold watch as a reward for his service.有人給了他一塊金表，作為他的服務的酬謝。he will expect some reward after working so hard.工作這么努力后，他會有一些報酬。（5）n.好處（常用復數(shù)形式）the rewards of arts are not to be measured in money.藝術的好處不是用金錢來衡量的。apart from the salary,teaching children has its own particular rewards.除了薪水外，教孩子有其特殊的好處。（6）n.懲處；報應all evil-doers get their just-rewards.所有做壞事的人會得到懲處的?！咎嵝选縭ewarding adj.值得做的；有益的a rewarding experience/job有益的經(jīng)歷/工作teaching is not very financially rewarding.教書不會有很高的報酬?！颈嫖觥縭eward與awardreward表示“獎賞，酬謝”，只能以人或人的行為作賓語，后面加介詞with，for，常用于借喻中;award 表示“給予，授予”（獎章、獎金等），后面可以跟兩個賓語。they rewarded the boy for bringing back the lost dog.他們酬謝那個男孩，因為他把走失的狗送回來了。shes been awarded a scholarship to study at oxford.她已獲得了去牛津大學念書的獎學金?！炯磳W即用】1,000,but thats my last offer.ok.its a .a.costb.pricec.rewardd.deal答案：d 本題在語境中考查名詞詞義辨析。cost “成本”；price“價錢”；reward“報酬”；deal“交易”。根據(jù)“但那是我最后的出價”可知d為最佳答案。its a deal.意為“成交”。8.set up （1）成立；建立；立起來we decided to set up a fund for the hope project.我們決定為希望工程設立一項基金。they set up a laboratory and devoted their spare time to this work.他們建立了一個實驗室，把業(yè)余時間用來進行這項工作。the children set up a tent.孩子們搭起了帳篷。a shop was set up at the street corner.街拐角處開了個店。（2）使恢復健康；使體格強健a few days rest will set you up.幾天的休息將使你恢復健康。（3）(使)開始從事某種職業(yè)his parents set him up as a doctor.他的父母使他從事醫(yī)生的職業(yè)。he set up for himself as a bookseller.他開始經(jīng)營書。【短語鏈接】set about開始做，著手處理 set aside宣告無效；駁回；廢止set down放下，擱下；記下，記載，寫下set off出發(fā)，啟程 (=set out，set forth)；使爆 炸，引起爆炸；襯托；使更為突出set on攻擊；襲擊；使攻擊；使追趕 set up as立業(yè)；開始從事set out出發(fā);開始；陳列；展出【十年高考鏈接】（1）（2012大綱全國高考）we to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.a.set aboutb.set upc.set outd.set down答案：c 句意：我們開始著手粉刷整個房子，但是那天只完成了前面部分。set about意為“動身，開始做”（后跟v.-ing形式）；set up意為“建立，搭建”；set out意為“動身，出發(fā)，開始做，著手做”（后接不定式）；set down意為“記下”。根據(jù)句意和此空后是不定式“to paint”知選c。（2）（2012湖北高考）walking alone in the dark,the boy whistled to his courage.a.hold upb.keep upc.set upd.take up答案：b 首先了解這四個選項的漢語意思。a項hold up表示“支撐；阻擋”；b項keep up表示“使不下降；保持不變；維持”；c項set up表示“建立，成立”；d項take up表示“開始從事；占領；繼續(xù)”。由題中的關鍵信息walking alone in the dark以及whistled可知男孩吹口哨是為了保持勇氣，給自己壯膽。所以此處選b。句意為“一個人在黑暗中走，男孩吹口哨以保持勇氣”?！炯磳W即用】i the hobby of fishing as a child.a.built upb.set upc.kept upd.took up答案：b 本題主要考查短語動詞意義的區(qū)別。build up 意為“樹立，逐步建立”；set up意為“樹立(榜樣)；創(chuàng)立；建立”；keep up 意為“堅持；繼續(xù)；使不低落”； take up 意為“拿起；吸收；從事”。.句式與語法should/ought to have done 表示“本應該做某事，而事實上并沒有做”。否定句表示“不該做某事而做了”，ought to 在語氣上比should 要強。you ought to/should have been more careful in the experiment.你當時在做試驗時應該更仔細點。he ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不該把舊衣服扔了。（事實上已扔了）【?？加梅ā俊癶ave+過去分詞”的用法還有：（1）與should/would like連用表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望。he would like to have seen it.他本想看看它。（但沒能看到）（2）與could連用，表示過去沒有的能力或過去的可能性。i could have made a lot of money.我本來能夠賺到許多錢。（但我沒能賺到）（3）與may/might連用，表示推想發(fā)生在過去的動作。he may/might have left.=it is possible that he（has） left.他可能已經(jīng)走了。you might/could have been killed?。菚r）你可能會送了命的?。?）與cant/couldnt連用表示否定的推測。he cant/couldnt have moved the piano himself.這臺鋼琴不可能是他自己搬的?！臼旮呖兼溄印浚?）(2013新課標全國高考)since nobody gave him any help,he have done the research on his own.a.canb.mustc.wouldd.need答案：b 分析主從句邏輯關系知，主句是對從句表達的原因的一種猜測，must have done想必/準是/一定做過某事，符合主從句之間的邏輯關系。本題句意為“既然沒人給他幫助，那他肯定是自己做的研究”。can have done用于疑問句或否定句中，表示對過去情況的推測；would have done表示過去將來完成時或用于虛擬語氣中；need have done通常用于否定句和疑問句中，表示“本不必做某事卻做了”。（2）(2013陜西高考)the children lost in the woods;otherwise,they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.a.must have gotb.must getc.should have gotd.should get答案：a 題干的意思是：“孩子們一定是在森林中迷路了；否則的話他們會按計劃在湖邊露營的?！睆念}干中otherwise后面表達的情況來看，前半句應該是表示對過去的肯定推測，所以要用must have done結構，意為“一定/想必已經(jīng)”。（3）(2013四川高考)why are your eyes so red？you have slept well last night.yeah，i stayed up late writing a report.a.cantb.mustntc.needntd.wont答案：a 題干的意思是：“你的眼睛為什么這么紅？你昨晚肯定沒有睡好?！薄笆堑?，我熬夜寫了一篇報告。”cant have done意為“不可能做過”，表示對過去事情的否定推測。由題中的關鍵信息stayed up late writing a report“熬夜寫報告”可推測昨晚沒有睡好，所以選a。mustnt表示“禁止”，neednt表示“沒必要”，wont表示“不愿意”，均不合題意。（4）(2013遼寧高考)harry is feeling uncomfortable.he too much at the party last night.a.could drinkb.should drinkc.would have drunkd.must have drunk答案：d 句意：harry （現(xiàn)在）感覺不舒服。昨天晚上在宴會上他肯定喝多了。此處表示對過去動作的肯定推測，應該用“情態(tài)動詞+have+done”結構，故排除a項和b項；c項不表示推測，而是虛擬語氣，表示與過去的事實相反的情況；must have done意為“（過去）肯定做過某事”，表示對過去事情的肯定推測。（5）（2012江蘇高考）happy birthday!thank you! its the best present i for.a.should have wishedb.must have wishedc.may have wishedd.could have wished答案：d 句意：“生日快樂！”“謝謝！這是我能期待的最好的禮物?！备鶕?jù)語境可知，這里不是對過去情況的推測或評價，而是對迄今為止發(fā)生的事情的一個總結。its the best present.使用的是最高級，其后接的定語從句應該使用完成時。本題的could have wished為can have wished的委婉表達?？谡Z中，我們使用could替代can可使語氣更加委婉、禮貌，故選d。（6）(2011江蘇高考)i left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.how unbelievable to get it back!i mean,someone it.a.will have stolenb.might have stolenc.should have stolend.must have stolen答案：b 本題考查“情態(tài)動詞+have done”的用法。句意：“我把手提包忘在了火車上，但幸運的是有個人把它交給了鐵路部門的一名官員?！薄斑€能找回來多么令人難以置信！我的意思是，有人原本可能把它偷走的。”might have done “可能已經(jīng)”，表示對過去發(fā)生之事的不太肯定的推測，符合題意。will have done表示將來完成時；should have done本應該做某事但實際未做；must have done表示對過去發(fā)生之事的肯定推測。（7）(2011新課標全國高考)they have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.a.willb.canc.mustd.should答案：d 本題考查“情態(tài)動詞+have done”的用法。句意：他們本應該在午飯時間就到達的，但是他們的航班被耽擱了。will have done表示將來完成時，與題意不符；can have done一般用于否定句或疑問句中，可以排除；must have done表示對過去發(fā)生事情的肯定推測，意為“肯定/必定做過某事”，也與句意不符；should have done表示“過去應該做某事（而實際上未做）”，符合句意。（8）(2010山東高考)i have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.a.shouldntb.needntc.couldntd.mustnt答案：a 句意：我本不應該看那部電影它會給我?guī)碡瑝?。由破折號后的?nèi)容來判斷，其前內(nèi)容為“不該做某事而做了”。shouldnt have done本來不該做某事卻做了；neednt have done本來不必做某事卻做了；couldnt have done為否定推測，表示“不可能做過某事”。（9）(2009上海高考) it have been tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one with a car.a.mayb.canc.mustd.should答案： c 本題考查情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法。由“因為他是唯一有車的人”可知，這是一個非常肯定的推測，故用must。a項是并非十分肯定的推測;can have done不能用在肯定句中，所以b項也不對;而should have done是“本應該做某事而實際未做”，不合題意。（10）(2009江蘇高考)he did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.a.could expressb.would expressc.could have expressedd.must have expressed答案：c 句意:他并沒有遺憾說了他所做的事情，但是他覺得他本來可以表達得有所不同。因為是對過去的情況進行的一種虛擬，所以用“情態(tài)動詞+完成時”這個形式來表示。（11）(2008江蘇高考)im sorry.i at you the other day.forget it.i was a bit out of control myself.a.shouldnt shoutb.shouldnt have shouted c.mustnt shoutd.mustnt have shouted答案：b 本題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意：“對不起，幾天前我本不應該朝你大喊大叫的。”“不要記在心上。我自己有點情緒失控。”shouldnt have done本不應該做某事（但已經(jīng)做了）。（12）(2008山東高考)thank you for all your hard work last week.i dont think we it without you.a.can manageb.could have managedc.could managed.can have managed答案：b 本題考查“情態(tài)動詞+have done”結構，could have done表示“本能夠做某事（但沒做）”。（13）(2007陜西高考)i told your friend how to get to the hotel,but perhaps i have driven her there.a.couldb.mustc.mightd.should答案：d 本題考查情態(tài)動詞。could have done“（過去）可能做過；本能夠做”；must have done “（過去）肯定做過”；might have done “（過去）可能做過”；should have done “本應該做（而事實上沒做）”。由句意“我告訴你朋友該怎么去旅館，但或許我應該開車送她去那兒?！笨芍獞xshould。（14）(2007江西高考)where is my dictionary? i remember i put it here yesterday.you it in the wrong place. a.must putb.should have putc.might putd.might have put答案：d 本題考查情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法。由yesterday可知a、c兩項錯誤；should “應該，理應”；might “或許，可能”，顯然d項正確。（15）(2007安徽高考)the teacher have thought johnson was