基于單片機(jī)的自行車?yán)锍蘝速度表設(shè)計(jì)-職業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文

無(wú)無(wú)錫錫職職業(yè)業(yè)技技術(shù)術(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書 1 無(wú)無(wú) 錫錫 職職 業(yè)業(yè) 技技 術(shù)術(shù) 學(xué)學(xué) 院院 畢畢 業(yè)業(yè) 實(shí)實(shí) 踐踐 任任 務(wù)務(wù) 書書 課課 題題 名名 稱稱基于單片機(jī)的自行車?yán)锍?速度表設(shè)計(jì) 指指 導(dǎo)導(dǎo) 教教 師師徐明職職稱稱工程師 指指 導(dǎo)導(dǎo) 教教 師師黃 從 貴職職稱稱講師 專專 業(yè)業(yè) 名名 稱稱電子工藝與管理班班級(jí)級(jí)電子工藝電子工藝 2063120631 學(xué)學(xué) 生生 姓姓 名名寧 翠 萍學(xué)學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)20310631212031063121 課題需要完成的任務(wù) 課題需要完成的任務(wù) 設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)自行車?yán)锍?速度表 以單片機(jī) AT89C51 為核心 實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)量并 顯示自行車行駛過(guò)程中的兩項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù) 速度和里程 課題的具體要求如下 1 總體方案的設(shè)計(jì)及論證 2 系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及性能 3 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 包括 單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)電路 電源電路 測(cè)量電路 功能選 擇電路和顯示電路等 4 軟件程序設(shè)計(jì) 包括 主程序設(shè)計(jì) 中斷服務(wù)子程序 顯示控制子程序 和采樣子程序等 5 功能選擇后啟動(dòng)測(cè)量 單片機(jī)實(shí)時(shí)采集 處理后顯示 6 速度和里程值可單獨(dú)顯示 測(cè)量值誤差小于 1 超速行駛 設(shè)置限速參 數(shù) 時(shí) 能自動(dòng)發(fā)出聲光報(bào)警 7 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié) 課題計(jì)劃 課題計(jì)劃 2 16 2 28現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)地調(diào)研 查閱相關(guān)資料 完成文獻(xiàn)綜述 可行性方案分析 構(gòu)思初步方案 3 1 3 7論述并確定最佳設(shè)計(jì)方案 學(xué)習(xí)硬件開發(fā)軟件 單片機(jī)開發(fā)軟件 3 8 4 10設(shè)計(jì)硬件電路 編制軟件程序 聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)試 撰寫畢業(yè)論文 4 11 4 15完善畢業(yè)論文 并做答辯準(zhǔn)備 計(jì)劃答辯時(shí)間 計(jì)劃答辯時(shí)間 4 164 16 4 4 19 19 電子信息技術(shù)系電子信息技術(shù)系系 部 分院 系 部 分院 20082008 年年 1212 月月 2525 日日 無(wú)無(wú)錫錫職職業(yè)業(yè)技技術(shù)術(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 2 英文翻譯英文翻譯 a cartoon technology and application 1 IC card technical characteristic along with microelectronic technology unceasing development specially 1 m following memory chip manufacture craft breakthrough and mature causes the entire IC card technology to present the more and more formidable vitality 1 1Simple the stable read write performance Regarding the magcard the linearity card the light card its information in the medium distribution is the plane Therefore when by read write card in information the card machine magnetic head and the light telegram heading all must the relative card carry on the reciprocal motion Satisfies this transmission request the mechanism quite to be without doubt complex thus increased the card machine failure rate greatly Moreover because the magcard the linearity card or the light card carry on the data access directly but is needs through the magnetoelectricity transformation or the photo electricity transformation transforms magnetism signal or the light signal the logical level signal Therefore the signal transformation part further increased the card machine electricity part complexity Regarding the IC card its information card its information storage is based on the semiconductor electric circuit The information may understand three dimensionally for in the medium distribution In the use the card machine and the card direct contact and maintains both relatively static thus does not need the complex mechanical drive structure On the other hand the IC card and between the card machine carries on the logical level wigwag directly does not need the clear signal type transformation This causes the card machine which the card machine mechanism and the electric circuit composition relative other cards plant is greatly the simplification this directly will cause the machine cost to drop the maintenance cost will reduce the machines and tools use will be stabled reliably 1 2 data storage stable General magcard signal storage time is approximately 1 2 years and needs to duplicate unceasingly renovates maintains the data not to be able to decay The card read write number of times also is restricted in several thousand next best more uses will not be able to guarantee the data the stability and the reliability Uses in the IC card the semi conductor memory being able to guarantee the data the maintenance time above 10 years even can achieve for 100 years long time This enables the card in to escape the net in the situation to use also can guarantee the data the authenticity and the reliability Simultaneously also reduced the worry data possibly to change or the loss carries on the 無(wú)無(wú)錫錫職職業(yè)業(yè)技技術(shù)術(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 3 revolution and the backup work On the other hand the IC card memory cell may duplicate scratches reads in the number of times to reach generally 10 000 times even reaches above 100 000 times Not only this directly increased the card repetition use ability moreover reduces likely the magcard such many times to send the cost of capital greatly which the card brings 1 3 large capacity data storage ability Magcard data ability are generally most only then more than 300 light card although reserves may be very big but because is read only thus its application is restricted However present commodity IC card storage capacity The memory stick may reach the 4M position the logical encryption card may reach the 16M position but regarding brings the CPU smart card the storage capacity to reach the 64K byte also may affirm along with the Semiconductor Technology development its capacity also will become the position growth every year Not only this enables the IC card to apply in the memory picture the fingerprint the sound wave regards the net grain and so on some need large capacity information in the biology trick recognition project but also was card multipurpose has provided the bigger capable of extension 1 4 Many kinds of encryption technology measure in the magcard the bar code card or the light card information needs to carry on certain transformation to be able to distinguish but they forge and the malicious interpolation attack lack the enough resistance energy actually facing the duplication Regarding the IC card may use many kinds of encryption technology measure 1 hardware logic encryption way Namely uses the semiconductor password which cannot be read to save enables the password comparison operation only in the chip interior to complete voluntarily 2 common software logic encryption way Namely uses the characteristic character mix code either uses Canada to examine the glyphomancy verification with clearly marked price processing or uses the scrambled text code directly all may quite conveniently enable the information which in the card saves to achieve the good encryption performance 3 strict software encryption way Brings the CPU intelligence IC card through the choice in the use card the CPU operational capability and the monitor routine the international general each kind of encryption algorithm for example DES RSA and so on will apply in card encryption processing will enable the IC card the safety performance to achieve the quite high level 1 5 intellectualized processing and the resolution capability Light discusses is the magcard the light card or the bar code card all is the non intelligent passive operating mode But intelligence IC card not only can on own initiative send out the order request to the interface equipment the distinction interface equipment validity as well as discrimination interface equipment function and jurisdiction 無(wú)無(wú)錫錫職職業(yè)業(yè)技技術(shù)術(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 4 moreover has the voluntarily operation and handling ability 1 6 each kind of compatible function the IC card itself substrate contour conforms to the international standard ID 1 size also the Khaki material is same in the magcard therefore attaches on the magcard or the additional painting bar code on the IC card substrate may satisfy the magcard application and the bar code card application 1 7 good comprehensive cost benefit at present the IC card average monolithic cost is approximately more expensive than the magcard 3 5 times But the comprehensive IC card system comprehensive cost benefit not difficult to see it to have the strong competitive ability In summary IC card this newborn product compares with other Khaki product has the unquestionable technical superiority Along with the technical development this kind of superiority further will also develop and the expansion Therefore in the next Khaki product application will substitute for other cards with the IC card to become the next development the main characteristic and the inevitable trend 2 IC card system hardware choice took the application system the hardware equipment choice must need as well as the implementation main body ability according to the actual project considers its system hardware disposition This mainly involves IC card choice and construction of data design IC card read write machines and tools choice and design System data transmission mode and structure choice and so on 2 1 1Card choice Card choice mainly chooses based on the IC card use environment request and the operating mode request The belt joint receives an electric shock the extremely contact IC card and non contacts the electrode the non contact IC card is two kind of main cards Regarding request fast through with environment bad for example multi dust rain water darkness and so on the situation may choose the non contact IC card generally If altogether male automobile charge highway bridge charge automatic general entrance guard control and so on Non contact IC card effective range Reads the data to be possible to reach 1000mm Writes the data to be away from is generally 100 200mm Compared with typical is the radio frequency cards RF Card It is one kind of passive IC card its contour size and the contact IC card is same It is carries on the correspondence using the radio frequency way and the interface equipment Its effective range and the interface equipment receive transmits the antenna to concern 無(wú)無(wú)錫錫職職業(yè)業(yè)技技術(shù)術(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 5 The basic corresponding relations are the range coverage and the antenna area is proportional Non contact IC card product variety not very many Table 1 is several kind of non contact IC card some performance The non contact IC card average transaction time is approximately 0 2 0 6s 2 1 2 IC card data storage and processing pattern choice Counting IC card The merit lies in the card cost to be opposite in other type IC card says its price to be low moreover this kind is low to the card machine request Suits in the disposable expense but also may enhances card itself using card surface fine printing and the advertisements propaganda the collection value and other additional value thus may one step reduce the IC card and the system cost saves the investment Memory stick or logical encryption memory stick Is suitable or needs the application in the accumulation documents recording which wide range printing revises Specially The variety are many easy to choose the performance price scaled height of burst the card the control operation is simple is low to the card machine request and the development system request May duplicate many times use Brings the CPU IC card Is suitable or guarantees the density request high in the multistage document management the application 2 1 3 IC card capacity choice Commonly used belt CPU the IC card storage capacity is ROM memory capacity generally in 4k 16k byte RAM memory capacity generally between 128 512 bytes EEPROM memory capacity generally between 1k 8k byte Generally speaking EEPROM memory capacity size changes to card price height big Moreover should pay attention When choice card storage capacity must as far as possible to the information which needs to save carry on optimized screening uses each encoding method or the code compression technology comes on the transaction card the record These both may save the card the storage space and may increase the card the secrecy thus causes the chip the performance price compared to high 2 1 4 IC card secure request and choice If saves in the IC card chip the data or the documents material belongs to openness application does not need to worry other people interpolation or the duplication and selects the memory stick generally Not only this because the price is cheap moreover the card capacity has it all from the 1k 4MB character position each kind of capacity specification variety Moreover the operation is simple causes the system the request also correspondingly to reduce If the IC card internal storage information is extremely important 無(wú)無(wú)錫錫職職業(yè)業(yè)技技術(shù)術(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 6 needs to carry on the person to distinguish moreover also needs to distinguish the read write connection the validity not only needs to carry on the district lamination to the card internal document and the record the control management but also must carries on each kind of and operation authorization password control visit to various districts or various application layers document and so on then should choose brings the CPU IC cards 2 2 IC the card read write machines and tools choice IC card read write machines and tools from generally speaking may divide into two big kinds Special purpose IC card read write machines and tools and versatile IC card read write machines and tools Special purpose IC card read write machines and tools In view of some kind of concrete application itself has completes between the IC card and the application system the data read write exchange the instruction the transaction computation aspect complete function and so on operation control implementing agency IC card machines and tools becomes the special purpose IC card read write machines and tools or the application dedicated terminal Versatile IC card read write Has generally completes with the IC card between the data read write exchange function Not only it is restricted in some kind of concrete application domain usually designs the standard computer peripheral the form namely uses conforms to the computer industry standard RS 2320 connection or uses AT BUS for its correspondence input output channel flapper the structure for the data input output connection This kind of IC card read write machines and tools have directly connect generally with the microcomputer constitute take the microcomputer as the control center IC card application system 2 3 IC the card Booth form choice In aspects and so on machines and tools design and practical application operation request mainly should consider the following several factors to Booth s choice 1 Basis card machine contour limit and the electric appliance performance requirement choose Booth s contour service life number of times 2 Has in the use according to the machines and tools to insert pulls out the IC card the use frequency chooses Booth s service life number of times 3 Considered Booth wears the card performance in the operating process to the card and the outward appearance influence which causes chooses Booth s contact form In 4 consideration application system the cardholder operates the behavior service person to operate or cardholder voluntarily operates 無(wú)無(wú)錫錫職職業(yè)業(yè)技技術(shù)術(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 7 the influence which possibly creates to the system safety chooses whether needs to spring the control or other house keeping operation function automatically 5 Consideration card arriving signal positions Chang Kai Xing or often close mold in order to coordinates the machines and tools well the circuit design and data gathering and the control 2 4 network connection choice Here network architecture refers to the network connection function which IC card read write machines and tools itself supports In the practical application system between the IC card terminal device data compiles with the data transfer also often uses the network mailing address It self has installed the network connection in many special purpose IC card read write machines and tools Synthesizes each kind of machines and tools the design and the actual system use situation at present IC card read write machines and tools itself has the network connection is generally RS 232 connections or the standard RS 485 connection may support constitutes the small scope main line structure or travels at night the structure the confined network Regarding has the accurate RS 232 connection or standard RS 232 the connection IC card read write machines and tools and the microcomputer together through together the multi user interface control extender board in under the multi user software support may constitute a small scope to travel at night the structure the network system Multi user control extender board uses which for the microcomputer has the Chinese red army soldier or 16 groups serial port expansion ability generally In the actual course of communications the star type structure has realized the point to point correspondence connection The signal distance is a RS 232 connection existence question At present may use the solution is direct Canada ties the long line driver to increase the connection driving force Regarding has standard RS 485 the connection IC card read write machine and the microcomputer together through together the RS 485 special purpose control extender board in actuates the software correspondingly under the support may constitute a main line structure network system The RS 485 control panel uses which for the microcomputer has Shan Kou Huo generally the pair of mouth connection Each single mouth may hang the knot 32 terminals If is the pair of mouth output then may bring two main lines namely altogether may hang meets 64 terminals In the main line way various terminal device all is hangs parallel meets on the main line therefore in information transmission time assumes the broadcast way Namely when an equipment transmits the information to the main line on on all main line equipment has the opportunity to obtain the information That equipment which but obtains the information equipment only to be able truly to be the equipment address with which transmits the information 無(wú)無(wú)錫錫職職業(yè)業(yè)技技術(shù)術(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 英文翻譯 8 is assigned the address tallies Is away from with the RS 485 control panel direct drive may reach 1 2km generally In summary wants to enable a cartoon system to achieve the best use effect must select the corresponding IC card type the read write machines and tools Booth and so on A more important creation unobstructed reliable correspondence network it is radically selects any standard the correspondence medium 3 Concluding remark intellectualization IC card is the world changes with each new day now in the development information a dazzling nova it is to the market the commodity the currency and the transaction way transformation it will affect and changes people s traditional ideas and the expense custom From now on we will use the smart card which a process will give then to be possible to enjoy property services and the safety control and so on vehiclesturnover