中學(xué)階段英語最常用的九個(gè)介詞.doc

中學(xué)階段英語最常用的九個(gè)介詞一.at1. 動(dòng)詞+ atat表示“指向某一目標(biāo)，到達(dá)某地”：arrive at抵達(dá), call at訪問某地, catch at(it)當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住, come at攻擊, fire at向開火, glance at 瞟一眼, glare at 怒目而視, grieve at 憂傷，knock at 敲, laugh at 嘲笑, look at 看一眼, pull at 拉扯, rejoice at 對(duì)高興，smile at 向某人微笑, shoot at 朝射擊, stare at 怒目而視, thrust at 刺向, tear at 撕, tremble at 顫抖，wonder at 吃驚，work at 工作。例如：Dont let me catch you again at it. 不要再讓我當(dāng)場(chǎng)逮住你。We must “shoot the arrow at the target”. 我們必須有的放矢。They trembled at the sight of the peasants spears. 看到農(nóng)民的梭標(biāo)，他們陣陣發(fā)抖。2. be +形容詞/過去分詞+ at 其中at表示“情緒、情感的原因，或?qū)δ澄锞哂心撤N感情”：be angry at惱怒于, be alarmed at對(duì)保持警覺,be astonished at對(duì)吃驚, be bad at不擅長, be clever at對(duì)某事很靈巧,be delighted at高興，be disgusted at厭惡, be disappointed at對(duì)失望，be good at擅長, be impatient at對(duì)不夠耐心, be mad at狂熱于,be pleased at對(duì)感到高興, be present at出席, be satisfied at滿意,be surprised at吃驚, be shocked at對(duì)非常震驚，be terrified at受到的恐嚇,be quick at對(duì)很機(jī)敏。例如：They were overjoyed at his return to work. 他們對(duì)他重返工作感到欣喜。They are alarmed at the growth of the liberation movement in the colonies. 他們對(duì)殖民地日益壯大的解放運(yùn)動(dòng)警覺起來。3. at+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組 at a distance在一定距離，at a loss不知所措，at a time一次，at all一點(diǎn)也不，at any cost不惜一切代價(jià)，at best最好也只是，at first起初，at hand手頭，at heart在內(nèi)心里，at home在家;無拘束，at last最后，at least至少，at most最多，at once馬上，at present目前，at sea不知所措，at times有時(shí)，at will任意地，at work起作用，at worst最壞。4. 其它含有at的短語 work hard at勤奮工作，drop in at順路拜訪。二、to11.動(dòng)詞+to a) 動(dòng)詞+ to。介詞to意為“達(dá)到，指向”等：adjust to適應(yīng), attend to處理;照料, agree to贊同, amount to加起來達(dá)，belong to屬于, come to達(dá)到, drink to為干杯，get to到達(dá), happen to發(fā)生在某人身上, hold to緊握, lead to通向, listen to聽, occur to想起, object to反對(duì), point to指向, respond to回答, refer to參考;指的是;涉及, reply to回答, see to負(fù)責(zé),stick to堅(jiān)持, turn to求助, write to給某人寫信。例如：She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必須學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)英國的生活。Business has to be attended to. 有事要辦。An idea occurred to me. 我想出一個(gè)辦法。b) 動(dòng)詞(+sth.)+to+sb.下列動(dòng)詞不能直接帶間接賓語sb.，要接間接賓語時(shí)須在動(dòng)詞后加介詞to：announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解釋, express to對(duì)某人表達(dá), mention to提及, nod to向某人點(diǎn)頭, report to報(bào)告, say to告知, shout to對(duì)某人大叫, suggest to對(duì)某人提建議,speak to與某人交談, talk to跟某人談話, whisper to和某人低聲耳語。例如：She suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee.她跟我向委員會(huì)推舉了一兩個(gè)合適的人選。c) 動(dòng)詞+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.此時(shí)介詞to可譯成“到，于，給”等意思：add to增加, compare to比作, carry to運(yùn)送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介紹給, invite to邀請(qǐng)參加, join to連接到, leave to委托給,reduce to下降至, sentence to判處, take to帶到。例如：Please add a piece of candy to coffee. 請(qǐng)給咖啡加塊糖。Poets like to compare life to stage. 詩人喜歡把人生比作舞臺(tái)。2be +形容詞/過去分詞+ toto的意思是“對(duì)”：be alive to覺察;曉得,be attentive to注意;留心, be awake to知曉, be blind to缺乏眼光,be close to緊挨著, be common to對(duì)某人來說很普通, be contrary to違反;反對(duì), be devoted to致力, be deaf to不愿意聽, be equal to有的力量,be exposed to暴露;遭受, be fair to對(duì)公平, be familiar to對(duì)某人來說熟悉,be grateful to對(duì)某人心存感激, be good to對(duì)有好處, be harmful to對(duì)有危害,be important to對(duì)重要, be kind to友好對(duì)待, be known to周知于,be married to嫁給, be moved to轉(zhuǎn)移到, be near to靠近,be necessary to對(duì)有必要, be opposite to在對(duì)面, be opposed to反對(duì),be pleasant to合某人之意, be proper to專屬, be polite to禮貌待人,be rude to粗暴對(duì)待, be relative to與有關(guān), be strange to不習(xí)慣,be similar to類似, be suitable to適合, be true to忠實(shí),be thankful to感激, be useful to對(duì)有用, be used to習(xí)慣。例如：Are you alive to what is going on? 你注意到發(fā)生什么事了嗎?The old man was not equal to the situation. 那老人不能應(yīng)付這種情況。His house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的房子對(duì)面。3to+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組to a degree在某種程度上, to date到現(xiàn)在為止,to ones feet跳起來，to ones mind照看來, to ones surprise使吃驚,to ones taste符合胃口, to oneself獨(dú)自享用, to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地。三、about1. 動(dòng)詞+about+sth about在此表示“論及，談起，涉及，著手”等意思：arrange about安排，argue about辯論, ask about詢問，bring about帶來，chat about閑聊，care about在意，complain about報(bào)怨，go about著手，hear about聽說, inquire about打聽,know about了解， quarrel about爭論，read about讀到, see about負(fù)責(zé)處理，set about開始, speak about談起, talk about談?wù)? think about考慮, trouble about擔(dān)心，tell about講述，worry about著急?，F(xiàn)舉例說明其中一些短語的用法：She inquired about my brother. 她向我打聽有關(guān)我兄弟的情況。I must set about my packing. 我必須開始收拾行裝。What are you chatting about? 你們?cè)诹氖裁茨?2. be +形容詞+about+sthabout在此意思是“為，對(duì)”，接表原因的詞：be anxious about為著急, be bad about對(duì)感到不舒服，be busy about忙于,be careful about小心, be certain about對(duì)有把握, be concerned about關(guān)心,be crazy about為發(fā)狂，be excited about為感到激動(dòng), be happy about為而高興,be mad about為發(fā)瘋，be nervous about對(duì)感到緊張, be particular about挑剔,be pleased about為興奮，be strict about對(duì)嚴(yán)格，be thoughtful about對(duì)考慮周到的，be uneasy about為感受到不安。例句：What have you been busy about today? 今天在忙些什么?You are certainly very thoughtful about others. 你為別人想得太周到了。Im strict about such things. 對(duì)這些事我是很嚴(yán)格的。注：come about發(fā)生，get about(疾病、謠言)流行，turn about轉(zhuǎn)身，leave about到處亂放，lie about隨便堆放，put about打擾;傳播，put oneself about使發(fā)愁。這些詞組中about作副詞，此時(shí)about不能接賓語。四、for11. 動(dòng)詞+fora) 動(dòng)詞+for。for表原因、目的：account for解釋;說明, answer for對(duì)負(fù)責(zé),apply for申請(qǐng);請(qǐng)求, apologize for為而道歉, beg for請(qǐng)求, call for要求,care for在意, enter for報(bào)名參加, fight for為而戰(zhàn), hope for希望,inquire for查詢;求見, leave for離開某地到另一地, look for尋找, long for盼望,mistake for誤認(rèn)為, plan for計(jì)劃做某事, prepare for為作準(zhǔn)備,provide for為提供, reach for伸手去拿, run for競(jìng)選, stand for象征,search for搜尋, send for派人去請(qǐng), speak for陳述意見、愿望, take for當(dāng)作, wish for希望, wait for等待。例如：His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。The baby reached for the apple but couldnt reach it.那嬰兒伸手去蘋果，但夠不著。He who would search for pearls must dive below.要想找到珍珠，必須潛到海底。b) 動(dòng)詞+sb.+ for +sth.。for表示原因或目的：ask for要求得到,blame for因責(zé)備, excuse for寬恕, forgive for諒解, pardon for原諒,pay for花錢買, praise for稱贊, punish for對(duì)進(jìn)行懲罰,push for催逼，reward for酬謝, thank for對(duì)表示謝意。例如：Please excuse me for my being late. 請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业倪t到。Forgive me for my keeping you waiting. 請(qǐng)見諒，讓你久等了。2be +形容詞+forfor表作用、目的、對(duì)人或物有某種情緒等：be anxious for急于做, be eager for渴望, be bad for有害于,be convenient for便于, be good for利于, be famous for以出名,be fit for適合于, be grateful for對(duì)心存感激, be impatient for對(duì)不耐煩,be late for遲到, be necessary for有必要, be ready for作好準(zhǔn)備,be sorry for為而后悔, be responsible for對(duì)負(fù)