CET 寫作技巧.doc

英語寫作基本技巧（1）注意篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，合理布局：開始部分（opening paragraph/Introductory Paragraph）說出文中的要點、核心問題。正文部分（Body paragraph/Developing Paragraph）圍繞主題開展敘述、討論。結(jié)尾部分（concluding paragraph）對全文的總結(jié)和概括。Sample:Should One Own a CarCar is very important nowadays in peoples life. In a large urban area, there are some good reasons for owning a car. A car allows people to move around freely. It is comfortable to travel in a car ,especially in bad weather. A driver is usually safe in a car at night instead of walking down a dark street or waiting on a dark corner.There are, on the other hand, many good reasons against having a car. It may be very expensive and the price of fuel continues to rise each year. It may lead to traffic jam and air pollution. Owning a car can cause worry and stress. Sometimes you might be afraid that your car would be stolen. It is tiring to drive in heavy traffic.In my opinion, it is better to own a car since it is not only a convenient means of transportation but a symbol of modern life, and we should not give up eating for fear of choking.（2）確定主題句主題句是對全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“畫龍點睛”的作用。通常主題句出現(xiàn)在一篇文章的開頭，而后，全文對主題句所提出的內(nèi)容進行解釋，擴展。寫主題句應注意以下幾點：歸納出你要寫的文章的幾個要點。提煉出一句具有概括性的句子。主題句應具有可讀性，抓住、吸引讀者。下面我們通過例子來學習、體會“主題句”（范例1）Something unpleasant happened to us on our way to the beach. In the morning，while we were waiting to buy train tickets in the railway station， a bus driver came over to us. He told us he also was going to the beach， the ride was cheap， and the bus was air-conditioned. We felt grateful and got on his bus. As we were talking happily on the way， the bus suddenly stopped. The driver said he needed two hours to repair the engine. While he was working on the engine， he turned off the air-conditioner. He actually took four hours to finish his job， and we spent the whole morning sweating in the heat?。ǚ独?）I am an active boy and I talk more than listen. When I talk with my friends， Im always ready to express myself. Im not afraid to tell others what I think. I am usually the focus of the attention because I often have lots of ideas that interest everyone. In my opinion， people should share and exchange each others ideas. But when I am with the quiet people， I feel the air is frozen. Im always trying to find a topic and start a conversation. In this way， people will like me and feel happy.In a word， I am optimistic and active and I can make everybody as confident as me.（范例3）My first-year college life is a mess. （二）巧用連接詞連接上下文的關(guān)鍵要想使文章有整體性、連貫性，就要學會正確使用連接詞下面請你認真學習并學會運用下列常見連接詞表示羅列增加：First， second， third，F(xiàn)irst， then / next， after that / next， finallyFor one thing for another，On （the） one handon the other hand，Besides / whats more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also，Especially / In particular，表示時間順序：now， at present， recently，after， afterwards， after that， after a while， in a few days，at first， in the beginning， to begin with，later， next， finally，immediately， soon， suddenly， all of a sudden， at that moment， as soon as， the momentform now on， from then on，at the same time， meanwhile，till， notuntil， before， after， when， while， as during，表示解釋說明：now， in addition， for example， for instance， in this case， moreoverfurthermore， in fact， actually表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but， however， while， though， or， otherwise， on the contrary， on the otherhand， in contrast， despite， in spite of， even though， except （for）， instead， of course， after all，表示并列關(guān)系：or， and， also， too， not only but also， as well as， both and， either or， neither nor， for表示因果關(guān)系：because， because of， since， now that， as， thanks to， due to， therefore， as a result （of）， otherwise， sothat， suchthat表示條件關(guān)系：as （so） long as， on condition that， if， unless， once， when表示讓步關(guān)系：though， although， as， even if， even though， whether or， however， whoever，whatever， whichever， wherever， whenever， no matter how （who， what， which， where， when， whom）表示舉例：for example， for instance， such as， take for example表示比較：be similar to， similarly， the same as， in contrast， compared with （to）just like， just as，表示目的：for this reason， for this purpose， so that， in order to， so as to，表示強調(diào)：in deed， in fact， surely， certainly， no doubt， without any doubt， truly，obviously， above all，表示概括歸納：in a word， in short， in brief， on the whole， to sum up， generally speaking， in my opinion， as far as I know， as we all know， as has been stated， as I have shown， finally， at last， in summary， in conclusion（三）掌握常用句型：1. in order to為了實現(xiàn)他的夢想，他學習非常努力。He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.他盡最大可能攢錢來負擔他大學一年級的學費。He was saving as much as possible in order to pay for his fresh year in the university.2. in order that她拼命干活以便到六點時把一切都準備就緒。She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 oclock他隨身帶了幾本書以便在漫長的旅途中不會太無聊。He took some books with him in order that he would not get bored during the long journey.3. sothat無論遇到什么問題，他總是先想到自己。他太自私了，一直沒有人愿意與他共事。No matter what problem he faces， he always thinks about himself first. He is so selfish that nobody wants to work with him他們太累了，除了伸懶腰什么都做不了了。They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.4. suchthat他關(guān)窗戶特別使勁以至于玻璃都碎了。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.天氣非常冷，以致于街上一個人都沒有。It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.5. would rather dothan do他寧愿聽他人講而不愿自己說。He would rather listen to others than talk himself.6. prefer doing to doing他在辦公室的時候，他總是愿找些事做而不愿意閑著。While he was in the office， he preferred doing something to doing nothing.他寧愿在精心準備后去做報告。He prefers making speeches after careful preparation.7. prefer to dorather than do比起女人，男人總是寧可在家睡覺也不愿花那么多時間來購物。Compared with women， men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.Tom 寧可工作到很晚來完成工作也不把它留到第二天去做。Tom prefers to stay up late to finish the work rather than leave it done the next day.8. not onlybut also在短短的三年的時間里她不但完成了所有課程，而且還獲得了博士學位。In just three years， she had not only finished all the lessons， but also received her doctors degree.森林不但可以凈化空氣，而且可以減少噪音。Forests can not only fresh the air but also reduce noises.9. eitheror如果考試過關(guān)，你可以買一個MP3或去云南玩一趟。You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.不是小偷就是守門人把畫拿走了。Either the thief or the gatekeeper took the picture away.10. Neithernor我和他都不知道老人怎么了。Neither he nor I know what happened to the old man.他是一個無聊的人，既不愛娛樂，也不愛讀書。He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading.11. as well as足球和電腦游戲一樣深受青年喜愛。Football as well as computer games is pupular with young people.他善良又樂于助人。He was kind as well as helpful.12. as well圖書管理除了一些文學書籍，還有大量的雜志。Apart from many literature books， there are quite a few magazines in our library as well.這個小孩活潑又可愛。The child is active and funny as well.13. Onethe other你看見桌子上有兩只筆嗎？一支是紅色的，另一支是黑色的。Have you seen two pens on the desk？ One is red， the other is black.我昨天買了兩張CD，一個是Backstreets Boys的，另一個是Coco Li的。I got two CDs yesterday. One is of Backstreet Boys， the other is of Coco Li.14. Someothers每個人都很忙，有些在讀書，有些在寫作。Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading， others are writing.我們班有許多外國學生，一些來自歐洲，一些來自美洲。There are many foreign students in our class. Some of them are from Europe， others come from America.15. make+adj /n北京擁有一千三百萬人口，使它成為中國最大的城市之一。Beijing has a population of 13 million， making it one of the largest cities in China.我們所做的可以讓世界更美麗。What we do will make the world more beautiful.16. notuntil直到他告訴我發(fā)生的事，我才了解真相。I didnt know the truth until she told me what happened.昨天我直到深夜才睡。Yesterday I didnt go to sleep until midnight.17. as if他夸夸其談好像什么事都知道。He talks a lot as if he knows everything.好像我是第一個到校的人。It seems as if I am the first one arriving at school.18. It is no use （good） doing沒考慮清楚就講是不好的。Its no good talking without thinking carefully.假裝不懂規(guī)則是行不通的。Its no use pretending that you didnt know the rules.19. find it + adj to do我覺得作聽力時有必要作筆記。I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.我認為有工作經(jīng)驗很重要。I feel it important to have some working ex