外研版高二英語(yǔ)必修五學(xué)案：Module 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).doc

section grammar復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ) 境 自 主 領(lǐng) 悟先觀察原句后自主感悟1.today，carnival in venice is celebrated for five days in february.2.if they broke the laws，they were put into prison.3.the party will be held in five days.4.two hundred trees have been planted since the man came here.1.句1用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為“am/is/are過(guò)去分詞”。2.句2用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為“was/were過(guò)去分詞”。3.句3用了一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為“will/shallbe過(guò)去分詞”。4.句4用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為“have/hasbeen過(guò)去分詞”。語(yǔ) 法 精 要 點(diǎn) 撥一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化1各種時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be和及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，其時(shí)態(tài)變化通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞be的不同形式來(lái)體現(xiàn)。時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are doneenglish is taught in most schools.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were donethe letter was typed on the computer.一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will be donethe problem will be discussed tomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being donethe bridge is being built.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being doneat that time the desk was being repaired.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been donethe house has been built.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had been donethey said that their work had been finished.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would be donehe said the trees would be planted soon.2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊形式(1)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.必須采取措施來(lái)制止水受到污染。(2) “get過(guò)去分詞”式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 在口語(yǔ)和非正式的語(yǔ)體中，常用“get過(guò)去分詞”表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其中g(shù)et相當(dāng)于be動(dòng)詞，起助動(dòng)詞的作用。這種形式一般用來(lái)談?wù)撏蝗话l(fā)生的事，通常只表示動(dòng)作，不表示狀態(tài)。some glasses got broken when we were moving.我們搬家時(shí)有些玻璃杯被打碎了。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1完成句子we are_not_allowed(不允許) to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.the book has_been_published(已經(jīng)出版) and you can buy one in the local book store.tom always had the feeling that they were_being_watched(正在被監(jiān)視)treasures must_be_taken(一定要采取) to prevent the water from being polluted.the hall is_being_built(正在建造)i wonder whether it will_be_finished(將完成). 二、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1當(dāng)look，sound，smell，taste，feel，prove，remain，stay等作系動(dòng)詞時(shí)。the soup smells good but tastes terrible.這種湯聞起來(lái)不錯(cuò)，但太難喝了。the theory proved to be correct.這個(gè)理論證明是正確的。2表示主語(yǔ)某種屬性、特征的動(dòng)詞如read，sell，write，wash，wear等。this kind of book sells well.這種書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo)。the shirt washes well.這襯衫很好洗。3表示開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如begin，start，finish，stop，open，close等。the shop closes at 6 pm.everyday.商店每天下午6點(diǎn)關(guān)門(mén)。 即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2單句語(yǔ)法填空your reason sounds(sound) reasonable.my pen writes(write) quite smoothly.we must get there before the lecture begins(begin)三、使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題1不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：rise，appear，disappear，happen，occur，break out，take place，run out，give out(用完，耗盡)等。my money has run out.can you lend me some?我的錢(qián)用完了，你能借給我一些嗎？2在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里，感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后面跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須帶to。i often hear her sing english songs.she is often heard to sing english songs by me.我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她唱英語(yǔ)歌。3帶有介詞或副詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞或副詞不能省略。she often looks after the old man.the old man is often looked after by her.她經(jīng)常照顧這位老人。4含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有兩種方法：一是將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)保持不變；二是將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞to或for。her mother bought her a computer.she was bought a computer by her mother.a computer was bought for her by her mother.她媽媽給她買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)電腦。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3單句改錯(cuò)a traffic accident was happened near our school last night.去掉wasgreat changes have been taken place in china in the past five years.去掉beena tall man was seen go into the room just now.go前加to語(yǔ) 法 應(yīng) 用 落 實(shí).單句語(yǔ)法填空1english is_spoken(speak) all over the world，so it is called the universal language.2the sweater sells(sell) well，so i decide to buy it.3a new law was_passed(pass) in china in 2010 to ban driving after drinking.4a new road is_being_built(build) and is expected to open next month.5mum，i was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until i got paid(pay) on friday.6they should be_taught(teach) to be grateful to their parents，who have given them life but ask for nothing in return.7the woman was walking about outside the operation room，because her son was_being_operated(operate) on.8we are confident that the environment will_be_improved(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.9large quantities of money have_been_spent(spend) in searching for a cure for this terrible disease so far. 10the palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building remains(remain) now.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1the meeting was lasted for nearly four hours and many people felt sleepy.去掉was2stop making noise.the news is broadcast at the moment.broadcast前加being3paul doe