EFFECTS OF GENDER ON LESDERSHIP (1).docx

Running head: EFFECTS OF GENDER ON LESDERSHIPMore leadership in men than in women in the work force?Men and women in leadership own different character and leadershipAuthor NoteAbstract With the growing popularity of gender bias in the workplace but also gradually gender differentiation. Whether it is the allocation of responsibilities in the organization, or work schedule, human resources, payroll, rights, prestige, professional behavior are subject to the impact of the thought which says men and women are different. In the past 20 years, research on womens leadership and management,scholars have published a lot of discussion, these studies were based mainly on these two issues. The first question is: do women become leaders? After obtaining positive responses, scholars began to study in various team organization, what difference between male and female leadership behavior and influence ? Investigation focuses on this issue varies. At different times, sometimes focusing on differences between men and women, sometimes focusing on investigating the similarities. The purpose of my investigation in this survey focuses on peoples hearts, whether men have more leadership than female in work and their difference in leadership character and leadership To do this, First of all ,based on the data I need,i design a questionnaire, then send it in the wechat, QQ and other instant messaging platforms, after receiving questionnaires i use SPSS for analysis. In addition, I also read a lot of literature. In the course of research, I came to the conclusion that people view that men own more leadership than female, at the same time men and women have significant differences in character and leadership. Contribution of this paper is to study the effects of personality on leadership, according to the conclusions of the Institute, through a variety of different ways we can balance male and female differences in leadership.Whether Man Have more Leadership Than Female in Work About 40,000 or 50,000 years ago, when new is developed from the ancient, primitive came in a matriarchal society, belonging to the late Paleolithic of archaeology.To about 10,000 years ago or so, belonging to the Mesolithic or early Neolithic in archaeological, matriarchal clan community took a step forward, to about six thousand or seven thousand years from now, reached to the boom. In the matrilineal society, women in leadership positions. And then with human development, products increased ,physical strength dominating lead the mens position in the social labor increased, and gradually form a patriarchal society. In patriarchal societies, women are discriminated against for a long time, so, at that time, general conditions, womens leadership cannot start. Nowadays, with women leaders swamped in the world, their impact on society increases at an unprecedented situation rapidly. Correspondingly, hosted by the women leaders of womens leadership is also attracted more and more attention in the field of leadership studies , and it become an important factor in rich and develop the level of organization and community leadership . But even at very high speed to improve womens status in the case, most people still think that men have more leadership than female. The questionnaire I designed contains two wide range of issues, one is about peoples subjective understanding of gender on leadership, a further investigation is the differences between men and women in leadership character and leadership . (To view the questionnaire) regard to the first question, I use SPSS Chi-square. For the first problem, there are five answer, disagree, a little recognition,neutral, somewhat agree, very agree. In the first small problem that men and women in leadership there is no difference. Through SPSS of Chi-square analysis obtained if you come to a significance level of 0.05, because the probability P value is greater than the significance level , therefore accept the null hypothesis that there was no significant difference in the overall distribution of samples from the specified theoretical distribution, that is the question for the various options and choose the number of the options in line with the ratio 1: 8: 10: 6: 3.According to the result, people who dont think the differences between male and female on the leadership there are very few part of, about four percent.The test statisticchoiceChi-square3.086adf4Asymptotic significance.543choiceObservation NumberExpected numberResidualsdisagree109.6.4a little recognition8077.12.9neutral10096.43.6somewhat agree6057.92.1very agree2028.9-8.9Total270 In the option that men whether itself is more suitable than women do, led this problem by SPSS analysis out of the results obtained if you come to a significance level of 0.05, because the probability P value is greater than the significance level , therefore accept the null hypothesis that there was no significant difference in the overall distribution of samples from the specified theoretical distribution, that is the question for the various options and choose the number of the options in line with the ratio 4: 5: 5: 11: 3.Leading to the conclusion that most people think men and women are equal on this subject that whether it is suitable .The test statisticchoiceChi-square3.086adf4Asymptotic significance.543。choiceObservation NumberExpected numberResidualsdisagree4038.61.4a little recognition5048.21.8neutral5048.21.8somewhat agree110106.13.9very agree2028.9-8.9Total270 On whether there is need to enhance womens leadership development issues by SPSS analytical results obtained if the significance level a is 0.05, because the probability P value is greater than the significance level a, thus accepting the null hypothesis that the overall distribution of the specified sample from the the theoretical distribution was no significant difference, that is the question for the various options and choose the options in line with the number of the ratio 2: o.1: 4: 18: 4. According to the results show that the vast majority of people believe that in order to achieve gender equality in leadership, enhance the development of female leadership is necessary.choiceObservation NumberExpected numberResidualsdisagree2019.3.7a little recognition11.0.0neutral4038.61.4somewhat agree180173.66.4very agree3038.6-8.6Total271The test statisticchoiceChi-square2.223adf4Asymptotic significance.695 In this problem whether there is a significant difference in the female and male leaders conduct and efficiency in the organization, using SPSS to analyze, the results are as follows, if the significance level a is 0.05, because the probability P value is greater than the significance level a, and therefore accept the original assumption that the overall distribution of the samples from the specified theoretical distribution was no significant difference, that is the question for the various options and choose the number of the options in line with the ratio 2: 3: 7: 15: 1.Indicating that the majority of people think that men and women leaders in the organization existing significant differences between behavior and efficiency. The test statisticchoiceChi-square1.111adf4Asymptotic significance.893。choiceObservation NumberExpected numberResidualsdisagree2019.3.7a little recognition3028.91.1neutral6067.5-7.5somewhat agree150144.65.4very agree109.6.4Total270Based on the above data, I summed up the conclusion that the men and women in leadership are significant different, men own more leadership than women .Men and Women in Leadership Own Different Character and Leadership In (Schein, 1973) and (Schein, 1975), study about character of men and women showed that some personality traits which are regarded as a middle manager owning, most are consistent with general male personality traits. Therefore, compared to our expectations to the behavior of the women, we expect that more of male behavior is similar to our expectations of a leader. Female characters bringing people cognitive conflicts on leadership between descriptive and explanatory bias (Burgess and Borgida, 1999, Eagly and Karau, 2002; Heilman, 2001) .Descriptive prejudice lies in the lack of matching between female role and leadership model ,derived from this, women do not have the basic quality of leadership to play a leader role; And explanatory bias is to use the masculine female leadership model, contrary to the expectations of her social gender roles. Eagly and Karau (2002) put forward the theory of role, explains the contradiction between the female gender and leadership role in details. Thinking that more masculine features on behalf of the rational disposition, women are characterized by corporate personality. Scott and Brown (2006) study found that when women leaders show acting role, while male leaders show team roles, the participants will need more time to adapt, suggesting that the participants do not want to appear inconsistent with gender roles. And according to the result of my survey , after the concrete is related to leadership skills, we can conclude from the table below that, women are more likely than boys to implement in a work adjustment target, it is easier to attract and recruit talent. But mens ability to make decisions , the ability to adapt to the environment, the ability to adjust the target according to environmental change and in the face of uncertain decision-making ability is far higher than that of women. This is similar to each point of view of TuLiXia (2003) who proposed by that the male entrepreneurs are more task oriented, independent, independence, competition; While women are partial social oriented, pay attention to interpersonal communication, interdependence,cooperation and so on Method 1, the questionnaire surveyParticipants: shenzhen university students as well as part of the social people who have already had work participated in the questionnaire to fill in.Steps: determine the theme - choose questionnaire type - determine the need to collect the data - designed questionnaire - evaluate the validity of the questionnaire - test the reliability of the questionnaire - use SPSS and excel to analyze the data analysis of the conclusions 2, the literature of second-hand dataConclusion At work, in general, men have more leadership than female in work . And development and strengthening of womens leadership is to help women to raise their ability to balance this situation. Men and women in the process of leadership their personality and ability are also different, male leaders are more task oriented, independent, independence, competition; W