八年級U4T2知識點及練習(xí) 仁愛版.doc

Unit 4 Our worldTopic 2 I am sure there are no UFOs.一、語言知識點（1）詞匯：robot, scientist, appear, situation, repair, mend, toward, plate, planet, information, object, balloon, write to, wake, real（2）短語：spendon, take the place of, mistakefor, look up, call for, wake sb. up, pay attention to, begin with, plug in, dictionary（3）句子：1Robots can take the place of humans to do hard and boring work in some work situations. 2Im sure robots can do some work faster and better than humans.3Robots can work without pay.4Do you think you will have a robot in 20 years?5People often mistake some man-made objects such as kites or balloons for UFOs.6He woke up and saw his mother.7We can use the Internet for finding jobs.8But we shouldnt spend too much time on the Internet.9The words in dictionaries are in alphabetical order.10When you look up a word in the dictionary, you must pay attention to the first letter of the word.11When two words begin with the same letter, you have to look at the second letter to find the word.12I think its helpful in studying English.13I pressed the“ON”button but nothing happened. 14Well, are you sure you plugged it in?二、單詞辨析和語法講解1job與work的用法（1）job工作，零工（可數(shù)名詞）。如：Jobs are not easy to get. 工作不好找。Many people lost their jobs. 許多人失業(yè)了。I have several jobs to do before going to bed. 我睡覺之前還有好幾項工作要做。（2）work工作（不可數(shù)名詞）。如：I can not find work in this town. 我在這個鎮(zhèn)里找不到工作。Can you do the work alone? 這活兒你一個人干得了嗎？Few people like hard work. 幾乎沒有人喜歡艱苦的工作。work可作用動詞。如：The new worker works well. 這個新工人活兒干得很好。The students work hard. 學(xué)生們努力學(xué)習(xí)。The bell doesnt work. 鈴兒不響了。2appear的用法（1）不及物動詞，“出現(xiàn)，呈現(xiàn)”。如：Once more Miss Green didnt appear. 格林小姐又沒來。（2）系動詞，意為“似乎，看來，顯得”，其含義近似seem。appear作系動詞可用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：appear to do sth. 如：He appeared to be very friendly to us. 他對我們顯得很友好。There appeared to be only one room. 似乎只有一個房間。appear + adj. 如：You appeared all right when I left. 我離開時，你看起來還不錯。They appeared amused by the story. 他們聽到這個故事顯得很高興。It appears/ appeared that 如：It appears that I am wrong. 看起來是我錯了。3over, on 和above的用法（1）over和“on”“above”的意思相同，是“在之上”的意思。但它們在用法上是有區(qū)別的。請看下面的分解：on表示一個物體在另一個物體的表面上，即互相接觸；over表示一個物體是在另一個物體的正上方，兩者之間是垂直關(guān)系，但不接觸；above表示一個物體在另一個物體的正上方或斜上方，如圖所示：4toward 和to的用法（1）toward prep.“向，朝，對著”。表示大致方向，如：They are moving toward that city. 他們正向那個城市移動。She had her back toward me. 她背對著我。She went towards the hospital. 她朝醫(yī)院走去；（2）to則含有到達的意思。如：She went to the hospital. 她去了醫(yī)院。5含有l(wèi)ook的部分詞組（1）look for尋找，尋求。如：Are you still looking for a job? 你還在找工作嗎？（2）look at注意看。如：Look at the time! Were going to be late. 注意一下時間！我們要遲到了。（3）look like看起來像 如：You look like your brother. 你看起來好像你弟弟。（4）look after照顧，照料。如：Whos going to look after the children while youre away?你不在時誰來照顧小孩？（5）look up 查找，如：If you meet new words you can look them up in the dictionary. 如果你遇到生詞，你可以在字典中查找。6sure的用法sure意為“無疑的，肯定的，確信的，有把握的”，僅用作表語。常有以下句型：（1）be sure of(about)對有把握。后只能接詞或短語，不能接句子。如：He is sure of(about)living to ninety. 他相信能活到90歲。Were sure of a warm welcome. 我們一定會受到熱烈歡迎。Are you sure about it? 你對此有把握嗎？Im sure of myself. 我相信自己。（2）be sure to do一定會干。如：He is sure to succeed. 他一定會成功的。They are sure to come early. 他們一定會早來的。Youre sure to fail if you dont work hard. 如果你不努力，定會失敗的。（3）be sure+clause（從句）確信，肯定。如：Im sure that he will help you. 我相信他會幫助你的。Are you sure that you left the book on the table just now? 你敢肯定你剛才把書放在桌子上了嗎？（4）be (not) sure+whether/if表示“不肯定是否”，whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：Im not sure whether they can come or not. 我不能肯定他們能不能來。Im not sure whether/if will be sunny tomorrow. 我不能肯定明天天氣是否晴朗。He isnt sure whether/if his father will agree with him. 他不肯定他父親是否會同意他。三、課文講解1Robots can take the place of humans to do hard and boring work in some work situations. 在某些工作機器人可以代替人做困難和無聊的工作。take the place of代替，取代。如：Our English teacher was ill, so Miss Li took the place of him.我們的英語老師病了，因此李老師給他代課。Now gas takes the place of coal in cooking. 現(xiàn)在，煤氣代替煤來做飯。鏈接：instead of復(fù)合介詞，表示“代替，替，而不是”。如：Hell go to Italy instead of France. 他要去意大利而不去法國。Well go by bus instead of on foot. 我們坐車去，而不步行去。注意take the place of是動詞短語，可作謂語；而instead of是復(fù)合介詞短語，他們的意思基本相同。如：Computers take the place of typewriters（打字機）in most offices.People type with computers instead of typewriters in most offices.在大多數(shù)辦公室，電腦取代了打字機。2Im sure robots can do some work faster and better than humans.我相信機器人做某些工作比人做得更快更好。sure adj. 肯定的，確信的。be sure+從句表示“確信，肯定”。如：Im sure that he will help me. 我相信他會幫助我的。Im not sure where I put it. 我不確定我把它放在哪兒了。3Robots can work without pay. 機器人能不要報酬地工作。pay在這里是名詞，意為“報酬，薪水”。pay還可作動詞，過去式為paid。常構(gòu)成短語pay for，意為“付款”。常以pay+錢+for sth. 形式出現(xiàn)在句中。如：I paid 50 yuan for this pair of shoes. 我花了50元買這雙鞋子。4Do you think you will have a robot in 20 years?20年后你認為你會有機器人嗎？in 20 years意為“20年之后”，表示將來的時間，常與一般將來時連用。而“after+一段時間”是表示過去的時間，常與一般過去時連用。如：He will come back in a week. 一周之后他會回來。My uncle left Beijing after 3 months. 三個月后我叔叔離開了北京。注意：在對“in+一段時間”這樣的短語提問時要用how soon. 如：He will be here in forty minutes. 他將在四十分鐘后到這兒。How soon will he be here? 他多久后能到這里？5People often mistake some man-made objects such as kites or balloons for UFOs.人們常常把一些人造的物體，諸如風(fēng)箏、氣球錯認為飛碟。mistake v. 弄錯，誤解，錯人。mistakefor把錯當(dāng)成如：I mistook you for my brother. 我把你錯認成了我的弟弟。She mistook the date and arrived two days earlier. 她弄錯了日期，早來了兩天。mistake可作用名詞，意為“錯誤，差錯”。如：She made several mistakes in her exercises. 她練習(xí)中出了好幾個錯。He took my pen by mistake. 他錯拿了我的鋼筆。6He woke up and saw his mother. 他醒來看見了他媽媽。（1）wake vi 意為“醒來”，常與up連用。如：I wake (up) at 6:00 a.m. every day. 我每天早上6：00醒來。（2）wake vt. 意為“喚醒，弄醒”。如：The noise woke him up. 那響聲把他吵醒了。He needs someone to wake him up. 他需要人叫醒他。Please wake me up at six next morning. 明天早晨6點鐘請把我叫醒。7We can use the Internet for finding jobs. 我們能用因特網(wǎng)找工作。usefor doing sth. 用來做。如：We use knives for cutting things. 我們用刀子切東西。8But we shouldnt spend too much time on the Internet.但我們不應(yīng)該在因特網(wǎng)上花費太多的時間。spend的主語經(jīng)常是人，用來表示花錢買東西或花費時間做某事。即：主語+spend+time/money+on sth./(in) doing sth. 如：I spend 5 yuan on the book. 我買這本書花了五元錢。The boy spent 10 minutes drawing a dog. 那男孩花了10分鐘畫了一只狗。鏈接：pay意為“支付，花費”。主語只能是人，且只用于花費金錢，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語（人）+pay+(sb.)+金錢+for sth.”意思為“為某物付給某人多少錢”。其中的人、錢、事可以根據(jù)具體情況取舍。如：I paid (him) 5 yuan. 我付（給他）五元錢。I paid (him) 5 yuan for the book. 我買那本書付給他五元錢。9The words in dictionaries are in alphabetical order. 字典中的單詞是以字母順序列出的。order在這里是名詞“整齊，順序，有條理”的意思。常與in連用。如：in the right (wrong) order整齊有序（零亂無章）in good order整齊in bad order不整齊。拓展：order作為名詞還有“命令”，“定購，定貨單”之意。如：This isnt an order. 這不是命令。May I take your order? 可以點菜了嗎？10When you look up a word in the dictionary, you must pay attention to the first letter of the word. 你查字典時，應(yīng)注意單詞的第一個字母。pay attention to 注意。如：You must pay attention to the teacher. 你應(yīng)該注意聽老師講課。Pay attention to what you are doing. 注意你正做的事。11When two words begin with the same letter, you have to look at the second letter to find the word.當(dāng)兩個單詞都是同一個字母開頭時，你就得從第二個字母來查找單詞。 begin with或start with 意為“以開始”。如：The concert began with a piano solo. 音樂會以一首鋼琴獨奏曲開始。The day began with rain. 天亮?xí)r下著雨。鏈接：end with意為“以結(jié)束”。12I think its helpful in studying English. 我認為它對于學(xué)英語方面很有幫助。be helpful in (doing) sth. 在某方面有幫助。如：Learning machines are helpful in improving foreign language study. 學(xué)習(xí)機在提高外語學(xué)習(xí)方面很有幫助。13I pressed the“ON”button but nothing happened. 我按了“開”的按鈕，但沒反應(yīng)。（1）press在這里是動詞“按，壓”的意思。如：press the button按按鈕。Dont press it. 別按它。（2）happen（=take place）v. 發(fā)生。如：How did the accident happen? 事故是怎么發(fā)生的？Whats happening over there? 那邊發(fā)生了什么事？If anything happens to him, let me know. 如果他發(fā)生什么事，請讓我知道。What happened to my clothes? 我衣服怎么啦？14Well, are you sure you plugged it in? 那么，你確信接通電源了嗎？plug in是一個動詞+副詞組成的動詞短語，表示“接通（電源），把（插頭）插進（插座）。”這種動、副結(jié)構(gòu)的短語的共同特點是：接名詞，名詞用于中間和后面均可；接代詞（賓格），只能把代詞（賓格）放于中間。如：Please plug the TV in. 請把電視接通電源。=Please plug in the TV.Please plug it in. （）請把它接通電源。Please plug in it. （）鏈接：英語中還有很多類似用法的短語，如：put on, take off, turn on/ down off, ring up, wake up四、練習(xí)、單項選擇1. Its _ to teach a man fishing than to give him fish.A. moreB. betterC. goodD. best2. I feel tired and sleepy.Why not stop_? A. to relaxB. relaxingC. restingD. to work3. My watch is broken. I want to know how to make it _.A. workB. to workC. walkD. to walk4. Today the forests have almost gone. People must _ down too many trees.A. stop from cuttingB. stop to cutC. be stopped from cuttingD. be stopped to cut5. In some places there are watch towers on the beaches to _ people about sharks in the water.A. preventB. allowC. warnD. advise6. She prefers to offer more money for a better TV set _ less for this one.A. rather than pay B. to payC. not to payD. to paying7. John asked David how _ Christmas.A. celebratingB. to celebrate C. to be celebrate D. celebrated8. He was _ sad at the bad news that he could hardly say a word.A. veryB. soC. tooD. much9. If we all make a contribution to _ the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.A. protectingB. protectedC. protectD. protects10. You look tired now. You _ stay at home and have a rest.A. had toB. had better C. would like to D. would rather11. Mary, would you like to visit the Science Museum with me? _, but surfing the net seems more interesting. A. Id love to B. Thats it C. Youre welcome D. No problem 12. John, will you please _the blackboard now? Its your duty. OK. A. not cleanB. not to clean C. to cleanD. clean13. I think drinking milk is good _our health.Yes. I agree _you. A. for; withB. to; withC. at; onD. in; with 14. Her radio is too loud, isnt it? Yes. Let me tell her_.A. to turn it up B. turn up itC. turn it down D. to turn it down 15. My grandfather wants _ around the world because he enjoys _ new places.A. traveling; seeing B. to travel; to see C. to travel; seeingD. traveling; to see、完型填空Mr. West was born in a small English town. His father had a _1_there. The shop keeper didnt think it was _2_for his son to go to school. So he taught him how to get _3_ money. They got much money there and then _4_to the city. Now Old West cant manage his shop and his son, Mr. West has to do it _5_him. As he has little knowledge, Mr. West is often _6_in public and sometimes he gets into trouble. So he _7_ a lot of books and shelves and put them in his sitting room so that the visitors can see them _8_ they go in. He often goes to the parties and carefully_9_what the learned（有學(xué)問的）men say. He hopes to make friends with them.Once Mr. West was told that it was a _10_ writers birthday that day. He hurried there with his wife. He gave the writer some_11_presents and the old man thanked him. After _12_they began to talk about the literary works. He could hardly answer any questions. The writer had to ask him_13_one, “What was Shakespeare?”“It was a kind of drink, ” answered Mr. West. “But people do not like it now. ”The writer had a smile and soon he stopped _14_. On their way home, his wife said, “You made a mistake just now. Shakespeare is a_15_ cake, like the Chinese moon cake!” 1. A. factoryB. shopC. cinemaD. park2. A. useful B. possible C. easyD. difficult 3. A. muchB. lessC. littleD. more 4. A. wentB. gotC. ranD. moved 5. A. withB. afterC. instead ofD. before6. A. helpedB. laughed atC. hurtD. beaten 7. A. borrowedB. madeC. boughtD. wrote 8. A. becauseB. ifC. thatD. as soon as9. A. listens toB. hearsC. looks atD. sees10. A. strangeB. kindC. foreignD. famous11. A. cheapB. expensiveC. uselessD. small12. A. dinnerB. schoolC. discussionD. class13. A. more difficultB. the most difficultC. easy D. the easiest14. A. to talkB. to answerC. talkingD. answering15. A. thinB. thickC. deliciousD. large、閱讀理解AMr. Jones went to a theatre to hear a famous singer sing popular songs. In front of him in the theatre was a man who made a lot of noise with this programme. And then he simply began to sing quietly with the man on the stage.Mr. Jones became so angry that he said quite loudly, “What a fool!” The man in front turned around. He had a big face, very black brow. He whispered angrily, “Are you talking about me?” “Oh, no!” answered Mr. Jones, suddenly feeling afraid. “I was talking about the man on the stage who was stopping me from hearing you clearly.”1. Mr. Jones liked to go to theatre to_.A. see films B. enjoy himself C. listen to popular songs D. play2. The man in front of him .A. enjoyed the singers singing very much B. didnt enjoy the actor but himselfC. thought of others more than himself D. thought of others more than Mr. Jones3. Mr. Jones said loudly, “What a fool!” Because he_.A. couldnt hear the singer well B. wanted to make fun of the manC. knew the man was a foolD. thought he was foolish to come to the theatre4. Hearing Mr. Jones words, the man_.A. felt sorry B. became quiet C. felt shy D. turned to Mr. Jones5. Mr. Jones suddenly felt afraid because _A. he knew he was wrong B. he was scoldedC. the mans face was frighteningD. he was a shy manBWilliam Shakespeare was a writer of plays and poems. Some of his most famous plays are Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth. He wrote thirty-seven plays in all. They are still popular today. He was born in 1564 in England. At school he liked watching plays. He decided to be an actor when he finished school at the age of fourteen. In 1582, he married a farmers daughter. She was eight years older than he was. Their first child was a daughter. Later they had twins. In 1585, Shakespeare left his hometown, Stratford-upon-Avon. His wife and child dram stayed behind. No one knows why he left or what he did between 1585 and 1592.At twenty-eight he moved to London and joined a theatre company which opened the Globe Theatre in 1599. He became an actor , and he also wrote plays. He usually acted in his own plays. He earned almost no money from his writing. But he made a lot of money from acting. With the money he bought a large house in his hometown.At the age of forty-nine , Shakespeare retired and went to live in Stratford-up-on-Avon. He died at the age of fifty-two. He left his money to his family. He left his genius to the world. You still see his plays in English and in many other languages. He is one of the most famous writers in the world.6. Shakespeare wrote many famous plays except_.A. Hamlet B. Macbeth C. Romeo and Juliet D. Man and Superman7. Shakespeare decided to be an actor in_.A. 1578 B. 1582C. 1599D. 16168. In 1585, Shakespeare left his hometown Stratford-upon-Avon_.A. with his wifeB. with his daughterC. with his wife and children D. alone9. Shakespeare got much money from_.A. writing B. plays C. acting D. retirement10. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Shakespeare