考研英語(yǔ)寫作必背素材.docx

第二部分精選必背作文素材第一節(jié)：九大原則詞匯12一、金錢原則詞匯資產(chǎn)asset v. 浪費(fèi)be extravagant預(yù)算budget n.消費(fèi)品consumer goods貴重的costly a. 存錢deposit vt.經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)economic burden經(jīng)濟(jì)困難economic difficulty花費(fèi)expend vt.奢侈的extravagant a. 資助finance n. 接受某人的資助經(jīng)濟(jì)資助finance aid給某人經(jīng)濟(jì)資助資金緊張finance strain某部門資金緊張政府稅收government revenue 醫(yī)療保健 healthcare政府的醫(yī)療保健無(wú)家可歸 homeless饑餓 hunger n.收入income n.保險(xiǎn) insurance n. 投資invest v. 失業(yè)者 jobless n.下崗工人laid-off worker濫用 lavish v. 有限的公共資金limited public funds賺錢的 lucrative a. 豪華的 luxurious a. 揮霍money-consuming a.拜金主義的 money-oriented a.必需品 necessity n.貧困的needy a.透支 overdraft v. 抵押 pawn v. 財(cái)產(chǎn) property 節(jié)約緊縮開支retrench vi. 贏利的 profitable a. 津貼 subsidize v. 納稅人 taxpayer福利welfare二、健康原則詞匯有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)aerobic exercise平衡飲食 balanced diet 有害健康的be physically damaging過(guò)于肥胖的 bloated致癌的 cancer-causing 食肉類的carnivorous adj 慢性的 chronic 方便食品convenience food治愈 cure頭昏眼花的dizzy 危及endanger vt精力充沛的energeticadj. 傳染病epidemics根除 eradicate vt.使惡化 exasperate vt.過(guò)量攝入 excessive intake排氣exhaust疲勞 fatiguen.高脂肪高熱量 high fat and calorie免疫的 immune絕癥 incurable disease消化不良 indigestion懶惰的 indolent adj.傳染病 infectious disease失眠癥 insomnia n. 垃圾食品 junk food 慢跑 jog預(yù)期壽命 life expectancy減肥 lose weight疾病 malady營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良malnutrition醫(yī)學(xué)的 medical 近視 near-sighted 營(yíng)養(yǎng)品nourishment n. 器官移植organ transplant超重overweight預(yù)防 prevention治療 treatment 腫瘤tumor提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)nourish卡路里calorie 饑餓starvation 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良malnutrition三、智力原則詞匯表達(dá)能力 ability of expression洞察力acumen熟練的adept賞識(shí)appreciate vt.評(píng)價(jià)assessment n. 智力brains n 發(fā)揮才干bring into the talents證書certificate n. 創(chuàng)造性的creative adj 培養(yǎng)cultivate vt.識(shí)別力discernment n. 天資endowment n. 開發(fā)explore vt.幻想的 fantastic adj.理想主義 idealism n. 個(gè)性 individuality n.天賦inherence n. 本能的 instinctive adj. 智商 intelligence quotient 有文化 literacy掌握 master vt.值得稱贊的品質(zhì) merit n.激情 passion n.觀點(diǎn) perspective n. 充分發(fā)揮put into great play 素質(zhì)教育 quality education 荒謬的ridiculous adj.生存能力 survival ability依賴科技的 technology-dependent adj.遠(yuǎn)程教育 tele-education n. 思維模式thinking pattern智慧 wit n. 四、文化原則詞匯傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代巧妙結(jié)合a clever blend of traditional and modern同一的世界文化 a homogenous world culture歸屬感a sense of belonging土著文化aboriginal culture吸取精華 absorb the quintessence吸收absorb美學(xué)價(jià)值 aesthetic祖先ancestor古代的ancient人類學(xué)家anthropologists 陳舊觀念antiquated idea藝術(shù)價(jià)值 artistic value同化assimilate vt.豐富的 be abundant adj.傳遞 be passed down 燦爛光輝的文化 brilliant and gorgeous culture發(fā)揚(yáng)光大carry forward 著名的 celebrated 特有的 characteristic adj文明的civilized adj.凝聚力 cohesion n.文化搖籃cradle of culture培養(yǎng)cultivate vt.文化習(xí)慣cultural habit文化遺產(chǎn)cultural heritage文化特性cultural identity 文化古跡cultural objects and historic relics文化、精神和學(xué)術(shù)生活cultural, spiritual, and intellectual life狂熱的崇拜cultn.破壞devastate vt.知識(shí)的傳播 diffusion n.多樣性 diversity n.民族文化特色 ethnic and cultural identity節(jié)日氣氛f(shuō)estivity n.民間藝術(shù)folk art文化全球一體化globalization of culture博大精深great and profound手工藝handicraft n.歷史文物historic relics文盲illiteracy不朽的immortaladj.正流行in vogue根深蒂固的看法 ingrain notion繼承 inherit n.有意義的 instructive adj.少數(shù)民族 minority n.民族特性 national identity民族自豪感 national pride思想開放open-minded adj.不流行了的out of fashion外來(lái)影響outside influence通俗的popular adj.寶貴的preciousadj.取其精華去其糟粕 reject the dross and assimilate the essence表現(xiàn)、象征 represent vt.保護(hù)retention n.社會(huì)學(xué)sociology n.壯麗的splendid adj.時(shí)髦的stylish adj.表面的superficial adj.傳統(tǒng)文化教育 traditional cultural education 以為驕傲take pride in種族傳統(tǒng)tribal traditions多樣性varietyn.五、道德原則詞匯虐待abuse,好斗的aggressive adj.自私自利的人an egocentric person易受社會(huì)惡習(xí)的侵蝕 be prone to social ills 虐待兒童child abuse家庭暴力domestic violence有深遠(yuǎn)的影響 have a tremendous impact無(wú)知ignorance不成熟的immature adj.干涉intervention n.青少年的 juvenile adj.松散的紀(jì)律lax discipline引入歧途的misleading adj.天真的naive負(fù)面的影響negative role model不恰當(dāng)?shù)牟牧蟧ffensive material家長(zhǎng)的過(guò)分寬容parental permissiveness 犯罪perpetrate不正當(dāng)?shù)膒erverted adj.恰當(dāng)?shù)闹敢?proper guidance 合理化 rationalization抵擋住誘惑 resist the temptation危險(xiǎn)的行為 risky behaviors行為榜樣role model單親家庭 single-parent family 寵壞的 spoiled adj.密切家庭感情strengthening the family ties把虛幻當(dāng)現(xiàn)實(shí) take fantasy for reality 撫養(yǎng)upbringing受害者victim n. 粗俗的vulgar adj.掃除文盲wipe out illiteracy六、感情原則詞匯充滿深情的affectionate adj.憂慮anxiety n.孤獨(dú)apartness n,愉快的cheerfuladj.性格相似的congenialadj.令人絕望的desperate adj.缺乏自信的diffident adj.行為古怪的人eccentric adj.情緒 emotion n.熱情 enthusiasm n.忠實(shí)的faithfuladj.鼓勵(lì) foster vt.友好的friendly adj.失敗的frustrated隔閡 gap n.和諧的harmonious adj.懷有希望的hopeful adj.忽視ignorevt.虐待 ill-treat vt.自卑的inferior adj.內(nèi)向的introvertedadj.誤會(huì) misunderstanding n.樂(lè)觀者optimist n.悲觀的pessimistic adj.反叛的 rebellious adj.浪漫的romantic adj.誠(chéng)摯 sincerity n.緊張的strained adj.充耳不聞turn a deaf ear不愛(ài)交際的unsociable adj.熱心的warm-hearted adj.憂慮 worry n.七、權(quán)利原則詞匯指責(zé) accuse vt.禁止 ban vt./n.公然侵犯brazen encroachment公正的candidadj.集體主義collectivism n.秘密的 confidential adj.消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì) consumers association版權(quán) copyright n.視為權(quán)利demand as ones due確立 establishment n.被迫 force vt.合理的 legality adj.限制 limit n./vt.壓力 pressure n.隱私 privacy n.正直的 righteous adj.性別歧視sexual discriminations社會(huì)保障制度social security 強(qiáng)制的compulsory adj.八、時(shí)間原則詞匯浪費(fèi)時(shí)間a great waste of time效率 efficiency n.沉湎于indulge in沉迷于be obsessed with消磨時(shí)光pass time自控 self-control n.自律 self-discipline擠時(shí)間squeeze time占用take up上癮 be addicted to九、環(huán)保原則詞匯大氣污染atmospheric pollution被耗盡be exhausted美化beautification n.污穢的begrimed adj.化學(xué)物質(zhì)chemical substances條件 condition n.保護(hù) conserve vt.沙漠化desertification使惡化deterioratevt.滅絕die out n.一次性產(chǎn)品disposable products持久的,耐用的durable adj.生態(tài)平衡 ecological balance生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecological system排放 emit vt.瀕臨滅絕的物種 endangered species能源短缺energy shortage環(huán)保的environmentalist n.使加劇exacerbate vt.風(fēng)景 landscape n.城市垃圾municipal refuse城市污水municipal sewage噪聲污染noise pollution盡可能改善工作環(huán)境 optimize the environment農(nóng)藥 pesticide有毒的poisonous污染物pollutant n.毀滅 ruin v. 水土流失soil erosion土壤污染soil pollution廢氣 waste gas廢水 waste water水體污染water body pollution使變得更壞worsen v. 第二節(jié)：生活話題分類詞匯一、圖表寫作常用詞匯表格圖 table；圖表 chart；diagram graph column 描述：show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent數(shù)字 figure; 數(shù)據(jù) statistic; 百分比 percentage; 比 例 proportion一般 have 10%; at 20%; over 40%在面積上 in area最高 peaks; reached a peak/high point最低bottomed out; reached the bottom變化 increase; jump; rise; climb; decrease; fall; drop; decline; reduce; fluctuate; remain; steady; stable; stay; same程 度sudden/suddenly;rapid/rapidly; dramatic/dramatically; significant/significantly;sharp/sharply; steep/steeply; gradual/gradually;slow/slowly; slight/slightly;stable/stably; almost; nearly; approximately; exactly; precisely；increase by /decrease by (寫出變化幅度) 合計(jì) 200 美元add up to $200 總數(shù)達(dá)：add up to占世界總?cè)藬?shù)的 20% make up 20% of從增加到rose/grew/climbed fromto增加到grew up to增至最高峰：Rise to a high of減少到decrease to 跌至最低谷：drop to a low of大幅度增長(zhǎng)increase sharply 飛速：rapidly；sharply；steeply高居榜首Top the list/head the chart餅狀圖/圓形圖（pie chart）穩(wěn)固下降 steady decline由組成：consist of/be made up of /be composed of占 44%比例：account for /make up 44 percent位居第一：rank the first 僅次于 is second to居第二位：in second spot倒數(shù)第一 is the last one 第二大部份 rank the second/the second largest section 與.相比：compared withA 與 B 成比例 A be in proportion to B 差不多：About/around/roughly 多達(dá)as many as正好：Exactly/precisely 水平 level off遞增：on the rise/increase/grow/rise/climb/go up急劇上升: grow sharply; 遞減：on the decline/decrease/fall/reduce/go down 曲線圖（graph/chart/diagram）柱狀圖（bar chart）增加：increase/grow/rise/climb/go up減少：decrease/decline/fall/reduce/go down 劇烈/顯著/大幅度: sharply /dramatically/significantly / rapidly/considerably / enormously/ profoundly/substantially平穩(wěn)/逐漸：steadily / gradually / slightly 持續(xù)上升/下降：on an increase / on the decline保持不變：remain stable / remain steady / remain unchanged上升后變得平穩(wěn)：reach a plateau 達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)/低谷：reach the top/peak / fall to the bottom波動(dòng)：fluctuate /rise and fall 達(dá)到了：reach / approach / add up to / amount to / increase to /decrease to某年發(fā)生的變化:1998 saw/ witnessed a sharp increase in.是 1998年的2倍：was twice as many as that in 1998從圖表上看：From these graphs 得到結(jié)論：draw a conclusion 二、關(guān)于生活體驗(yàn)等（?？迹貏e重要）1.產(chǎn)品科技含量technological element of product2.大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)university students innovative undertaking 3.雙贏局面win-win situation4.首創(chuàng)精神pioneering spirit5.振興中華make China powerful and strong;6.富裕affluence7.繁榮boom8.購(gòu)買力buying power9.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)competition 10.生活費(fèi)用cost of living11.解決問(wèn)題crack the nuts12. 大家公認(rèn)it is universally acknowledged that13. 全力以赴bring ones talent into full play 14.適應(yīng)新的形勢(shì)變化adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change15.獲得成功achieve/accomplish success16.提出觀點(diǎn) advance/put forward/come up with arguments/ideas17.較好地駕馭生活 be a better pilot of ones life 18.對(duì)很好的了解have a better understanding of19.把某種因素考慮進(jìn)去 take sth. into account/consideration;20. give much thought to 21.品味人生/自由/青春 savor the life/freedom/youth22.交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge23.發(fā)揮,起到積極作用 play an important/active/great role/part24.面臨困難危險(xiǎn) be confronted with danger/difficulty; in theface of25.阻礙了成功stand in the way of success; be an obstacle/barrier to26.縮小差別narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)27.把成功/錯(cuò)誤歸因于attribute/owe ones success/failure to28.對(duì)重要be vital/important/indispensable to29.施加壓力exert/put pressure on30.重視attach/assign much importance/significance to31.把注意力集中在focus/concentrate ones attention/efforts upon32.抓住機(jī)會(huì)grab/seize/take the opportunity33.有可能there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that34.獻(xiàn)身于 devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career35.真正重要的是what really matters/counts is36.影響思想，態(tài)度shape ones thinking/attitude37.實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的理想/愿望 realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream/hope;38.減輕壓力,緊張 reduce/alleviate the stress/pressure39.提高社會(huì)地位upgrade social status; enhance social position40.加快,促進(jìn)發(fā)展 accelerate/advance/enhance the development41.隨著生活節(jié)奏的加快 with the quickening pace of modern life42.充滿激情 have a burning desire for43.充滿渴望 have a great passion for44. 沮喪的 gloomy; 客觀的 objective; 主觀的 subjective45. 樂(lè)觀的 optimistic ;悲觀的 pessimistic;46. 怨恨的 resentful ;可敬的 respectable47. 深遠(yuǎn)的影響far-reaching consequences48. 以其最強(qiáng)有力的形式in its strongest form49. 掙錢養(yǎng)活自己earn ones living50. 贍養(yǎng)父母support ones parents51. 普遍現(xiàn)象common phenomenon52. 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)modern society 53. 相互對(duì)立in opposition to each other54. 不管no matter how 55.如何對(duì)待財(cái)富與幸福 how to approach wealth and happiness?56.一個(gè)更美好更光明的未來(lái)a much better and brighter future57.從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)draw useful lessons from58.喪失信心并退卻了lose heart and give in59.人民對(duì)待的看法截然不同people are quite differentfrom each other in their opinions on60.無(wú)可否認(rèn)there is no denying the fact that61.賞識(shí)他的非凡的能力appreciate his exceptional ability62.人才招聘會(huì)job-hunting63.大勢(shì)所趨the wave of the future64.一時(shí)沖動(dòng)an impulse activity 65.體力勞動(dòng)physical labor66.靈活的 flexible67.充分發(fā)揮的積極性bring ones initiative into full play三、關(guān)于教育的詞匯（非常重要）1.入學(xué)enter； entrance 2.登記；注冊(cè)become a member of； to enroll； enrollment；register； registration 3.錄取admission； be admitted to； accept 4.獲取進(jìn)一步教育obtain further education5.要求；錄取條件 requirements6.錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)admission standards7.學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)academic record； academic achievements 8.索要申請(qǐng)材料request for application material9.教育目標(biāo)educational goals10.文憑 diploma 11. 學(xué)位degree 12.教育體制educational system13.學(xué)前教育 pre-school education14.小學(xué) primary schools；elementary schools 15.中學(xué) middle schools； high schools 16.初中 junior middle school； junior high school 17.高中senior middle school； senior high school 18.職業(yè)學(xué)校;技術(shù)學(xué)校 vocational schools ; technical schools 19.大學(xué)；學(xué)院 colleges；universities； institutes 20.同樣地；類似地 likewise； similarly；in the same way21.與相似; 與一致; 和等同 be the same as；correspond to； agree with； resemble； be equivalent to 22.相反;與不同;相比而言;另一方面;不過(guò) in contrast；by contrast with/to; on the other hand; on the contrary; by comparison23.與不同 different from24.不同之處；差別；差異；區(qū)別 distinction； dissimilarity；25.尖端科學(xué) advanced science26.一流的設(shè)施 first-rate facilities27.擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面 broaden ones scope of knowledge28.人生觀outlook on life 29.體驗(yàn)新文化experience a new culture30.優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)strengths and weakness31.高素質(zhì)、有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師 highly qualified, well experienced teaching staffs32.多文化 multicultural 33.脫穎而出stand out from the crowd 34.核心能力core competencies35.獨(dú)立思考 think independently 36.挑戰(zhàn)challenge 37.機(jī)遇 opportunities 38.開闊視野expand your horizons39.與人交往 integrate with other people40.人際交往能力 interpersonal skill41.建設(shè)性constructive 42.前景 prospects 43.國(guó)際聲譽(yù)world class reputation 44.發(fā)揮學(xué)習(xí)潛能reach his or her full learning potential45.素質(zhì)教育education for all-round development46.知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)intellectual property rights47. 失學(xué)兒童dropout student48. 掃盲eliminate illiteracy 49. 人才外流brain drain50. 復(fù)合型人才inter-disciplinary talent51. 教書育人impart knowledge and educate people52. 精神文明建設(shè)promote cultural and ideological progress53. 科教興國(guó) rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation54.因材施教teach students according to their aptitude55. 義務(wù)教育compulsory education56. 知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)knowledge-based economy 57. 豐富生活enrich our life58. 擴(kuò)大視野broaden my horizon59.接觸各種思想be exposed to new ideas/experience60.產(chǎn)生影響 have/exert a profound influence on life/personality;61.have a dramatic/undesirable effect on62.開闊眼界broaden ones outlook; expand ones mental horizons63.充分發(fā)揮能力 give full play to ones ability64.論題，主題：themes65. 大學(xué)畢業(yè)生university graduates66. 兒童教育child education67. 熱門話題hot topic 68. 教育專家educational expert69.保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)protect intellectual property 70.成人教育和職業(yè)教育 adult education and vocational education71.文化素質(zhì)cultural qualities72.推動(dòng)give a push to 73.促進(jìn)進(jìn)步promote progress 74.概念concept75.改進(jìn)教和學(xué)improve teaching and learning 76.按分?jǐn)?shù)according to the grades77.培養(yǎng) train, cultivate78.地區(qū)性的regional79.讀寫困難difficulties for employment80.就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)opportunities for employment 81.受過(guò)良好教育well-educated82.遺憾的是it is a pity that83.造成了困難cause some difficulties84.希望工程 Hope Project85.青年志愿者Young Volunteers86.有用的知識(shí)useful knowledge 87.創(chuàng)新innovation88.分析的技巧analytical skill四、關(guān)于住房、生活條件等的詞匯1.生活條件living conditions2.歸因于be attributed to 3.提高的能力enhance the ability to4.生活水平living standard5.刺激人們對(duì)的渴望 stimulate peoples desire for6.制定政策 formulate policies7.向提供貸款 grant loans to 8.為撥出大量資金 allocate huge funds for9.象征 serve as a symbol of 10.改進(jìn)生活 better ones life11.隨著物價(jià)和房租迅速上升with the prices and house rentsincreasing rapidly 12.高層建筑high buildings 13.涌入城市 rush into the city 14.前景不容樂(lè)觀 the condition is still far from being satisfactory 15.當(dāng)務(wù)之急是 it is urgent for us to 16.開拓地下空間open up underground housing area 17.住房問(wèn)題 housing problem18.公寓 flat19.買房 buy accommodation 20.首付 down payment21.院子 yard 22.選擇合適的房址 choose a proper location23.當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駆ocal residents 24.當(dāng)?shù)卣甽ocal authorities25. 計(jì)劃生育 birth control26. 脫貧致富 shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 27.突圍困難make breakthrough out of difficulty28.許多問(wèn)題a host of/a multitude of problems 29.引起人們的注意attract general/public attention to something.30.意識(shí)到 there is a growing awareness that; 31. 隨著物價(jià)和房租迅速上升 with the prices and house rents increasing rapidly 32.人均收入迅速提高 average personal income increase rapidly33. 人口的出生率已經(jīng)大大下降 there has been a great decline in birth rates34. 人民生活改善 the improvement in peoples living conditions 35. 改革開放政策the reform and opening-up policy 36. 國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)正在迅速發(fā)展 there has been a rapid expansion ofnational economy 37.出生率已得到控制 the birth rate has been put on the control 38. 對(duì)的生存造成顯著的威脅cause the most significantthreat to the survival of 39. 日益增長(zhǎng)的需求ever-increasing demand40.滿足人民日益增長(zhǎng)的需求meet the growing needs of people 41.死亡率/出生率death rates; birth rates42.醫(yī)療保健的改革the improvement in medical care43.假冒偽劣商品fake and inferior products 44.多余的redundant45.難以抗拒的irresistibly 46.房地產(chǎn)real estates 47.刺激spur 48.動(dòng)搖信心shatter confidence49.大城市metropolis50.空調(diào)air-conditioning; air-conditioner;(空調(diào)機(jī))51.遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)far surpass52.左右為難dilemma53.代價(jià)太高h(yuǎn)igh cost54.與日俱增increase every day 55.生活質(zhì)量the quality of life56.偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)remote areas57.高層建筑high-rising building 58.住房建設(shè)housing construction 59.從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的觀點(diǎn)看in the long run60.境況 circumstance61.必然結(jié)論inevitable conclusion62.廣大農(nóng)村vast rural areas63.推廣spread64.把應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)applyto production65.溫飽問(wèn)題 the peoples basic need for food and clothing66.消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)consumer association 67.小康生活living a relatively comfortable life68.不容忽視cannot be ignored69.生活環(huán)境變得衛(wèi)生living environment become sanitary五、關(guān)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的詞匯1. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)the Internet violence 2.對(duì)著迷，為所困擾3.網(wǎng)戀cyber romance4. 對(duì)表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣 to display much interest in5.引起人們的興趣和注意 toarouse peoples interestand concern 6.找出的原因to trace the reason for.7.由于 thanks to (好的方面) due to（不好的方面）8.高度的壓力high pressure 9. 被剝奪be obsessed with10.在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中in real life 11.愛(ài)上某人to fall in love with sb.12.虛幻的世界unreal world 13. 嘗試新事物to try new things14.說(shuō)謊to tell lies 15.形成正確態(tài)度develo