2017年濰坊市外研版中考英語復(fù)習(xí)專題六：閱讀表達(dá).doc

閱讀表達(dá)是近幾年出現(xiàn)的新題型，要求學(xué)生閱讀短文并完成所給題目。此題難度較大，不僅考查學(xué)生的閱讀能力，即語言輸入能力，還考查建立在理解文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上的學(xué)生的語言輸出能力，即書面表達(dá)能力。考點(diǎn)2016201520142013主旨概括句子填空翻譯句子封閉性問題開放性問題從近四年的濰坊中考英語試題來看，閱讀表達(dá)題一般有5個題，每小題2分，主要考查學(xué)生對書面信息進(jìn)行分析、概括、整理并根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行運(yùn)用的能力，其長度與傳統(tǒng)的閱讀短文相近。文章層次性強(qiáng)，給學(xué)生一個發(fā)揮的空間。該題主要有以下幾種類型：主旨概括、句子填空、翻譯句子、英文釋義、開放性問題及其他類型。考查的要點(diǎn)主要有：1. 掌握短文的主旨和大意并能概括文章大意；2. 了解闡述主旨的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)；3. 了解詞語和句子的深層含義；4. 根據(jù)短文進(jìn)行判斷和推理。近幾年?？嫉膸讉€題型有：主旨概括題，包括給文章擬一個合適的標(biāo)題；翻譯句子題，這是必考題型，濰坊連續(xù)四年都有這個題型；封閉性問題和開放性問題，這也是必考題型，而且近幾年加大了對開放性問題的考查力度，開放性問題也必然成為今后中考命題的一個趨勢。 1. 對于主旨概括題，要通讀全文，分清主旨與細(xì)節(jié)，防止以偏概全。這類題目很多時候要求給出文章的標(biāo)題。文章的標(biāo)題可以是完整的句子、簡潔的短語，也可以是一個問題。書寫時要特別注意字母的大小寫和詞數(shù)問題。標(biāo)題可以全部用大寫；可以實(shí)詞第一個字母大寫、虛詞第一個字母小寫；也可以第一個字母大寫，其余除專有名詞外全部用小寫。如果是個疑問句，可以在標(biāo)題后加問號，但如果是陳述句，則不必加句點(diǎn)。 2. 對于句子填空題，要充分利用文章中表示對比、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、遞進(jìn)、條件等關(guān)系的連接詞，結(jié)合上下文語境，來搞清楚需要填的究竟是什么含義的句子。 3. 做翻譯句子題時，一定要使句子意思切合語境，表達(dá)簡潔、準(zhǔn)確、到位，符合語言習(xí)慣。 4. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題時，無論是封閉性的問題還是開放性的問題，都要表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，尤其句子結(jié)構(gòu)要準(zhǔn)確無誤。所寫答語可以是完整的句子，也可以簡略回答。要注意書寫認(rèn)真，卷面整潔。 5. 英文釋義題，也可稱為句子替代或者詞匯替代題，要求從文章中找出與所給的句子或詞匯含義相同的句子或詞匯。一般讀懂了文章，弄清了所給句子和文中相應(yīng)句子的意思即可答出，該題在閱讀表達(dá)中相對簡單。(2016山東濰坊)閱讀下面的短文，并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題。Dear Sir or Madam, Im writing to complain(投訴) about the Personal Robot, Model Z4, which I bought several months ago. The machine has been giving me all kinds of problems. Here are two: The robot is supposed to do all kinds of housework, but sometimes it refuses. When I ask it to clean the house or take out the rubbish, it usually replies:“Z4 is too busy. ” or “Z4 is tired. ” Last night I invited my boss and his wife for dinner at my home. The robot served the meal perfectly. But then it turned to my guests and told my boss that his tie was ugly and his wifes jewellery(珠寶) was not real. Model Z4 has put me in several very embarrassing(令人尷尬的) situations like this.The problem is that this robot has a mind of its own. Now I have no wish to keep it. I would like to return the robot and get my money back. Please let me know how I can do this. I look forward to hearing from you. Very truly yours, Julie MorrisDear Ms Morris, Your complaint about Z4 has come to us. Weve never had any problems with this specific model before. Z4 is very smart and sensible. Your robot may be acting negatively(消極地) to draw attention to himself. Z4 doesnt accept being treated like a machine. May I suggest that you try and discuss your relationship with him?Failing that, we would be happy to send one of our scientists to talk to Z4 to solve the problem. Sincerely, K31. Whats Julies purpose in complaining about the robot?(根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題)2. Please list two problems that the robot has given to Julie with two sentences. (no more than 10 words per sentence)(請列舉顧客投訴機(jī)器人的兩個問題，每句不多于10詞)3. Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. (請將文中畫線句子翻譯成漢語)4. Complete the statement using a word from the text according to K3s reply. (請從回信中找出一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，填入下句空白處)The between Julie and Robot Z4 is so important that K3 would like to send someone to help if necessary. 5. What will you do to get on well with him if you have a robot like Z4?(請寫出兩個英語句子，不得重復(fù)文中內(nèi)容)【答案】1. She wants to return the robot and get her money back. 2. (1)Sometimes it refuses to do the housework. (2)It has put me in several very embarrassing situations. 3. 問題是這個機(jī)器人很有主見/會自己拿主意/能自己作決定/有自己的想法。4. relationship5. (1)I will play chess with him. (2)I will say thank you to him when he does the housework. (一)(2016北京)閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。A 108-year-old Message in a Bottle On November 30，1906，George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor，and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days. Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside，but didnt break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old，so she didnt want to damage it. Finally she got the piece of paper out of the bottle. She found that the paper was actually a postcard. On the back of the card was this message：The Marine Biological Association (海洋生物學(xué)協(xié)會) would pay a shilling (先令) for the bottle. A shilling was a unit of money that was used in Great Britain before the early 1970s. Winkler filled out the card and posted it. The association was surprised to get a postcard addressed to George Bidder，the president of the association from 1939 to 1945. The workers of the association searched on the Internet to find a shilling. They found one and sent it to Winkler as a reward. The message in the bottle was the oldest ever re-discovered. For this reason Marianne Winkler got a place in“Guinness World Records” (吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄). She broke the record for the oldest message in a bottle. Winklers bottle was not the only one Bidder sent to sea. Between 1904 and 1906，he sent away more than one thousand bottles. He placed postcards inside them. The bottles were part of a research project to map currents (洋流) in the North Sea. This was the best method at that time. But whether the association could get the bottles back depended on the people who found them. The association reported that about 55 percent of the bottles were returned. They added that the experiment was a success as it showed the east-to-west flow of the North Seas currents. 短文大意：1906年11月30日，喬治比德將一個瓶子扔進(jìn)北海。在時隔108年138天后的2015年，瑪麗安溫克勒發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個瓶子。她看到里面有一張紙，實(shí)際上是一張明信片。1904年至1906年，為了繪制北海洋流研究工程，比德曾扔出一千多個瓶子。1. How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?For 108 years and 138 days. 由第一段最后一句中的and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days (然后它慢慢地移動了108年138天) 可知答案。2. Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015?Yes，she did. 由第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. (當(dāng)瑪麗安溫克勒2015年發(fā)現(xiàn)這個瓶子時，它的旅程結(jié)束了。) 可知，是瑪麗安溫克勒在2015年發(fā)現(xiàn)的這個瓶子。3. What was in the bottle?A piece of paper which was actually a postcard. 由第二段中的She saw a piece of paper inside (她看到里面有一張紙) 和第三段中的She found that the paper was actually a postcard. (她發(fā)現(xiàn)那張紙實(shí)際上是一張明信片。) 可知答案。4. Who was George Bidder?The president of the Marine Biological Association from 1939 to 1945. 在第四段第二句中，the president of the association from 1939 to 1945作George Bidder的同位語。因此，喬治比德是1939年至1945年海洋生物學(xué)協(xié)會的會長。5. Why did Bidder drop bottles into the sea?Because the bottles were part of a research project to map currents in the North Sea. 由最后一段中的The bottles were part of a research project to map currents in the North Sea. (這些瓶子是繪制北海洋流研究工程的一部分。) 可知答案。(二)(2016重慶)閱讀下文并回答問題。 Recently, Chongqing Three Gorges University has held an activity named “Cell Phone Ninja” (手機(jī)忍者). They would like their students not to use cell phones for 21 days. It is really a challenge (挑戰(zhàn)) for most students. The activity started on April 12. Each student who volunteered to take part in this activity got a bracelet (手環(huán)). If the students did not use their cell phones，there would be a photo on the screen of the bracelet to show that. If they used their cell phones，a different photo would appear on the screen of the bracelet. After the last class of each day，the students sent the photos to the schools public WeChat. More than 800 students wished to take part in the test，and 400 were chosen. After seven days，only 103 students remained. The test was set for 21 days because some scientists believe that 21 days is long enough to help people form (形成) a habit. According to the teachers in the university，the activity was not a competition. It depended on students themselves to make the decision. The teachers hoped their students could form better study habits through activities like this one. 短文大意：最近，重慶三峽學(xué)院舉辦了“手機(jī)忍者”的活動?；顒拥囊笫窃?1天的時間里學(xué)生不用手機(jī)，這項(xiàng)活動的成敗取決于學(xué)生的選擇。老師希望通過這樣的活動，幫助學(xué)生養(yǎng)成更好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。1. When did the activity “Cell Phone Ninja” start?It started on April 12. 由第二段第一句The activity started on April 12. 可知，“手機(jī)忍者”這個活動是在4月12日開始的。2. Were 400 students chosen to take part in this test?Yes，they were. 由第三段第一句More than 800 students wished to take part in the test，and 400 were chosen. (800多名學(xué)生希望參加這個測試，有400名學(xué)生被選中。) 可知，此題應(yīng)該作肯定回答。3. Why was the test set for 21 days?Because (some scientists believe that) 21 days is long enough to help people form a habit. 由第三段中The test was set for 21 days because some scientists believe that 21 days is long enough to help people form a habit. 可知，這項(xiàng)測試安排21天是因?yàn)橐恍┛茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為21天的時間足夠長，能幫助人形成一種習(xí)慣。4. What was the bracelet used for in this test?It was used for showing/to show whether the students used the cell phone(s) or not. 由第二段中If the students did not use their cell phones，there would be a photo on the screen of the bracelet to show that. If they used their cell phones，a different photo would appear on the screen of the bracelet. (如果學(xué)生不用手機(jī)，一張照片將會在手環(huán)的屏幕上顯示出來。如果他們用手機(jī)，一張不同的照片將會顯示在手環(huán)的屏幕上。) 可知，在這項(xiàng)測試中，手環(huán)用來顯示學(xué)生是否使用手機(jī)。(三)(2016安徽，E)閱讀下面短文，并用英語回答問題 (請注意每小題后面的詞數(shù)要求)。 Rock climbing is a popular hobby that many people enjoy doing. You can do it indoors on special walls or outdoors on real mountains. There are many advantages of rock climbingit is fun and it also helps people forget worries. The most important equipment (裝備) to have is good shoes. They need to be half a size smaller than your usual size. The next thing you need is a harness (保護(hù)帶). This allows you to move freely，but will hold you up if you fall. Its important to know how to use your equipment. If you are a beginner，its best to have lessons. A climber with experience can help you a lot in the beginning. Rock climbing is very exciting for people of different ages. Climbers，however，must be careful not to pollute the environment. Sometimes rock climbers leave rubbish on the mountains where they climb. They should take it with them and throw it away. This will allow future climbers to enjoy a clean environment. 短文大意：你可以在室內(nèi)或戶外攀巖，攀巖很有趣，也幫助人們忘卻煩惱。攀巖最重要的裝備是質(zhì)量好的鞋子，你需要的另一件東西是保護(hù)帶，你要學(xué)會如何使用它們。攀登者必須保護(hù)環(huán)境，將制造的垃圾清理干凈。1. What advantages does rock climbing have? (不超過10個詞) It is fun and it also helps people forget worries. 題干句意：攀巖有什么好處？由第一段最后一句可知，攀巖很有趣，還幫助人們忘卻煩惱。2. What equipment does a climber need? (不超過10個詞) Good shoes and a harness. 題干句意：攀登者需要什么裝備？由第二段中的第一句The most important equipment to have is good shoes. 和第三句The next thing you need is a harness. 可知，攀登者需要質(zhì)量好的鞋子與保護(hù)帶。3. How can climbers help protect the environment while climbing?(不超過15個詞)They should take the rubbish with them and throw it away. 題干句意：攀登者攀巖時可以怎樣幫助保護(hù)環(huán)境？由文章倒數(shù)第二句可知，他們應(yīng)該將垃圾帶走并扔掉。(四)(2016山西，B)閱讀下面圖文，簡要回答所給問題。 According to new research，recently，some terrible events that teachers were abused (辱罵) on some websites by students happened in the UK. It had a bad influence on schools and the society. The British Teaching Union did a survey of 7, 500 teachers. We can get some information from the following data(數(shù)據(jù)) and know how the teachers who were abused dealt with the problem. You know teachers are often destroyed by the terrible abuse. Some have lost their confidence to teach and have left school. The survey showed many of the bad comments related to teachers looks，abilities and behaviors. Weve got another data from it. It shows the bad comments were made by not only students but their parents. Please look at the following chart. It is clear that we should take some methods to protect teachers from the abuse. We think that the way to solve the problem is the better understanding among teachers，students and parents. Besides good communication，respecting(尊敬) each other is very important. If so，they can get on well with each other. 短文大意：本文根據(jù)發(fā)生在英國的網(wǎng)上辱罵老師事件的調(diào)查結(jié)果，闡述了辱罵老師帶來的影響以及解決該類事件的方法。1. What result did these terrible events lead to according to the passage?It had a bad influence on schools and the society. /Teachers were often destroyed by the terrible abuse. /Some teachers lost their confidence to teach and left school. 由短文第一段中的It had a bad influence on schools and the society. 及第二段中的You know teachers are often destroyed by the terrible abuse. Some have lost their confidence to teach and have left school. 可知答案。2. From Chart One，how did 50% of the teachers deal with the abuse?They reported (the) abuse to the school，the police or the website. /They reported it to the school，the police or the website. 參與調(diào)查的老師一共是7 500名，50%的話是3 750名，對應(yīng)的是圖表中最左邊的標(biāo)有3，750的柱狀圖，由該柱狀圖的信息可知，50%的老師會把辱罵老師事件報(bào)告給學(xué)校、警察或網(wǎng)站。3. What percent of the bad comments were made by parents in total?36%. /Thirty-six percent. 由圖表中信息可知，單純由父母引發(fā)的辱罵老師事件的百分比是27%，既由父母又由學(xué)生引發(fā)的辱罵老師事件的百分比是9%，所以由父母造成的辱罵老師事件的百分比總數(shù)是：27%+9%=36%。4. What is the way to solve the abuse problem according to the passage?The better understanding among teachers，students and parents. /Good communication. /Respecting each other. /Good communication and respecting each other. 由第三段中We think that the way to solve the problem is the better understanding among teachers，students and parents. Besides good communication，respecting each other is very important. 可知答案。5. After reading the passage，what do you think of this kind of social phenomenon(現(xiàn)象)?It is important for students to respect teachers because it shows the development of the society. /I think we should try to avoid it. It can hurt both teachers and students. /. (開放性題目)(五)(2016吉林，F(xiàn))I was a schoolgirl in Grade 7 when Danny came to my school and became one of my classmates. He was handsome with blond hair，so many girls in my class liked him very much. Every day，his parents picked him up in an old car. We all realized he was from a poor family. I had a poor family as well，but I just hid it from everyone. I was afraid the kids in my class would leave me if they knew the truth. One day，our teacher，Mr. Sims，announced that we would have a field trip. We decided to go to an amusement park. My classmates were excited. I sat back and looked at them，knowing that my parents did not have the money to send me. To my surprise，Danny stood up and said simply, “I wont go with you. My dad hurt his back and lost his job. I am not asking my parents for money. ”“Danny，Im very proud of you for understanding the situation that your parents are in. ”Mr. Sims replied. “But the trip is at the end of the month；we have plenty of time to raise money for it. ”While walking home from school that day，I noticed three boys talking with Danny. I was a little worried that they were giving him a hard time. But as I got closer，I found they were only discussing how to raise money for the trip. By standing up and admitting (承認(rèn)) he was poor，Danny changed my life. I no longer felt I had to lie about my familys situation. As for Danny，I will remember his courage and honesty forever. 短文大意：“我”在7年級時，害怕同學(xué)知道自己家庭貧困，向每個人隱瞞事實(shí)。但同學(xué)丹尼對同學(xué)們很坦誠，說明家庭困境。“我”由此受到觸動，覺得不需要撒謊，“我”將會永遠(yuǎn)記住他的勇氣和誠實(shí)。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問題。1. Why did many girls like Danny in the class?Because he was handsome (with blond hair). 由第一段中的He was handsome with blond hair，so many girls in my class liked him very much. 可知，許多女孩很喜歡丹尼，是因?yàn)樗苡⒖?，而且留著金發(fā)。2. Where did the students decide to go for the field trip?They decided to go to an amusement park. /To an amusement park. /An amusement park. 由第二段中的We decided to go to an amusement park. (我們決定去一個游樂園。) 可知，學(xué)生們決定去游樂園。3. What was the matter with Dannys father?He hurt his back (and lost his job). 由第二段中的To my surprise，Danny stood up and said simply，“I wont go with you. My dad hurt his back and lost his job. ”可知，丹尼的父親背部受傷，且失去了工作。4. Did the three boys fight with Danny after school?No. /No，they didnt. 由文中第三段的While walking home from school that day，I noticed three boys talking with Danny. But as I got closer，I found they were only discussing how to raise money for the trip. 可知，三個男生在和丹尼討論如何籌錢去郊游。他們沒有打架，因此要作否定回答。5. What did the writer learn from Danny?His courage and honesty. / (The) Courage and honesty. /She learnt (learned) his courage and honesty (from Danny/him). 由文中的As for Danny，I will remember his courage and honesty forever. (至于丹尼，我將永遠(yuǎn)記住他的勇氣和誠實(shí)。) 可知，作者從丹尼身上學(xué)到了勇氣和誠實(shí)。(六)(2016天津)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成句子。 Steve Jobs was born on 24th February 1955 in San Francisco，California. As a child，he often worked with his father on electronics. In high school，he met Bill Fernandez and Steve Wozniak (or “Woz”). Woz and Bill showed Jobs a computer board that they were building at the time. Jobs was very interested in it. After high school，Jobs went to one of the best colleges in Oregon. However，he dropped out only after a few months. In the meantime，Woz worked for Hewlett-Packard，but found time to build his own computer. When Jobs saw what Woz had done，he could imagine that people would need it very much. Together，they set up a company called Apple. Apple Computer became a big success，and this made Jobs a rich man. Unfortunately，Jobss personality (性格) made him very difficult to work with. He left Apple to set up another company. Soon，Apple started to do badly. Jobs returned to Apple and helped make the company successful again. Back at Apple，Jobs was responsible (負(fù)責(zé)) for the development of the iMac，iTunes，iPod，iPhone and iPad. In 2003，Jobs got very ill and died on 5th October 2011. 短文大意：本文介紹了蘋果公司的創(chuàng)始人之一史蒂夫喬布斯的創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)歷。喬布斯在學(xué)生時代就對電子感興趣。后來他與沃茲相識，并共同創(chuàng)辦了世界聞名的蘋果公司。1. When Jobs was in high school, Woz and Bill showed him that they were building. a computer board由第二段的第一、二句In high school，he met. Woz and Bill showed Jobs a computer board that they were building at the time. 可知，當(dāng)喬布斯在高中時，沃茲和比爾給他看了一塊他們當(dāng)時正在組裝的電腦電路板。2. When Woz worked for Hewlett-Packard，he found time to . build his own computer由第三段的第三句In the meantime，Woz worked for Hewlett-Packard，but found time to build his own computer. 可知，當(dāng)沃茲為惠普公司工作時，他找時間組裝自己的電腦。3. Jobs and Woz set up called Apple. a company由第四段的第一句Together，they set up a company called Apple. 可知，喬布斯和沃茲創(chuàng)辦了一家叫“蘋果”的公司。4. Jobs left Apple because he. was very difficult to work with由第四段的第三、四句Unfort