高中英語語法-代詞和練習題.doc

高中英語語法-代詞代詞分為九類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞疑問代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞、關系代詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用。1、人稱代詞（1）人稱代詞作主語用主格，作賓語、表語用賓格，但應注意以下情況：在比較級的句子中than、as后用主格、賓格都可以。如：He is taller than me但在下列句中有區(qū)別。I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2)兩個以上的人稱代詞并列，其次序排列原則：在并列主語中，“I”總是放在最后，排列順序為：二 三 一（人稱）。賓格me也一樣。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.第三人稱，男女兩性并用，男先女后。He and she still dont agree to the plan.(3)幾個人稱代詞的特殊用法。we/you(口語)常用來泛指一般人。she可以代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasnt she?2.物主代詞（1）名詞和形容詞性物主代詞各自的語法功能。（2）ones own=.of ones own句式的轉換。3.反身代詞（1）反身代詞的語法功能：賓語、表語、主語或賓語的同位語。（2）反身代詞和某些動詞連有，構成固定短語。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood（3）反身代詞還可用于某些成語中。for oneself為自己或獨立地，of oneself自然地，自動地by oneself獨自地，in oneself本身性質，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至極This problem gets a chapter to itself.這個問題占了一章（獨有）。Just between ourselves, I dont think much of him.私下地說我并不怎么看重他。They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）Left to himself he began to write.別人走后只留下他，他寫了起來。4.相互代詞（each other, one another）相互代詞無人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別，在句中作賓語。其所有格分別為each others 、one anothers ,作定語。一般來說，each other指兩者之間，one another指三者或三者以上之間，但現(xiàn)在區(qū)分已不明顯。5.指示代詞（this, that , these, those, such, same）指示代詞具有形容詞和代詞兩種詞性，在句子中可以作定語、主語、賓語或表語等。（1）指示代詞this和that的區(qū)別。this (these)一般指時間或空間上較近的人或物；that(those)常指時間或空間較遠的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要講到的事物，有啟下的作用；that則指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.為了避免重復，常用that或those代替前面已提過的名詞。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在電話用語中作自我介紹，that詢問對方；this和that可以當副詞用，意思相當于副詞so。（2）such和same的用法。such指“這樣的”人或事，在句中作主語和定語。Such was the story.We have never seen such a tall building.same指“同樣的”人或事，在句中作主語、表語、賓語和定語，same的前面要用定冠詞the.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同樣的情況。（主語）Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.他是否能做這事，對我來說都一樣。（表語）6、疑問代詞（who,whom,which,what,whose）疑問代詞在句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語。（1）who/what詢問姓名或關系。Who is he? He is my brother./He is Henry.詢問職業(yè)或地位。What is he？ He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于說話人的視點，可單數(shù)也可復數(shù)。What is /are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2)which與who、whatwhich表示在一定范圍內，而who、what則無此限制。I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?7.連接代詞和關系代詞連接代詞與疑問代詞的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它們與ever合成的代詞whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它們用來引導主語從句，賓語從句和表語從句，即連接復合句中的主句和從句，并在從句中擔任一定的句子成分。關系代詞是用來引導定語從句的代詞，它們包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。這兩類代詞的用法詳見“名詞性從句”和“定語從句”部分。8、不定代詞不定代詞主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。還有由some、any、no和every構成合成代詞，不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質，并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等（every、no只能作定語）。下面介紹幾組主要不定代詞的用法與區(qū)別。（1）some與any一般用法：some、any可與單、復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑問、否定或條件句。He has some Chinese paintings.(定語)Some like sports,others like music.(主語) Do you have any questions to ask?(定語)I dont know any of the students.（賓語）特殊用法：any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any child can do that.（定語）You may take any of them.（賓語）some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示“某一”。Smith went to some place in England.（定語）在期待對方回答yes 時，some用在表示請求或邀請的問句中。Would you like some bananas?（邀請）Mum,could you give me some money?(請求)some 用于否定句表示部分否定。I dont know some of the students.（賓語）some和any在句中還可作狀語，作副詞。some意為“大約”相當于“about”,而any則表示程度，意為“稍，絲毫”。如：There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?(2)one,both,allone作定語、表語、主語或賓語，可以指人或物，表示“一個”的意思，其復數(shù)為ones,指人時，其所有格是ones，反身代詞是oneself.One should try ones best to serve the people.(主語、定語)This is not the one I want.(表語)one、ones可以代替上文提到過的名詞，以免重復，one、ones前面分別可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等詞修飾。如：These books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?both用作定語、賓語、主語和同位語，可以指人或指物，表示“兩者都”的意思。This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定語)Both of the boys are here.(主語)We both are students.(同位語)注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定時，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我們倆并不都是教師。Neither of us is a teacher. 我們倆都不是教師。both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而應放在它們的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.Both the /these boys are tall.all用作主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語，指“全部的”、“整個的”，可與可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用，除少數(shù)情況外，一般不與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，與復數(shù)名詞連用時，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三個或三個以上的人或物。He gave me all the money.他把全部的錢給了我。All the schools are flooded.所有的學校都被淹了。I told him all about it. 我把一切都告訴了他。Thats all for today.今天就在這兒。They have all been to Xian.他們都去過西安。注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants dont go out for food.)并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。None of the money is mine.這錢一分也不是我的。（3）many和muchmany和much都表示“許多”，但many修飾或代替復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，much修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞。它們在句中可作主語、賓語、定語。much有時用作狀語。（4）few, little; a few, a littlefew和little表示沒有多少，含否定意義；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有幾個，含肯定意義。另外，few、a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞；little、a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。它們在句中常用作定語、主語和賓語。（5）no和noneno=not any,表示“沒有”，用來修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，通常作定語，none代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；代替可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù)形式。none還可以在句中作賓語。注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。（6）each和everyeach（各個），指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，側重個體，在句中作主語、賓語、定語和同位語。every（每個），指三個或三個以上的人或物，側重整體，在句中只能作定語。Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定語，強調班上“所有的人”)Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定語，強調各個個體）Each of them has been there.（主語）The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（賓語）We each got a ticket.（同位語）（7）either和neithereither是“兩者中任何一個”的意思，可修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，neither是“兩者中沒有一個”的意思，可以修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，它們可在句在作主語、賓語或定語。如：Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(賓語)Neither boy knows French.(定語)注意：either也作副詞，其意為“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesnlike tea, and I dont either.（狀語）either與or構成連詞，意為“不是就是”或“要么要么”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. neither用作副詞，意為“也不”，即“noteither”。He cant do it, neither can neither可與nor構成連詞，意為“既不也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.（8）other和another, the others 和othersthe other表示“兩者中的另一個”；“the other + 復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示“其余（他）的”；the others表示“其他的人或物”?！皁thers及other + 復數(shù)名詞”泛指“其他的（別的）人或物”。這些詞語在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。如：He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.Some are singing, others are dancing.another修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，意為“（三個或三個以上的）另一個”，不能指兩者中的另一個，在句中可作賓語和定語。This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(賓語)Please give me another book.（定語）注意：another修飾復數(shù)名詞時，意為“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one another(a second) a thirdthe other意為“一個一個一個一個”用于三者或三者以上的排列。someothersothers，意為“一些一些一些”。選擇填空1. The Parkers bought a new house but_will need a lot of work before they can move in.(NMET 2001)A.they B.it C.one D.which2. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _ from some wood we had. A. it B. one C. himself D. another 3. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came. A. neither B. either C. none D. both4. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _. A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white 5.I have done much of the work. Could you please finish_in two days? A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others 6. -When shall we meet again? -Make it _ day you like; its all the same to me. A. one B. any C. another D. some7. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing2000 2005 年高考題匯編1. If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_$15. （2000全國）Aanother Bother Cmore Deach2. - Why dont we take a little break? - Didnt we just have _? （2000全國）Ait Bthat Cone Dthis3. It is the ability to do the job _matters where you come from or what you are. （2000全國）Aone Bthat Cwhat Dit4. - Do you want tea or coffee? - _. I really dont mind. （2000北京春季）A. BothB. None C. Either D. Neither 5. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _.（2000北京春季）A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white 6. The Parkers bought a new house but_ will need a lot of work before they can move in. （01全國） A. they B. it C. one D. which7. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_ I will always treasure.（02全國）thatoneitwhat 8. - He was nearly drowned once.- When was ?- was in 1998 when he was in middle school. （02北京春季）A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This9. Youre always working. Come on, lets go shopping. you ever want to do is going shopping. （02北京春季）A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That10. - Theres coffee and tea: you can have .- Thanks. （03全國卷）Aeither Beach Cone Dit11. Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. （03全國卷）Ahim Bhe CI Dme12. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came. （04北京）A neither B either C none D both13. Theres_ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get_? （04北京）A little; some B little; any C a little; some D a little; any14. I got the story from Tom and _ people who had worked with him. （04天津）A every other B many othersC some other D other than15. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. （04天津）A Something B All C Both D Everything16. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately couldnt spare me even one minute. （04重慶）A. they B. one C. who D. it17. - One weeks time has been wasted.- I cant believe we did all that work for . （04重慶）A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything18. The husband gave his wife every month in order to please her. （04重慶）A. all half his income B. his half all incomeC. half his all income D. all his half income19. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_. （04江蘇） A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else20. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _. （04浙江） A. none B. either C. any D. each21. - Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? - _ way as you please. （04福建）AEach BEvery CAny DEither22. She doesnt know anyone here. She has got_to talk to. （04廣東）A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one23. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _ from some wood we had. （04廣西） A. it B. one C. himself D. another24. Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do. （04湖南） A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing25. I have done much of the work . Could you please finish in two days ? （04遼寧） Athe rest Bthe other Canother Dthe others 26. I had to buy _ these books because I didnt know which one was the best. （04上海）A. both B. none C. neither D. all27. I like_ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. （04全國I） A this B that C it D one28. Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after_ hes done for you. （04全國II） A something B anything C all D that29. - Do you like_ here? - Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. （04全國II）A this B these C that D it30. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _. （04上海春季） A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers31. I think hes just going to deal with this problem _ day. (05廣東卷) A. next B. other C. following D. another 32. First, it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from . （05湖北卷） Aeveryone elseBthe other Csomeone else Dthe rest 33. You will find as you read fiats book that you just cant keep some of these stones to _. You will want to share them with a friend. （05湖南卷） A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. themselves 34. Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than_ in the city. (05江蘇卷) A. ones B.