2020屆中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練名詞及名詞短語(yǔ)講解及真題專(zhuān)練.docx

2020屆中考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練之名詞及名詞短語(yǔ)講解及配套真題一名詞名詞的種類(lèi)：專(zhuān)有名詞普通名詞國(guó)名地名人名，團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱(chēng)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞II. 名詞的數(shù)：1. 規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es?，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外來(lái)詞加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, 3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, 4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)), times(時(shí)代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報(bào)紙), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜)7表示“某國(guó)人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers, men servantsIII. 名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加s構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無(wú)生命的東西。1. s所有格的構(gòu)成：?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí),各名詞末尾均須加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系時(shí)在最后一詞末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店鋪，所有格后名詞省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示時(shí)間todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然現(xiàn)象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示國(guó)家城市等地方的名詞the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群體the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及價(jià)值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6與人類(lèi)活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定詞組a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于無(wú)生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed 1. Betty has a beautiful _. She wants to be a singer in the future. (2019.江蘇淮安) A. voice B. look C. noise D. sound2.- What should we do for the camping trip? - Wed better make a of things like foods, drinks, medicine and so on. （2019福建）A. listB. cardC. report3. Which word goes with the sound?(2019甘肅蘭州)A. snackB. smileC. stateD. snake4. Look! They are . (2019甘肅天水)Yes. We are proud of them.A. man scientist B. women scientists C. woman scientists D.man scientists5-Here is my family_.We took it last year. 2019甘肅敦煌)A.member B.name C.photo D.house6（1分）Id like some_and_（2019廣西百色）Abanana； tomatoBbananas； tomatoCbananas； tomatoesDbanana； tomatoes7（1分）In China， the color red is the _of good luck (2019廣西北部灣)AdreamBwayCsymbolDreason8（1分）The air is very fresh in our city There is less than beforeYes The government has taken action to protect the environment (2019廣西貴港)AwoodBpollutionCnoiseDwater9. Im not hungry at all because I have just had much _.(2019 廣西 柳州) A. bread B. pearsC. eggs10（1分）Jane is very thirsty， so she needs some (2019 貴州 黔南州)AwaterBbreadCcakesDrice11（1分）My cousin and I often walk to the_to see pandas on weekends (2019 海南)AbankBzooCmarket12（1分）Would you please_your email address？ I missed it just now(2019 海南)No problemIts fox163comArepeatBreviewCrecord13. I like this song. Its by one of my favorite_.(2019河北)A. singers B. dancers C. painters D. writers14For his sons birthday, Steven is taking him to the new movie as a . (2019 河南)A. taskB. treatC.choiceD. visit15.The problems are difficult to solve.Please give me _.(2019黑龍江大慶)B= A. many advice B.some advice C. an advice D.some advices16.Timgotfour _ fromhisrelativesonChildrensDay. A. toyB. toysC. toies17. Journey to the West is a traditional _ book. It has been translated into different languages. A. AmericanB. BritishC. Chinese18. Igorunning every day.Wow! Thats a good _. It keeps you healthy. (2019黑龍江齊齊哈爾) A. taskB. exerciseC. habit19. Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? Im afraid that we have no_ but Io take a Laxi, (2019湖北黃岡) A. idea B. decision C. reason D. choice20. - More and more foreigners come to visit the Gfeat Wall. -Tnats true. It is the_of China_(2019湖北黃石) A. praise B,pride C,effort D.courage21. Creative morning_ are popularin our school. (2019 湖北咸寧)Yes，we dance to fun music, such as the song Calorie(卡路里). A. exams B. exercises C.examples D.expressions22. Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Kungfu. (2019 湖北咸寧) Thats true. Its an important part of Chinese_. A. invention B.story C. culture D. custom23.Dad, what is the loudspeaker saying? （2019湖北武漢） It is to the. The flight to Wuhan is boarding now. A. customers B. passengers C. members D. tourists24一Everyone should stick to his dream. 一Yes. A life without a dream is like a bird without _, which cant fly. (2019 湖北孝感) A. wings B. water C. clouds D. food25. -I know little about this product. (2019湖南郴州) -Surf the Internet, and you will get much _about it.A. information B. message C. suggestion26. We should brush our _ every day. （2019湖南岳陽(yáng)）A. toothB. teethC. hand27. Which underlined letter pronounces differently from the others?（2019江蘇省連云港） A. planet B. camping C. rabbit D. shape28. On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the _110-meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar（2019江蘇省連云港） A. man B. men C. mens D. mens29. US scientist Edward T. Hall said that in a conversation between two people, 65% of _ is done through body language. （2019江蘇省連云港） A. application B. pronunciation C. introduction D. communication30. High-speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great of China. （2019南通江蘇） A. Achievements B. Agreements C. Environments D. Instruments31. - Keep quiet! I need complete_ when Im working. （2019江蘇蘇州） -Sorry, dad. I wont make any noise again. A. trust B. silence C. control D. strength32. Anna, how does the dress look on me? (2019江蘇宿遷)-To tell you the _, it doesnt fit you well.A. tradeB. trustC. truthD. treat33. My mother has a poor _of direction, so she is always afraid to go out alone. （2019江蘇泰州） A. scene B. silence C. service D. sense34. Look at the two _over there. They are teaching the girls to play the guitar. (2019湖南益陽(yáng)) A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. woman teacher35. My daughter helps me cook, but she isnt old enough to be left alone in the _.（2019江西）A. bedroom B. classroom C. lab D. kitchen36. If I leave my house at 9 oclock and drive to the airport, Ill arrive at about 11. So its about two _drive from my house to the airport. （2019山東臨沂） A. hours B. hours C. hours37. After years of war, the people in Syria are thirsty for _.(2019山東濱州)A. priceB. noiseC. peaceD. course38. Lucy, how about going to the ?(2019山東青島) Sounds great! Reading books can give us much pleasure.A. libraryB. cinemaC. museumD. concert39. The number of the people using Huawei _is getting larger and larger. (2019江蘇鹽城)A. culturesB. customersC. productsD. histories40. Im not sure what to write about The Secret Garden in the report. You should read some _ about the book before writing. (2019江蘇揚(yáng)州) A. reviews B. reasons C. results D. rewards41. When I think of the worried _ of foreign students who are learning Chinese, I can go to study English calmly. （2019江蘇鎮(zhèn)江）A. looksB. designsC. effortsD. needs42. Schools are good places for students to get _and make friends.(2019遼寧撫順)A. background B. knowledge C. attention D. competition43. The article gives students some_ about how to stay safe online.(2019遼寧本溪)A. suggestions B. activities C. decisions D. advantages44.WeChat（微信）is one of the most convenient ways of .（2019遼寧鐵嶺）A.information B.competitionC.communication D.pollution45. To keep our city beautiful, theare always very busy in the streets. We shouldnt throw rubbish everywhere. （2019山西） A.