中醫(yī)名詞術語標準參考

中醫(yī)名詞術語標準參考舌診舌診：tongue diagnosis望舌：inspection of tongue舌象：tongue manifestation舌尖：tip of the tongue舌邊：margins of the tongue舌中；舌心：center of the tongue舌根；舌本：root of the tongue舌體；舌質：tongue body舌色：tongue color榮枯老嫩：luxuriant/ flourishing, withered, tough and tender淡白舌：whitish tongue淡紅舌：reddish tongue紅舌：red tongue青舌：blue tongue紫舌：purple tongue青紫色：bluish purple tongue絳舌：crimson tongue胖大舌：enlarged tongue腫脹舌：wollen tongue瘦薄舌：thin tongue點刺舌：spotted tongue芒刺舌：prickly tongue齒痕舌：teeth-marked tongue裂紋舌：fissured tongue光剝舌：peeled tongue鏡面舌：mirror tongue地圖舌：geographical tongue舌衄：spontaneous bleeding of the tongue強硬舌：stiff tongue萎軟舌：limp wilting tongue顫動舌：trembling tongue歪斜舌：deviated tongue短縮舌：contracted tongue吐弄舌：protruded agitated tongue舌卷：curled tongue苔色：coating color苔質：texture of coating 白苔：white coating白砂苔：white sandy coating黃苔：yellow coating黑苔：black coating灰苔：gray coating綠苔：green coating薄苔：thin coating厚苔：thick coating潤苔：moist coating燥苔：dry coating燥裂苔：dry and cracked coating滑苔：slippery coating膩苔：greasy（世中聯(lián)）/slimy coating腐苔：curdy coating染苔：stained coating脈診浮脈類（輕取即得）浮（舉之有余，按之不足）floating pulse; superficial pulse洪（脈體闊大，充實有力，來盛去衰）surging pulse；full and over-flowing pulse濡（浮細無力而軟）soggy pulse散（浮取散漫而無根，伴至數或脈力不勻）scattered pulse芤（浮大中空，如按蔥管）hollow pulse; empty pulse革（浮而搏指，中空邊堅）tympanic pulse; drumskin pulse沉脈類（重按始得）沉（輕取不應，重按始得）sunken pulse；deep pulse伏（重按推至筋骨始得）hidden pulse弱（沉細無力而軟）weak pulse; feeble pulse；牢（沉按實大弦長）firm pulse; hard遲脈類（一息不足四至）遲（一息不足四至）slow pulse; tardy pulse緩（一息四至，脈來怠緩）moderate pulse; relaxed pulse澀（往來艱澀，遲滯不暢）unsmooth pulse；uneven pulse結（遲而時一至，止無定數）knotted pulse; bound pulse（irregular intermittent pulse）數脈類（一息五至以上）數（一息五至以上，不足七至）rapid pulse；quick pulse疾（脈來急疾，一息七八至）racing pulse; swift pulse促（數而時一止，止無定數）irregular-rapid pulse; skipping pulse（rapid irregular intermittent pulse）動（脈短如豆，滑數有力）stirred pulse虛類脈（應指無力）虛（舉按無力，應指松軟）weak pulse（asthenia pulse）細（脈細如線，應指明顯）thin pulse；thready pulse；微（極細極軟，似有似無）faint pulse代（遲而中止，止有定數）regularly intermittent pulse 短（首尾俱短，不及本部）short pulse實脈類（應指有力）實（舉按充實有力）excess pulse滑（往來流利，應指圓滑）slippery pulse弦（端直以長，如按琴弦）string-like pulse; wiry pulse; taut pulse緊（繃急彈指，狀如轉索）tight pulse；tense pulse長（首尾端直，超過本位）long pulse大（脈體寬大，無洶涌之勢 ）large pulse真臟脈true visceral pulse雀啄脈 sparrow（bird）-pecking pulse釜沸脈 seething cauldron pulse; bubble-rising pulse（世中聯(lián)）魚翔脈fish-waving pulse; fish-swimming pulse蝦游脈 shrimp-darting pulse屋漏脈 roof-leaking pulse解索脈 rope-untwining pulse彈石脈 stone-flicking pulse偃刀脈 knife-upturned pulse轉豆脈 bean-spinning pulse麻促脈 confused skipping pulse離經脈 abnormally rapid or slow pulse治則治則：therapeutic principle/ 治本：treat the root治標：treat the tip正治法：routine treatment寒者熱之：treat cold with heat熱者寒之：treat heat with cold虛則補之：treat deficiency by tonification實則瀉之：treat excess by purgation反治法：paradoxical/contrary treatment寒因寒用：treat cold with cold熱因熱用：treat heat with heat痛因通用：treating the unstopped by unstopping(WHO); treating diarrhea with purgatives塞因塞用：treating the stopped by stopping(WHO); treating obstructive diseases by tonification(漢英醫(yī)學大辭典)扶正祛邪：reinforce the healthy qi and eliminate the pathogenic factors攻補兼施：treat with both elimination and reinforcement誤治：erroneous treatment異病同治：treating different diseases with the same method同病異治：treating the same disease with different methods先急后緩(急則治其標，緩則治其本)：treating the acute before the chronic(WHO)；the acute condition should be treated prior to the chronic condition先表后里：treating the exterior before the interior加減方：modified formula合方：combined formula治法治法method of treatment; therapeutic method八法：eight (therapeutic) methods (diaphoresis, emesis, purgation, mediation, warming, clearing, tonification and resolution )汗法：promoting sweating; diaphoresis解表：release the exterior發(fā)汗解表：promoting sweating to release the exterior辛溫解表：release the exterior with pungent-warm(WHO)；relieving exterior syndrome with the pungent and worm herbs辛涼解表：release the exterior with pungent-cold(WHO)；relieving exterior syndrome with the pungent and cold herbs解?。簉elease the flesh透表：outthrust through the exterior(WHO)；expelling pathogen through exterior透疹：outthrust rashes祛風：dispel wind疏風：disperse wind散寒：dissipate cold疏風泄熱：disperse wind and discharge heat疏散風熱：disperse wind-heat疏表潤燥：disperse from the exterior and moisten dryness扶正解表：reinforce the healthy qi and release the exterior 宣肺: diffuse the lung(WHO)； ventilating the lung(世中聯(lián)) 西化宣肺止咳平喘：diffuse the lung to suppress cough and to calm panting；ventilating the lung and relieving cough and dyspnea宣肺化痰：diffuse the lung to resolve phlegm(WHO)；ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm通（鼻）竅：relieve the throat利咽：soothe the throat瀉火：purge fire；reduce fire瀉心（肺、肝）：purge the heart (lung, liver)清肝瀉火：clearing the liver to reduce fire(漢英中醫(yī)藥學詞典)清法：clearing method清熱：clear heat清氣泄熱：clearing heat from qi aspect清氣涼營；氣營兩清：clear the qi aspect and cool the nutrient aspect清營涼血：clear the nutrient aspect and cool the blood aspect清營透疹：clear the nutrient aspect and promote eruption清熱涼血；涼血：clear heat to cool the blood透營轉氣；透熱轉氣：expel from the nutrient aspect through the qi aspect清熱生津：clear heat and engender fluid清心（肝、胃、肺）火：clear heart (liver, stomach, lung) fire清熱利濕：clear heat and drain dampness清暑熱：clear summerheat清暑益氣：clear summerheat and boost(replenish) qi解暑：release summerheat泄熱救津：discharge heat to preserve fluid輕清宣化：clear and disperse with lightness苦寒瀉火：discharge fire with bitter-cold苦寒清熱：clear heat with bitter-cold降火：reducing fire解毒：detoxify; removing toxin(世中聯(lián))除疳熱：relieve (infantile) malnutrition fever; relieve fever in infantile malnutrition 下法：purgation寒下：cold purgation瀉下泄熱: discharging heat by purgation溫下：warm purgation峻下；急下：drastic purgation輕下；緩攻：mild purgation潤下：moistening purgation(世中聯(lián))潤腸：moisten the intestine通便：relax the bowel; promoting defecation; easing defecation; easing bowel movement瀉下軟堅：soften hardness with purgation瀉下攻積：remove accumulation with purgation釜底抽薪：take away firewood from under cauldron溫下寒積：remove cold accumulation with warm purgation瀉下逐水；攻逐水飲：expel retained fluid by purgation增液潤下；增液潤腸：increasing humor to relax bowels; increasing body fluid to lubricate bowels( induce bowel movement)和法：harmonize method調和氣血：harmonize qi and blood調和營衛(wèi)：harmonize the nutrient and defense理氣：regulate qi行氣：move/activate qi行氣止痛：activate qi to stop pain行氣消脹：activate qi to relieve flatulence理中：regulate the middle和胃：harmonize the stomach調和脾胃（肝胃、肝脾）：harmonize the spleen and stomach()和解表里：harmonize the exterior and interior和解少陽：harmonize the shao yang表里雙解：release both exterior and interior交通心腎：coordinate the heart and kidney; harmonize the heart and kidney祛濕：dispel dampness清熱除濕：clear heat and eliminate dampness清肝除濕：purge the liver and dispel dampness散寒祛濕：dissipate cold and dispel dampness化濕：resolve dampness清熱化濕：clear heat and resolve dampness祛暑化濕：dispel summerheat and resolve dampness醒脾化濕：enliven/ invigorating the spleen and resolve dampness芳香化濕：resolve dampness with aroma芳香化濁：resolve turbidity with aroma芳香辟穢：dispel filth with aroma燥濕：dry dampness苦溫燥濕：dry dampness with bitter-warm清熱燥濕：clear heat and dry dampness燥濕健脾：dry dampness to fortify the spleen；drying dampness and invigorate spleen利濕：drain dampness利水滲濕：induce diuresis to drain dampness(WHO)；promoting urination and draining dampness(世中聯(lián))淡滲利濕：draining dampness and with bland利水消腫：induce diuresis to alleviate edema分消上下；分消走泄：separate elimination from upper and lower; respectively expelling化飲：resolve retained fluid祛痰：dispel ;phlegm 化痰：resolve phlegm燥濕化痰：dry dampness to resolve phlegm清化熱痰：clear and resolve heat-phlegm溫化寒痰：warm and resolve cold-phlegm溫肺化痰：warm the lung and resolve phlegm溫肺化飲：warm the lung and resolve fluid retention熄風化痰：extinguish wind and resolve phlegm祛風痰：dispel wind-phlegm潤燥化痰：moisten dryness to resolve phlegm降氣化痰；下氣消痰：direct qi downward to resolve phlegm(WHO)；descending qi and resolving phlegm; lowering qi and eliminating phlegm(世中聯(lián))降逆止咳平喘：descending counterflow of qi, relieving cough and dyspnea (stop cough and calm dyspnea ) 納氣平喘：promote qi absorption to calm panting消痰軟堅：eliminate/disperse phlegm and soften hardness軟堅化痰：soften hardness and resolve phlegm清燥潤肺：clear dryness to moisten the lung潤肺止咳：moisten the lung to suppress/stop cough 斂肺止咳：constrain the lung to suppress cough瀉肺平喘：溫法：warming method溫補：warm tonification溫里散寒；溫里祛寒：warm the interior to dissipate cold 溫里：warm the interior溫脾/胃/肺：warm the spleen/ stomach/lung溫中：warm the middle溫中散寒；溫中祛寒：warm the middle and dissipate cold溫中和胃：warm the middle to harmonize the stomach溫中止嘔：warm the middle to check vomiting溫肺散寒：warm the lung and dissipate cold溫腎；溫腎陽：warm the lung溫陽：warm yang溫陽行水：warm yang to move water暖宮：warm the uterus溫經：warm the meridian溫經止痛：warm the meridian to relieve pain溫經散寒：warm the meridian to dissipate cold溫經回陽；溫經扶陽：warm the meridian to restore yang回陽救逆；回陽：restore yang to save from collapse溫經行滯：warm the meridian to move stagnation溫經養(yǎng)血：warm the meridian to nourish blood宣痹通陽：diffuse impediment and free yang行氣寬中：move qi to soothe the middle行氣止痛：move qi to relieve pain行氣寬胸：move qi to soothe the chest理氣健脾：regulate qi and fortify the spleen疏肝理氣：soothe the liver and regulate qi疏肝養(yǎng)血：soothe the liver and nourish blood疏肝瀉火：soothe the liver and purge fire疏肝健脾：soothe the liver and fortify spleen疏肝理脾：soothe the liver and regulate spleen疏肝和胃：soothe the liver and harmonize stomach疏風：eliminate/ dispel/disperse wind降逆下氣；降氣；下氣：direct qi downward降氣止呃；降逆止呃：direct(WHO) / descend (世中聯(lián))qi downward to relieve hiccup破氣：break qi涼血止血：cool the blood and stop bleeding涼血散瘀：cool the blood and dissipate stasis固沖止血：strengthen thoroughfare vessel to stop bleeding活血：activate blood活血止痛：activate blood to relieve pain活血化瘀：activate blood and resolve stasis活血行氣：activate blood and move qi活血調經：activate blood to regulate menstruation調經：regulate menstruation通經：dredge(世中聯(lián))/unblock(WHO) the meridian散瘀：dissipate (blood) stasis破血逐瘀;破瘀；逐瘀：break blood and expel stasis舒筋活絡：relax sinews and activate collaterals 通絡：dredge the collaterals 疏風通絡：dispel wind to free the collateral vessels潛陽：subdue yang平肝潛陽：pacify the liver to subdue yang熄風：extinguish wind熄風止痙；熄風解痙：extinguish wind to arrest/stop (世中聯(lián)) convulsions涼肝熄風：cool the liver to/and extinguish wind滋陰熄風：nourish yin to/and extinguish wind清熱熄風：clear heat to/and extinguish wind鎮(zhèn)肝熄風：calm the liver to/and extinguish wind補法：tonifying method補氣；益氣：tonify qi 大補元氣：greatly tonify the original qi補氣壯陽：tonify qi and invigorate yang補氣生血：tonify qi and produce blood補益氣血：tonify qi and replenish blood升提中氣；升舉中氣：upraise/elevate the middle qi 升陽：upraise/elevate yang補陽：tonify yang壯陽：invigorate yang溫補命門：warm and tonify the life gate補益中氣：tonify and replenish the middle qi補血；養(yǎng)血：tonify blood補養(yǎng)心血：tonify and nourish heart blood養(yǎng)心：tonify the heart; cultivate the mind補脾：tonify the spleen 健脾：fortify (WHO)/ invigorate (世中聯(lián))/ strengthen the spleen 健脾益氣：fortify the spleen and replenish qi健脾養(yǎng)血：fortify the spleen and nourish blood健脾扶陽：fortify the spleen and support yang健脾利濕：fortify the spleen and drain dampness健脾豁痰：fortify the spleen to sweep phlegm健胃：invigorate the stomach開胃：increase the appetite溫補脾胃：warm and tonify the spleen and stomach補火助陽；補腎火：tonify fire and assist yang柔肝；養(yǎng)肝：nourish/soothe the liver滋陰：enrich yin and tonify yang滋陰補陽：enrich yin and tonfy yang滋陰潛陽：enrich yin and subdue yang滋陰抑陽：enrich yin and repress yang滋腎養(yǎng)肝：enrich the kidney and nourish the liver補心陰；養(yǎng)心陰：tonify the heart yin補肝陰；養(yǎng)肝陰：tonify the liver yin潤肺：moisten the lung生津：produce fluid養(yǎng)胃陰；補胃陰；養(yǎng)胃：nourish the stomach yin補腎益氣：tonify the kidney and replenish qi溫腎健脾：warm kidney and