《婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)緒論》PPT課件

婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)ObstetricsandGynecology,大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二臨床學(xué)院婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)教研室姜曉晶教授PhoneObstetricsandGynecologyrelatesmedicine,surgeryandpediatrics.anditisimportantsubjectwhichhaswideinformation,第一章緒論Chapteroneintroduction,History,Obstetricsandgynecologyweremarkedbytechnical,intellectual,andsocialinnovationintheearlymodernperiod.Whilefemalemidwivescontinuedtodeliveralmostallbabies,bothmaleandfemalewriterssoughttoimproveobstetricalpractice,andanatomistsstrovetounderstandtheworkingsofthehumanbody,includingthefemalesexualandreproductivesystems.Althoughhistoriansargueabouttheactualextentofmaternalmortality,itisclearfromsourcesthatwomenfearedlosingtheirlivesinchildbirthandthatmostwomenknewpersonallyanotherwomanwhodiedinchildbirthorshortlythereafter.Similarly,whilethefullextentofneonataldeathinearlymodernEuropewillremainunknown,itisclearthatbirthwasfarmorehazardousforbabiesthanfortheirmothers.,Obstetricsandgynecologyweregroundedinclassicalandmedievalprecedent.ThefirstEuropeanvernacularworkonobstetrics,EuchariusRoeslinsRosegarten,waspublishedinGermanin1513andwasreprintedatleastanothertwenty-fourtimesupto1608.Addressedtomidwivesandmarriedwomen,itdescribesthemechanicsoflaboranddelivery,careofthenewborn,andcommoncomplaintsinpregnancy.RoeslinssontranslatedtheworkintoLatin,andthebooksubsequentlybecameaEuropeanbest-seller,translatedintoFrench,Dutch,Spanish,Danish,English,andCzechandrepublishedintotheeighteenthcentury.,AlthoughRoeslinsworkproclaimeditselftobeforapopularorlayaudience,itowedmuchtolearnedauthorities.Scholarshipsuggeststhattheworkwasnotoriginallywrittenformidwivesbutformedicalmen.Inhispreface,RoeslindescribeshowGalen(129c.199C.E.),Rhazes(Rz,c.865between923and935),Avicenna(IbnSn,9801037),andAverros(IbnRushd,11261198)struggledtounderstandthehumanbody,andthenplaceshisownworkwithinthislearnedmasculinelineage.Muchofthebook,includingtheillustrations,ultimatelyderivesfromclassicalantiquity,specificallyfromGynecologybySoranus(c.100C.E.).,IndeedsomehistorianshavearguedthatcontemporarymidwiferypracticewasmoresophisticatedthanRoeslinsclassicallybasedtextmightsuggest.Roeslinafterallwasworkingfromtexts,notfromexperiencedeliveringhealthybabies,andhisprefacesuggestsascornforthemanualknowledgeandskillmidwivespossessed.,18世紀(jì)末剖腹取胎術(shù)1978年第一個(gè)試管嬰兒路易布朗的誕生，產(chǎn)前診斷、胎兒宮內(nèi)治療1940年巴巴尼古拉的陰道宮頸細(xì)胞學(xué)檢測90年代的TBS系統(tǒng)，CCT（計(jì)算機(jī)輔助細(xì)胞檢測），Thinprep細(xì)胞涂片，腫瘤綜合治療、腫瘤疫苗研究1909年第一枚蠶腸線IUD含銅、含藥形狀各異的IUD，計(jì)劃生育基礎(chǔ)理論研究和臨床技術(shù)實(shí)施成為發(fā)展中國家的典范,婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)重要組成部分涉及面廣、整體性強(qiáng)與內(nèi)科、外科并駕齊驅(qū),婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)范疇,研究婦女特有的生理和病理的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)科產(chǎn)科學(xué)、婦科學(xué)、計(jì)劃生育,產(chǎn)科學(xué),對象研究內(nèi)容,產(chǎn)科學(xué)(Obstetrics)產(chǎn)科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)生理產(chǎn)科學(xué)病理產(chǎn)科學(xué)胎兒及早期新生兒學(xué)圍生醫(yī)學(xué),婦科學(xué),對象研究內(nèi)容,婦科學(xué)（Gynecology)婦科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)生殖器炎癥生殖器腫瘤生殖內(nèi)分泌疾病生殖器損傷生殖器畸形其他（內(nèi)異癥）,計(jì)劃生育避孕絕育優(yōu)生,婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)特點(diǎn),婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)與其他學(xué)科密不可分婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)本身是個(gè)整體不可分割婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)是臨床醫(yī)學(xué)又是預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué),產(chǎn)科學(xué)進(jìn)展(advanceofobstetrics),產(chǎn)科理論體系轉(zhuǎn)變產(chǎn)前診斷及PGD圍生期胎兒及新生兒超聲監(jiān)測胎兒宮內(nèi)治療,產(chǎn)科學(xué)進(jìn)展(advanceofobstetrics),輔助生殖技術(shù)妊娠合并癥的診斷及處理剖宮產(chǎn)相關(guān)問題分娩減痛術(shù)圍生期感染及STD,婦科學(xué)進(jìn)展(advanceofgyn.),普通婦科腔鏡婦科內(nèi)分泌婦科腫瘤婦科創(chuàng)傷與修復(fù)婦科,如何學(xué)習(xí)？,1:兩個(gè)階段系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)階段畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)階段2:兩個(gè)問題教與學(xué)的問題,教學(xué)目標(biāo),圍繞教學(xué)大剛要求，組織教學(xué)掌握基本理論、基本知識(shí)、基本技能系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)+畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)=合格醫(yī)生,教學(xué)方法,1:系統(tǒng)講授2:專題講座目的（1）了解學(xué)科最新發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)（2）臨床工作焦點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)問題3:模擬查房效果（1）鞏固