2017年中考英語(yǔ)-形容詞和副詞

1、（5） 形容詞和副詞01 命題趨勢(shì) 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化在歷年各地中考中，形容詞和副詞是必考的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，分值通常在35分之間。從命題形式來(lái)看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等；其中對(duì)形容詞和副詞的句法功能、比較等級(jí)的用法及易混形容詞和副詞的辨析的考查又是重中之重。預(yù)計(jì)2017年中考熱點(diǎn)仍將集中在形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析和比較等級(jí)的用法上。02 定義 概念清晰化形容詞是用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞，說(shuō)明事物和人的性質(zhì)和特征的一類詞，在句子中用作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；而副詞用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中的形容詞和副詞都有等級(jí)的變化。03 知識(shí)歸類 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化形容詞的位置

2、分類圖解形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置，但在下列情況后置：修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)nobody absent, everything possible以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possiblealive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞a bridge 50 meters long形容詞短

3、語(yǔ)一般后置a man difficult to get on withelse修飾疑問(wèn)詞和不定代詞時(shí)what else，something else特例清單1.有些形容詞只能作定語(yǔ)。如：little(小的),only(唯一的),wooden(木質(zhì)的),elder(年長(zhǎng)的),woolen(羊毛質(zhì)的)等及復(fù)合形容詞man-made(人造的),kind-hearted(好心的),English-speaking(說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的),take-away(可以帶走的)等。2.有些形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)。如：alone(孤獨(dú)的),asleep(睡著的),awake(醒著的),alive(活著的),well(健康的),i

4、ll(病的),frightened(害怕的)等。3.有些形容詞貌似副詞。如：friendly(友好的),lively(生動(dòng)的),lonely(孤獨(dú)的)等。4.有些形容詞與定冠詞the連用，表示一類人或物。如：We should respect the old and love the young.我們應(yīng)該尊老愛幼。Its not polite to laugh at the blind or the deaf.取笑盲人或聾人是不禮貌的。5.enough修飾名詞時(shí)既可以放在名詞的前面，也可以放在其后面；然而，enough作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該放在形容詞或副詞之后。如：We have en

5、ough time(=time enough)to finish the work.我們有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)完成這項(xiàng)工作。He ran fast enough to catch the bus.他跑得很快，足夠趕上公共汽車了。This hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people.這個(gè)大廳夠大的，可以容納1000人。6.多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常按“性質(zhì)大小(長(zhǎng)短、高低、形狀等)年齡/新舊顏色國(guó)籍(地區(qū)、出處等)材料”的順序排列。如：a beautiful tall building一座漂亮而高大的建筑物a large yellow Chinese coat一件黃色的

6、中國(guó)式大衣【題組訓(xùn)練】形容詞的作用及位置( )1.(2016綏化)Keep all the windows _，its too hot in the room.A.opened B.open C.closed( )2.(2016荊州)Ill not be Jacks friend any more.Dont be angry.Hes just so _，but in fact hes good to us，you know.A.helpful B.direct C.polite D.brave( )3.(2016河北)How _ Cindy grows !shes almost as tall

7、 as her mother now.A.cute B.strong C.fast D.straight( )4.(2016來(lái)賓)After the earthquake，we heard of lots of _ stories，and all of us were deeply .A.moving;moved B.moving;movingC.moved;moving D.moved;moved( )5.(2016東營(yíng))Overseas experience may help make our life_ .So why not try to study abroad?A.usual B.

8、usefulC.successful D.traditional副詞的分類分類圖解時(shí)間副詞soon, now, early,finally,once, recently頻度副詞always,often,frequently,seldom,never地點(diǎn)副詞here,nearby,outside,upwards,above疑問(wèn)副詞how,where,when,why方式副詞hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really連接副詞how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile程度副詞almost,nearly,very,fair

9、ly,quite,rather關(guān)系副詞when,where,why注意：地點(diǎn)副詞、時(shí)間副詞和方式副詞放在句尾，它們同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)的順序是：方式副詞地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)間副詞。如：The students are doing the experiments carefully in the lab now.同學(xué)們現(xiàn)在正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里認(rèn)真地做實(shí)驗(yàn)。Many people take exercise happily on the square every morning.很多人每天早晨在廣場(chǎng)上高興地進(jìn)行鍛煉。【題組訓(xùn)練】副詞的作用及位置( )6.(2016曲靖)David doesnt like rice noodl

10、es，his son doesnt，_.A.also B.too C.either D.not( )7.(2016隨州)How is Lucys English?She always does very well in her English exams. But she can_ understand English radio programs.A.always B.already C.easily D.hardly( )8.(2016宿遷)Sandy likes traveling. She_ stays at home during holidays.A.seldom B.usuall

11、y C.always D.often( )9.(2016綿陽(yáng))Alex，did you find our old school last week?Yes，but with much difficulty，for it has _changed over these years.A.completely B.neverC.hardly D.partly( )10.(2016昆明)Teenagers should be encouraged to go_ and be close to nature.A. inside B.back C.outside D.off規(guī)則變化的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和

12、最高級(jí)分類圖解構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er, -est。smallfastquicksmallerfasterquickersmallestfastestquickest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞加-r,-st。nicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)單詞，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加-er,-est。earlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的單詞，雙寫末尾的字母再加-er,-est。redbigthinredderbiggerthinnerreddestbiggest

13、thinnest部分雙音節(jié)詞或多音節(jié)詞在原級(jí)前加more,eresting importantmore interesting more importantmost interestingmost important特例清單1.使用比較級(jí)時(shí)，在對(duì)比中應(yīng)該是同類進(jìn)行對(duì)比。如：“我的英語(yǔ)不如你的好”應(yīng)譯成“My English is not as(so)good as yours.”，而不能譯成“My English is not as good as you.”。因?yàn)榇司渲斜容^的對(duì)象是English，而不是you，所以要把you改成yours(=your English)。2.使

14、用比較級(jí)時(shí)，切忌一方包含另一方，從而造成自身與自身的比較。如：“她比她班上任何同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)都努力”應(yīng)譯成“She studies harder than any other student in her class.”，而不能譯成“She studies harder than any student in her class.”。any student in her class包括she，使用了other才能將其排除?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】( )11.(2016山西)Have you watched A Bite of China recently?Of course.I do believe Chine

15、se food is _ in the world.A.the most delicious B.more deliciousC.delicious( )12.(2016襄陽(yáng))With the development of modern science，its_ for us to get information from all over the world.A.slower B.busier C.harder D.easier( )13.(2016呼和浩特)The box was _ than I had expected.I was out of breath when I got ho

16、me.A.more heavier B.much heavierC.little heavier D.very heavier( )14.(2016嘉興)Do you like eating fish，Wang Han?Of course.Nothing can be_ ，I think.A.delicious B.beautifulC.more delicious D.more beautiful( )15.(2016白銀)He is the only one who failed in the math exam.Really?You mean he studies_.A.the most

17、 careful B.the least carefulC.the most carefully D.the least carefully不規(guī)則變化的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分類圖解原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastmany/muchmoremostfarfartherfarthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest【題組訓(xùn)練】( )16.(2016綿陽(yáng))Rosa，can I wear jeans and T-shirt to the evening party?OK.B

18、ut a dress might be_ .A.good B.worse C.bad D.better( )17.(2016長(zhǎng)沙)Oh，it was fantastic! Lily danced so well.Well，I think Kate danced_ than Lily.A.well B.better C.best( )18.(2016咸寧)What do you think of her teaching English?Great! No one teaches_ in our school.A.good B.worse C.better D.Best( )19.(2013大慶

19、)If you want to be thinner and healthier，you should eat _ food and take _ exercise.A.more;fewer B.more;lessC.fewer;more D.less;more( )20.(2013南寧)We held a concert in the hall yesterday.Kate sang _ among the singers.A. good B.well C.better D.best形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法分類圖解句型意義例句as形容詞/副詞原級(jí)as兩者比較，程度相同。“asas”

20、結(jié)構(gòu)前可以帶表示程度的狀語(yǔ),像quite, almost, half, twice, nearly等。This book is almost/nearly as thick as that one.這本書幾乎同那本一樣厚。His ability is not half as high as yours.他的能力不及你的一半。如果形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用as形容詞/副詞原級(jí)a(n)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式as。Tom is as good a person as his uncle.湯姆和他叔叔一樣是好人。This is just as good an example as the other on

21、e.這個(gè)例子和另外那個(gè)一樣好。如果指同一個(gè)人或物，應(yīng)譯為“不但而且”。Li Mei is as beautiful as she is clever.李梅不但漂亮而且聰明。not as /so形容詞/副詞原級(jí)as兩者相比，一方不及另一方。This village isnt as/so big as that one.這個(gè)村子沒有那個(gè)村子大。I didnt do my homework as carefully as you.我做作業(yè)不如你仔細(xì)。形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than兩者進(jìn)行比較。The sun is bigger than the earth.太陽(yáng)比地球大。She usually get

22、s up earlier than others.她通常比別人起得早。比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)“越來(lái)越”，多音節(jié)的用more and more形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。She is growing fatter and fatter.她越來(lái)越胖了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們的國(guó)家越來(lái)越美了。the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)“越，越”，如果“the比較級(jí)”修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)，名詞要緊跟在比較級(jí)之后。The busier the old man is,the happier he feels.那位老人越忙越高興。The more,the bette

23、r.越多越好。The more money he gets,the more he wants.他得到的錢越多越想要。具體數(shù)字(如倍數(shù))+as as 是的倍。The city is two times as big as my hometown.這個(gè)城市有我的家鄉(xiāng)的2倍大。具體數(shù)字、實(shí)物、倍數(shù)等+比較級(jí)+than形容詞與具體倍數(shù)等的比較。He is a head taller than I.他比我高一個(gè)頭。This city is three times larger than that one.這座城市比那座城市大三倍。形容詞最高級(jí)+介詞短語(yǔ)(比較范圍)(三者或三者以上)最的。He is t

24、he tallest boy in our class.他是我們班里最高的男孩。副詞最高級(jí)+介詞短語(yǔ)(比較范圍)(三者或三者以上)最的。He works hardest in his class.他是班上學(xué)習(xí)最用功的一個(gè)。特例清單1.“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+the+比較級(jí)+of the two +”，表示“兩者中較的”。如：Wang Fei is the taller one of the two brothers.王飛是他們兄弟兩人中較高的一個(gè)。2.“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+one of the+ 最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語(yǔ)”表示 “是最的之一”。如：Miss Li is one of the most

25、 popular teachers in our school.李老師是我們學(xué)校最受歡迎的老師之一。The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world.長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。3.“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+in/of短語(yǔ)”表示“是第最的”。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】( )21.(2016銅仁)The Yangtze River is one of _ in the world.A.the lo

26、ngest rivers B.the longest riverC.longer rivers D.longer river( )22.(2016南充)I think English is as _ as maths.I agree with you.A.more interesting B.most interestingC.the most interesting D.interesting( )23.(2016阜康)Of the two sisters，Lucy is _ one，and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.A.a youn

27、ger B.a youngestC.the younger D.the youngest( )24.(2016蘭州)The weather is becoming_ .A.hotter and hotter B.more hot and hotC.hoter and hoter D.more and more hot( )25.(2016昆明)Its smoggy these days. Thats terrible!Yes.I hope to plant trees._ trees，_ air pollution.A.The more，the fewer B.The less，the mor

28、eC.The less，the fewer D.The more，the less04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級(jí)化( )1.Joe took up a cup to drink some water, but he found it was_ .A.empty B.heavy C.clean D.old( )2.It is _ for us to bring our umbrellas because the weather report says it will rain this afternoon.A.hard B.interestingC.easy D.necessary( )3.How a

29、bout the movie,Jack?Its a little boring.And I was too _ to watch the end of it.A.sleepy B.asleep C.sleep D.sleeping( )4.Uncle Wang feels very _ after finishing the _work.He really needs to have a good rest.A.tired;tiring B.tired;tiredC.tiring;tired D.tiring;tiring( )5.Each of you should be careful e

30、nough to keep yourself _ when doing this chemistry experiment.A.clear B.safe C.safely D.clearly( )6.Hurry up!The concert will begin soon.Take it easy.We have _ time left.A.little B.much C.many D.plenty( )7.Why do you like living in the countryside,Uncle Wang?Because the air there is _ and clean.A.co

31、ld B.dirty C.thin D.fresh( )8.Wed better not eat too much _ food because its not only bad for our teeth,but also makes us fat easily.A.tasty B.delicious C.sweet D.cheap( )9.These days I have always felt stressed.You can ask Mrs Lee for help.Its _ for her to solve your problem.A.necessary B.usefulC.i

32、mportant D.possible( )10.Are you _,Mike?Yes, Mom. Could you please get me some water?A.thirsty B.tired C.hungry D.sick( )11.Whose home is _ away from school in our class?Liu Meis.A.farther B.farC.the farthest D.near( )12.Which of the two cars will you buy?The _ one.I dont have much money.A.cheap B.e

33、xpensiveC.cheaper D.more expensive( )13.Remember this, children._ careful you are, _mistakes you will make.Yes,Miss Gao.A.The more;the fewerB.The more;the fewC.The more;the lessD.The much;the fewer( )14.Which is_ ,the sun,the earth or the moon?The sun of course.A.big B.biggerC.biggest D.the biggest(

34、 )15.Your daughter is much _ now.Yes,the pants she wore last year are all too short for her.A.older B .quieter C.taller D.smarter( )16.If you keep playing sports every day,your health will be getting _.A.good and good B.better and betterC.best and best D.better and best( )17.Mum,could you buy me a d

35、ress like this?Of course.We can buy _ one than this,but _ it.A.a better;better thanB.a popular;as good asC.a more popular;not as good asD.a cheaper;as good as( )18.Which province is the _ one in winter?It should be Heilongjiang Province,I think.A.coldest B.hotter C.warmest D.cooler( ) 19.Would you m

36、ind staying in such a noisy room?No,but my son needs a _ place to study in.A.cleaner B.quieter C.safer D.bigger( )20.The actress is already 50,but she looks _ than she really is.A.young B.more youngC.more younger D.much younger( )21.Tom,what do you think of the school?Oh,no other school is _ in the city. Its _ one.A.better;a better B.the best;the bestC.better;the best D.the best;a better( )22.Now,blogs are _ traditional diaries among young people.Everyone in my class has a blo