教學(xué)主體和主導(dǎo)的關(guān)系 高中英語閱讀教學(xué)的主體與主導(dǎo)

1、教學(xué)主體和主導(dǎo)的關(guān)系 高中英語閱讀教學(xué)的主體與主導(dǎo) 筆者于5月14日赴杭州參加了由華東師大科教合作研究中心主辦、浙江省杭州二中承辦的“聚焦課堂名校名師課堂教學(xué)展示活動(dòng)”。筆者所展示的課例是人教課標(biāo)版高中英語必修3，unit 5的第一課時(shí)a trip on“the true north”的教學(xué)內(nèi)容，課后得到了近百名與會(huì)同行一定的認(rèn)可和指正。現(xiàn)將本課主要環(huán)節(jié)呈現(xiàn)如下： 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 本課的中心話題是加拿大，通過一篇學(xué)生游歷初步了解加拿大的一些基本情況，包括地理環(huán)境、主要城市以及自然資源等等。 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 能夠在一節(jié)課內(nèi)讓全體學(xué)生對(duì)加拿大初步了解，并有印象地說出三個(gè)特征詞。 針對(duì)學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)國家相對(duì)陌生的實(shí)

2、際情況，合理整合資源，通過自編的聽力材料，讓學(xué)生通過聽力訓(xùn)練了解加拿大的基本國情知識(shí)。 通過精心設(shè)計(jì)的微型語境，訓(xùn)練學(xué)生結(jié)合上下文猜測詞匯或詞組大意的能力，進(jìn)而為閱讀順利開展打下基礎(chǔ)。 使學(xué)生體會(huì)略讀、細(xì)讀、預(yù)測和分析性閱讀等閱讀技巧，學(xué)會(huì)捕捉關(guān)鍵詞和略寫歸納等閱讀表達(dá)技能。 使學(xué)生在一定地道語言的支持指導(dǎo)下，結(jié)合本文表達(dá)出一些正確的英語。 教學(xué)過程 步驟一：導(dǎo)入（lead-in） t: well，first of all，let us do a revision of describing some people. you are going to look at two different

3、 pictures about different people. try to use some sentences on the screen to say what you see. now，is that clear? right，lets do it. 屏幕上呈現(xiàn)出大山和申雪、趙宏博名人的圖片和相應(yīng)的三個(gè)問題。學(xué)生根據(jù)相應(yīng)的語言支持回答： s1: i think he is da shan，a tv presenter or a xiangsheng artist. the reason why he is well-known is that he can speak very g

4、ood chinese and he often introduces us to foreign cultures. as for the third question，i guessthink that he comes from canada. s2: the couple in the picture are shengxue and zhao hongbo. they are both figure-skate athletes. they become well-known for winning the gold medal in figure skating in x wint

5、er olympic games. as we all know，they achieved their dream in vancouver，canada. t:good，in both pictures，you mentioned the same country. what is it? ss:canada. t:bingo! you got it. its canada. thats the country we are going to learn about today. we want to know about its location，its scenery，climate，

6、some big cities as well as its national animals and plants. 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：利用學(xué)生耳熟能詳?shù)娜宋?，激發(fā)學(xué)生參與的興趣，巧妙引出主題，劃線語言的提供讓學(xué)生在自信表達(dá)的同時(shí)，又能夠?qū)W到類似話題的地道口語句式。 下一步展示加拿大地圖，讓學(xué)生憑借地圖以及自身積累，先試用三個(gè)詞或短語作為第一印象來描述加拿大。 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：以便于本課閱讀后，有所對(duì)比，從而加深閱讀效果。 步驟二：聽力（listening） t: alright. you just give your first impression of canada. now，lets listen

7、 to a short passage，lets see what a foreigner thinks about canada. try to catch some important details for the following exercises. ok，lets have a go. （1）is canada the largest country in the world? if not，give the right answer. （2）what language （s） do canadians speak? a. english. b. english and germ

8、an. c. english and french.d. english and spanish. （3）what is the national animal of canada? a. beaver.b. grizzly bear. c. polar bear. d. penguin. （4）which is the national flag of canada? a. b. c. d. （5）how many great lakes are there in canada? a. 4. b. 3. c. 5. d. 6 （6）what is the canadian leader ca

9、lled? a. president.b. prime minister. c. governor. d. king. （7）what is the capital of canada? a. vancouver. b. toronto.c. calgary. d. ottawa. （8）the x winter olympics were held in. a. vancouver. b. toronto. c. calgary.d. ottawa. 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：關(guān)于加拿大的背景知識(shí)，相對(duì)于英國、美國等國家，許多學(xué)生還是較為陌生，所以筆者整合課本知識(shí)，將課本第33頁的背景知識(shí)測試，改編成聽力活

10、動(dòng)，由外籍教師朗讀，編制成聽力材料。既可以貫徹英語課地道英語的定量輸入目標(biāo)，又可以讓學(xué)生在理解語篇基礎(chǔ)上確定地得到背景答案，少了盲目性，也為下一步活動(dòng)奠定基礎(chǔ)。 步驟三：猜測生詞（組）（word/phrase-guessing） t:before we go into the text，we still need to know some new words and expressions. you are going to use the following nine real-life situations to guess the meanings of the words or phr

11、ases.do not use a translator or a dictionary. just guess according to the sentences. got it? right，lets do it. what does each of the underlined words most probably mean? 1.canada is a multicultural country，with people from european，asian and african countries. a. of many cultures b. of few culture c

12、. of a single culture 2. every time he goes abroad，he will take a lot of baggage，including his books and clothes. a. passengers b. suitcases or bags c. photos d. time 3. a crowd of excited fans suddenly surrounded her and she couldnt get out. a. be on every side b. be on one side c. be upside d. be

13、far from 3. in spite of heavy traffic，we managed to get to the airport in time. how lucky we were! a. decided b. hoped c. failed d. were able 4. canadas population is only slightly over thirty million，so it is pretty small for a big country，isnt it?. a. muchb. a little bit 5. looking eastward，you wi

14、ll see the rising sun every morning. a. in the direction of the east b. away from the direction of the east 6.after dinner，they were back in an urban area，the busy port city of hangzhou. a. city b. countryside c. space d. mountain 7. rather than taking （take） a plane，they decided to take a train to

15、montreal. a. more than b. less than c. instead of d. in addition to 8. many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes. a. are poor at b. are good at c. are afraid of d. are tired of t: time is up. lets check it one by one. do tell me the reason for your ch

16、oice. 學(xué)生逐一回答，并用英語表達(dá)猜測根據(jù)，教師適時(shí)作出總結(jié)和評(píng)價(jià)。 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：關(guān)注了考試大綱以及高考英語閱讀題命題原則對(duì)閱讀課導(dǎo)向作用，利用合理語境，訓(xùn)練學(xué)生猜測詞匯的能力，為其正確閱讀以及學(xué)習(xí)生詞提供良好示范。所選句子大多數(shù)都是與本課對(duì)象加拿大有關(guān)，也讓學(xué)生多次反復(fù)接觸本課話題，有足夠的語言輸入。 步驟四：根據(jù)題目預(yù)測大意 t: now，with so many preparations for reading，lets come into the text. look at the title and the photo. can you guess what the passage

17、 is all about and what the “true north” in the title refers to? 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：訓(xùn)練學(xué)生根據(jù)題目預(yù)測文章信息大意，調(diào)動(dòng)已有的背景知識(shí)，激發(fā)其進(jìn)一步快速閱讀興趣，使學(xué)生處于主動(dòng)認(rèn)知的狀態(tài)。 步驟五：快速閱讀（fast-reading） 在幾位學(xué)生給出不同答案后，教師總結(jié)： t: well，lets see whether you are right or not together with two chinese girls li daiyu and liu qian. read the passage quickly to check

18、your prediction and at the same time mark their travel route on the map. finish the travel route: china rocky mountains a wheat-growing province lake superiormontreal 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的快速查找信息的能力，同時(shí)也有意識(shí)地剔除次要信息，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生重點(diǎn)關(guān)注本課要學(xué)習(xí)的加拿大幾大城市。為下一步重點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)它們作好鋪墊。 步驟六：細(xì)讀（careful reading） t: now we are going to follow their t

19、rip. lets get to know the first city in canada. thats vancouver，in paragraph 2. read from line 15 to line 20 carefully，thinking about more details about this city on your paper sheet. t: back to their journey. the next city should be calgary. read paragraph 3 carefully，with the following two questio

20、ns in mind，to have a closer look at this interesting city. calgary：1.what is calgary famous for? （within 3 words） 2. what do cowboys do in calgary stampede?（within 10 words） t: after dinner，they went to the third city called thunder bay. find the key words for this city in paragraph 4. thunder bay：i

21、t is in_areas，a busy_city at the top of_. t:when it comes to the great lakes，we heard about them in the previous listening material. now read paragraph 4 from line 27 to the end，and find out why they are so important to canada. the great lakes：why are the great lakes so important to canada? （within

22、15 words） 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：圍繞著旅行線路中的主要大城市細(xì)讀，讓學(xué)生在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)有針對(duì)性地快速對(duì)文章主要信息（vancouver，calgary，thunder bay，the great walls）有所了解，而填寫表格，用關(guān)鍵詞表達(dá)，限詞歸納等不同任務(wù)形式的設(shè)計(jì)讓學(xué)生在不同方面的閱讀技能上有所訓(xùn)練。也為本課引導(dǎo)學(xué)生初步了解加拿大的目標(biāo)積累重要的語言表達(dá)素材。 步驟七：總結(jié)（summary） 活動(dòng)一： t: well done. class. now try to create your own summary based on what you just learn in this l

23、esson. cover the key points on the screen while paying attention to the underlined linking words，will you?think about it and practise it with your partner. s1:two girls，li daiyu and liu qian were on a trip in canada. rather than take the plane all the way，they decided to take a train from west to ea

24、st. on the way they visited such cities as vancouver，calgary and thunder bay. also，they learned some basic facts about canada as follows. firstly，the distance from west to east coast is 5，500 kilometers. secondly，the population is only slightly over 30 million. thirdly，most canadians live within a f

25、ew hundred kilometers of the usa border. finally，the largest fresh water is in the great lakes. 活動(dòng)二： t：remember what i asked you about thirty minutes ago on three words about canada? after getting more basic facts about canada，have i made a difference? in other words，again if you have three words or

26、 phrases to describe canada，what would you like to use this time? i am going to divide you into four groups. group a three nouns（名詞）. group bthree adjectives（形容詞）. group cthree cities. group dthree numbers. t: as usual，you will have my language support as shown on the screen. now discuss with your g

27、roup mates and then choose one member to give a presentation on your behalf. useful language: to begin with（in the first place），i would use（say），because next comes the second word（phrase）for the reason that finally，the third word that comes to my mind is，as you can see 設(shè)計(jì)意圖： 通過正確英語引導(dǎo)，讓學(xué)生結(jié)合本課所學(xué)知識(shí)，用地道

28、英語表達(dá)出來。在活動(dòng)（一）中，學(xué)生在溫故知識(shí)，整合輸入語言的同時(shí)，也對(duì)敘事總結(jié)中的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用結(jié)合語境有直觀了解。在活動(dòng)（二）中，學(xué)生能夠分小組討論，從四個(gè)不同方面對(duì)本課所學(xué)的內(nèi)容再次用三詞概括，既在教師正確引導(dǎo)下，根據(jù)提供的語言支持進(jìn)行地道輸出訓(xùn)練，又與前面自己對(duì)加拿大初步用三個(gè)詞歸納練習(xí)形成呼應(yīng)，直觀感受自己在本課的收獲。同時(shí)在討論回答中培養(yǎng)了用所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行鞏固和提高運(yùn)用能力。 步驟八：家庭作業(yè)（homework）: 1. find difficult phrases or sentences to be solved for next lesson. 2. introduce hangzhou using the sentences learned today. 3. make a brief comparison between canada and china. 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：本課為第一課時(shí)，背景知識(shí)的了解后，必然要解決語言知識(shí)，提前預(yù)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)為下一課時(shí)奠定基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)，繼續(xù)根據(jù)本課所學(xué)知識(shí)技能，讓學(xué)生在新的情境下繼續(xù)鞏固運(yùn)用。 幾點(diǎn)思考： 1.本節(jié)課采用了任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式，秉承我校長期堅(jiān)持的“為用而學(xué)，在用中學(xué)”的英語