英語簡單句五種基本句型詳解

1、基本句型 英語句子成分的排列順序與漢語不同。漢語放在前面的，英語可能要放在后面；而漢語放后面的，英語可能放在前面。即使是同樣一句話，如果用詞不同，句中的次序也會有變化。比如，“我每天騎自行車上學”，可以表達為 I go to school by bike every day. 也可以表達為 I ride to school every day. 如果用圖表分析一下，我們會看得更清楚：我 每天 騎自行車 上學。I go to school by bike every day.I ride to school every day.這三個語句除了行為者I的位置沒有變化外，其它都發(fā)生了變化，并且由于“

2、上學”表達方式的不同，在句中的位置也發(fā)生了變化。句子成分詳解一覽表及巧記口訣句子成分意義及位置充當詞類例句主語The Subject表示句子說的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、短語或句子。We study in No. 17 middle school.Jim is an American boy.Two heads are better than one.謂語The Predicate說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。通常在主語后（除疑問、倒裝句外）。由動詞或動詞詞組充當。Time tries all thing.(時間檢驗一切）Lucy

3、is dancing under the tree.Her parents are both workers.賓語The Object表示動作、行為的對象。在及物動詞或介詞后。同主語的充當詞類Love me, love my dog. (愛屋及烏）These girls like English.Did you see him yesterday?表語The Predicate與系動詞連用，一起構成謂語部分、說明主語的性質、特征。常在系動詞之后。同主語的充當詞類His father is a bus driver.My car is white.We were at school yester

4、day.Health is wealth. (健康就是財富。）定語The Attribute用來修飾名詞或代詞。單個詞常在修飾的詞前，短語或句子在被修飾的詞之后。形、代、數(shù)、名、介詞短語或相當于形容詞的詞或短語。The red one is mine.What is his name?A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患難見真情。）狀語The Attribute修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式等。位置較靈活。通常由副詞、介詞短語或相當于副詞的詞或短語來表示。Our teacher works very hard.She of

5、ten helps Mike.They had a meeting in Shanghai.賓語補足語The Object Complement賓語的補足語，邏輯上與賓語是“主謂”關系。在賓語后。由形容詞、名詞、介詞短語等充當。We named the baby Lily.She made the room clean.同位語The Appostive重復指代并進一步說明名詞及名詞性詞語。在被修飾詞后。名詞、名詞性短語、從句等。They all work hard.John, a friend of hers, has gone.句子成分 學記口訣主語謂語是基礎，賓表定狀補輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)

6、，動詞作謂不可無。一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. He wants to finish the work in time.8.

7、 Tom came to ask me for advice（建議）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.15. The

8、apples tasted sweet.簡單句的五種基本句型句型種類主語謂語部分謂語動詞表語賓語賓補1. S + Vi. 主語+不及物動詞Birdsfly.2. S + Vi. + O 主語+及物動詞+賓語Heplaysthe piano.3. S + V. + P主語+系動詞+表語Weare(系動詞）friends.4. S + Vt. + InO + Do主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語Igave him a pen（間賓）（直賓）5. S + Vi. + O + Oc主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語Tommademe cry.基本句型一：S十V主謂結構這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞：

9、appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,eg: 這只小狗已經死了。_1. 主語 + 不及物動詞（ + 狀語）狀語 主語不及物動詞狀語（In 2003,)The first bookcame outin 2003We didnt goto the cinema yesterday.Last week,I wentto Guilin for my holiday. 2. 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 （+ 狀語）狀語主語及物動詞賓語狀語（Yesterday)Iboughta very good book

10、yesterday.My fatherlovespictures of cars.Every morningmy motherpreparesbreakfastfor meHe wrotea bookin senior high school.基本句型二:S十V十P主系表結構常見的系動詞有：be(是)； get(變得), become(成為), turn(變得), look(看起來), feel(感到), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), sound(聽起來), seem(似乎)A. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, ta

11、ste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。1. We should _ _ any time. B. 我們在任何時候都應該保持安靜。2. 這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。_.B. 表示轉變或結果的系動詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：3. Spring comes. It is _. 春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。4. Dont have the food. _.不要吃那種食物，它已經變質了。3. 主語 + 系動詞 + 表語 （+ 狀語）主語系動詞表語狀語These booksaregreat.Tom isvery

12、happytoday.基本句型三: S十V十O主謂賓結構我昨天看了一部電影。_.They have _ _ _ of the children這些孩子他們照看得很好?；揪湫退? S十V十間接賓語“人”十直接賓語“物”結構 間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動詞有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動詞有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。 Yeste

13、rday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。這種句型還可轉換為： 動詞 直接賓語 for/ to sb. Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _. 請把你的畫給我看一下。 I _ _the salt. = I _the salt _ _. 我把書遞給他。4. 主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語 （+ 狀語） 狀語主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語狀語His hobbyhas broughthimenjoyment.My fatherbought

14、mea very good bikeOn my birthday.Last week,my auntsentmea box of chocolate.基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結構 此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語。call（叫）, choose（選）, find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）, make, name, (命名)Keep _, please. 請讓孩子們安靜下來。They painted_ _ _. 他們把門漆成綠色。 We must _ _ _ _.我們必須保持我們的學校潔。 He asked me _

15、_ _ soon. 他要我早點回來。注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to。如：25）The boss _ _ _ all day. (迫使他勞動) We saw _ _ _. (他出去)。5. 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語 （+ 狀語）主語及物動詞賓語賓語補足語狀語We can help youdevelop new skills.I dont wantyouto worktoo hard.The newsmadeeveryonehappy.判斷類型和句子成分：She c

16、ame She likes English. She is happyThe teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me. She gave John a book My head aches.She makes her mother angry The sun was shining. The moonrose. Theytalked for half an hour. 他們談了半個小時。The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。 Everything looks different. 一

17、切看來都不同了。He is growing tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯。 His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。Whoknowsthe answer? 誰知道答案？ Heenjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。Iwantto have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 Sheorderedherselfa new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一餐美饌。Ishowedhimmy pictures. Igavemy cara wash. 我洗了我的汽車

18、。Heshowedmehow to run the machine. 他教我開機器。What makes him think so? 他怎么會這樣想？The children are playing happily. The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor.他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。The apple pie tastes really delicious.蘋果派吃起來真是好吃。簡單句、并列句和復合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; S

19、he didnt hear of you before.2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結構可分三種：1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom

20、 and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上 的簡單句連在一起構成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句

21、和狀語從句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示

22、轉折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting4、表示因果關系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark課堂練習判斷下列句

23、子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I

24、 am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.課后習題鞏固一 按要求完成下列句子：1. He da

25、res to tell the truth.（改為否定句）2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（對畫線部分提問）3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, _?（完成反意疑問）4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改為祈使句）5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改為一般疑問句)6. It is an interesting story

26、.（改為感嘆句）7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（對畫線部分提問）8. They could hardly believe his words, _?（完成反意疑問）9. The moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （對畫線部分提問）二 單項選擇（ ）1. I was drawing a horse _the teacher came in. A. whil

27、e B. as C. when D. the moment（ ）2. -Shall we go on working?-Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though（ ）3. None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though（ ）4. -I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear!-Thank you, mum. Ill give you a

28、call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till（ ）5. The camera is expensive I cant afford it. A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that（ ）6. I never seem to lose any weight, hard I try. A. even though B. no matter how C. as if D. ever since（ ）7. Shall we go on working?Yes , I prefer to have a rest . Awhen BifCbecause Dthough（ ）8. Edison never gave up, he failed many times