學(xué)會(huì)觀察(價(jià)值流)

1、價(jià),值,流,的,研,討,哪里有為顧客提供的產(chǎn)品，,哪里就有價(jià)值流,挑戰(zhàn)就在于你的觀察,企業(yè)改進(jìn)及轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程,必須的步驟,?,?,?,?,尋求一種卓越有效的管理方法和制造技術(shù),通過(guò)抓住危機(jī)或創(chuàng)造危機(jī)在公司中激勵(lì)新的行,動(dòng),為所有的產(chǎn)品簇繪制整個(gè)價(jià)值流圖,選擇一些重要的內(nèi)容，然后迅速消除浪費(fèi),問(wèn)題？,?,?,對(duì)于公司的客戶（如長(zhǎng)安公司或長(zhǎng)安鈴,木）某一個(gè)產(chǎn)品族（車(chē)型）而言，請(qǐng)問(wèn),其制造過(guò)程是如何構(gòu)成？,該過(guò)程應(yīng)包括這些內(nèi)容：顧客需求、物,流方式、信息流（計(jì)劃方式、均衡方法、,非增值步驟、設(shè)備使用時(shí)間、換型時(shí)間、,工作時(shí)間、廢品率、作業(yè)人員數(shù)量）。,Current State Map,Supplier

2、,500 ft coils,Tues,Thurs,6 week,Forecast,Weekly,Fax,Production,Control,MRP,30/60/90 day,Forecast,Daily,Order,Customer,18,400 pcs/mo.,-12,400,揕,-,6,000,揜,Tray = 20 pcs,2 shifts,Coils,5 days,I,1 x,daily,Stamping,200 T,Press,4600 L,2400 R,I,Weld 1,Weld 2,1100 L,600 R,Assy 1,1600 L,850 R,I,I,1200 L,640

3、R,I,Assy 2,Shipping,2700 L,1440 R,I,Staging,C/T= 1 sec.,C/T= 38 sec.,C/T= 45 sec.,C/T= 61 sec.,C/O= 1 hour,C/O= 10 min.,C/O= 10 min.,C/O= 0,Uptime = 85%,Uptime = 100%,Uptime = 80%,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,2 Shifts,2 Shifts,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,27,000 sec avail.,27,000 sec avail.,27,000 sec avail

4、.,EPE = 2 weeks,7.6 days,1.8 days,2.6 days,2 days,5 days,1 sec.,38 sec.,45 sec.,61 sec.,C/T= 39 sec.,C/O= 0,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,TP c/t,4.5 days,= 23.5 days,39 sec.,V,.A.=184 sec.,Future State Map,Supplier,6 week,Forecast,Daily,Order,coil,Production,Control,30/60/90 day,Forecast,

5、Daily,Order,Customer,18,400 pcs/mo.,-12,400,揕,-,6,000,揜,Tray = 20 pcs,2 shifts,20,20,Daily,Milk Run,c,o,i,l,tote,Weld & Assy,20,20,20,1 x,daily,Batch,Coils,Stamping,Changeover,Takt = 57.7 sec,Elim,C/0= 10 sec.,Waste,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,Welder,27,000 sec avail,Uptime,Total work,time = 165 sec.,165

6、 sec.,Source:,揕,earning to See,L,R,2 days,Shipping,Staging,Prod.uction,Lead= 4.5days,V,.A.=166 sec.,(at the press),EPE = 1 shift,C/O 10 min,1.5 days,1 sec.,Welder,C/O,1 day,第一部分,什么是價(jià)值流圖,?,三種流動(dòng),?,價(jià)值流改進(jìn)與控制,?,圖表增值鏈步驟,?,選擇一個(gè)產(chǎn)品族,?,起,步,什么是價(jià)值流圖,?,價(jià)值流圖是一種用一套特定符號(hào)和,數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)描述產(chǎn)品通過(guò)價(jià)值流過(guò)程時(shí),的物料與信息流動(dòng)的圖形語(yǔ)言,價(jià)值流圖描述的范圍：一個(gè)工廠

7、內(nèi)的“門(mén)到門(mén)”,的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程它也包括工廠給顧客發(fā)貨的運(yùn)輸過(guò),程和供應(yīng)商給工廠發(fā)貨的運(yùn)輸過(guò)程,?,價(jià)值流圖的用途,非正式交流,?,分析管理變更過(guò)程,?,校驗(yàn)精益的概念和生產(chǎn),?,什么是價(jià)值流,?,它是使一個(gè)產(chǎn)品通過(guò)從概念到正式發(fā)布,的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和從原材料到達(dá)顧客手中的,生產(chǎn)等主要的流程所需的增值和不增值,的所有行動(dòng),變“不增值”的行動(dòng)為“增值”的行動(dòng)，是一個(gè)企業(yè),存在前提，更是我們每位管理者永無(wú)止境的研究并改,進(jìn)課題,?,價(jià),值,流,的,種,類(lèi),?,生,產(chǎn),原,料,設(shè),計(jì),概,念,信,息,訂,貨,客,戶,投,產(chǎn),送,貨,?,?,為,什,么,圖,表,化,?,?,?,?,?,幫,助,我,們,看,清,產(chǎn),

8、品,的,流,動(dòng),幫,助,我,們,識(shí),別,浪,費(fèi),的,源,頭,提,供,一,種“,通,用”,語(yǔ),言，,使,我,們,可,以,進(jìn),行,有,效,的,討,論,幫,助,我,們,設(shè),計(jì),產(chǎn),品,的,工,藝,流,幫,助,我,們,看,清,物,流,和,信,息,流,的,關(guān),系,一,個(gè),產(chǎn),品,族,的,增,值,鏈,供,應(yīng),商,1,供,應(yīng),商,2,外,協(xié),1,生,產(chǎn),廠,客,戶,1,供,應(yīng),商,3,客,戶,2,供,應(yīng),商,4,外,協(xié),2,外,協(xié),3,圖,表,增,值,鏈,生,產(chǎn),控,制,供,應(yīng),商,鋼卷,每,天,周,轉(zhuǎn),箱,鋼,卷,焊,接,總,裝,Batch,20,鋼,卷,沖,壓,(at the press),EPE =

9、1 shift,C/O 10 min,Takt = 57.7 sec,C/0= 10 sec.,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail,Total work,time = 165 sec.,L,R,增,值,鏈,的,級(jí),別,?,幾,個(gè),公,司,之,間,?,幾,個(gè),廠,之,間,?,單,個(gè),工,廠,內(nèi),部,?,幾,個(gè),工,藝,之,間,三,種,流,動(dòng),工,藝,流,物,流,信,息,流,工,藝,流,難,以,控,制,的,因,素,ABC,公,司,.,（,從,右,往,左,讀）,上,海,大,大,汽,車(chē),公,司,-,供,應(yīng),商,-,客,戶,沖,壓,Cycle= 2 sec,C

10、/Over = 90 min.,1 Shifts,10% Scrap,總,裝,Cycle= 45 sec,C/Over = 5 min.,2 Shifts,2% Scrap,生,產(chǎn),工,藝,物,流,ABC,公,司,.,卡,車(chē),運(yùn),送,Mon.,+,Wed.,上,海,大,大,汽,車(chē),公,司,20,000,件,每,月,Mon.,+,Wed.,物,料,采,取,“,推,動(dòng)”,方,式,總,裝,I,Cycle= 2 sec,Cycle= 45 sec,C/Over = 5 min.,2 Shifts,2% Scrap,C/Over = 90 min.,1 Shifts,10% Scrap,I,鋼,卷,沖,

11、壓,I,庫(kù),存,3,天,2,天,5,天,信,息,流,電,子,信,息,傳,輸,生,產(chǎn),控,制,周，,月,計(jì),劃,電,腦,ABC,公,司,Daily/Weekly,日,生,產(chǎn),計(jì),劃,Mon.,+,Wed.,上,海,大,大,汽,車(chē),公,司,20,000,件,每,月,Mon.,+,Wed.,I,鋼,卷,沖,壓,I,Cycle= 2 sec,C/Over = 90 min.,1 Shifts,10% Scrap,總,裝,I,Cycle= 45 sec,C/Over = 5 min.,2 Shifts,2% Scrap,生,產(chǎn),前,置,時(shí),間,生,產(chǎn),控,制,周，,月,計(jì),劃,Daily/Weekly,

12、ABC,公,司,.,Mon.,+,Wed.,日,生,產(chǎn),計(jì),劃,Mon.,+,Wed.,上,海,大,大,汽,車(chē),公,司,20,000,件,每,月,I,Steel Coil,Stamping,I,Cycle= 2 sec,C/Over = 90 min.,1 Shifts,10% Scrap,Assembly,I,Cycle= 45 sec,C/Over = 5 min.,2 Shifts,2% Scrap,3,天,4,分,鐘,5,天,8,分,鐘,2,天,10,天,0.01,天,= 0.1%,增,值,價(jià)值流的改進(jìn)與控制,高層管理,匯,報(bào),面,對(duì),前線,價(jià)值流的改進(jìn),（流程改進(jìn)）,工作重點(diǎn),優(yōu)化流

13、程,消除浪費(fèi),（過(guò)程改進(jìn)）,控制實(shí)施流程,圖,表,增,值,鏈,步,驟,當(dāng),前,狀,況,的,圖,表,將,來(lái),狀,況,的,圖,表,實(shí),施,計(jì),劃,選擇一個(gè)產(chǎn)品族,?,?,終端顧客所需產(chǎn)品；如長(zhǎng)安公司,車(chē)型。,產(chǎn)品信息：零、部件是多少？需要量？,什么樣的交貨頻率？包裝方式？等,第二部分,定義圖形符號(hào),?,繪圖步驟,?,練習(xí),?,當(dāng)前狀態(tài)圖,圖,形,物,流,標(biāo),識(shí),總,裝,符,號(hào),C/T=30sec,C/O=40min,3 shifts,Scrap: 2%,I,500,件,1,天,庫(kù),存,生,產(chǎn),工,藝,框,外,單,位,數(shù),據(jù),欄,卡,車(chē),運(yùn),輸,物,料,“,推”,箭,頭,成,品,至,客,戶,圖,形,

14、符,號(hào),物,料,標(biāo),識(shí),安,全,庫(kù),存,物,料,超,市,連,續(xù),拉,動(dòng),通,用,標(biāo),識(shí),Changeover,Uptime,“,攻,關(guān)”,標(biāo),識(shí),圖,形,符,號(hào),信,息,流,標(biāo),識(shí),周,計(jì),劃,信,息,流,電,子,方,式,信,息,流,信,息,平,衡,生,產(chǎn),取,料,看,板,生,產(chǎn),看,板,信,號(hào),看,板,看,板,存,放,繪圖步,驟,一：,當(dāng)前,狀,態(tài),當(dāng),前,狀,況,將,來(lái),狀,況,實(shí),施,計(jì),劃,?,?,?,集,中,考,慮,整,體,?,不,要,過(guò),分,追,求,細(xì),節(jié),.,從,最,后,一,道,工,序,往,回,觀,察,和,作,圖,作,圖,時(shí),集,中,考,慮,產(chǎn),品,流，,工,藝,流，,信,息,流

15、。,而,不,要,去,考,慮,公,司，,車(chē),間,的,組,織,結(jié),構(gòu),等,繪圖步,驟二：,了解當(dāng),前,狀,態(tài),?,記,錄,下,客,戶,信,息,和,需,求,?,按,照,順,序,記,錄,下,重,要,工,藝,?,到,生,產(chǎn),線,上,觀,察，,填,寫(xiě),數(shù),據(jù),欄,?,記,錄,下,每,個(gè),位,置,的,庫(kù),存,?,畫(huà),上,信,息,流（,生,產(chǎn),線,上,的,員,工,如,何,知,道,生,產(chǎn),少，,何,時(shí),生,產(chǎn)？）,?,記,錄,下,物,流（,推,動(dòng),還,是,拉,動(dòng)）,多,繪圖步,驟三：收集典型數(shù)據(jù),?,?,?,?,?,?,單產(chǎn)品差異數(shù)量,?,件生產(chǎn)周期（,C/T,）,?,批量,?,換產(chǎn)調(diào)整時(shí)間,（,C/O,）,?

16、,機(jī)器使用時(shí)間,?,生產(chǎn)批次間隔,（,EPE,）,操作人員人數(shù),包裝大小,工作時(shí)間,廢品率,班次,練,習(xí),沖,壓,部,門(mén),Press,Press,例,子：,生,產(chǎn),布,局,焊,接,部,門(mén),焊,接,1,Weld,Weld,Weld,焊,接,2,Weld,焊,完,的,零,件,Press,壓,機(jī),總,裝,部,門(mén),Inspect,總,裝,1,Assy,Assy,總,裝,2,Press,Press,鋼,卷,儲(chǔ),存,沖,完,的,零,件,出,廠,最,終,檢,驗(yàn),庫(kù),存,成,品,Source:,揕,earning to See,當(dāng),前,狀,態(tài),增,值,鏈,鋼,卷,供,應(yīng),商,500 ft coils,汽,車(chē),

17、廠,18,400 pcs/mo.,-12,400,揕,-,6,000,揜,Tray = 20 pcs,2 shifts,沖,壓,焊,接,1,焊,接,2,總,裝,1,總,裝,2,發(fā),運(yùn),C/T= 1 sec.,C/O= 1 hour,Uptime = 85%,2,班,27,000 sec avail.,EPE = 2 weeks,C/T= 38 sec.,C/O= 10 min.,Uptime = 100%,2,班,27,000 sec avail.,C/T= 45 sec.,C/O= 10 min.,Uptime = 80%,2,班,27,000 sec avail.,C/T= 61 sec.

18、,C/O= 0,Uptime = 100%,2,班,27,000 sec avail.,C/T= 39 sec.,C/O= 0,Uptime = 100%,2,班,27,000 sec avail.,Current State Map including,Material,供,應(yīng),商,500 ft coils,周,二,和,周,四,汽,車(chē),廠,18,400 pcs/mo.,-12,400,揕,-,6,000,揜,Tray = 20 pcs,2 shifts,鋼,卷,5,天,I,1 x,daily,沖,壓,200 T,Press,4600 L,2400 R,I,焊,接,1,焊,接,2,1100 L

19、,600 R,總,裝,1,1600 L,850 R,I,I,1200 L,640 R,C/T= 61 sec.,C/O= 0,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,I,總,裝,2,Shipping,2700 L,1440 R,I,Staging,C/T= 1 sec.,C/O= 1 hour,Uptime = 85%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,EPE = 2 weeks,C/T= 38 sec.,C/O= 10 min.,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,C/T= 45 se

20、c.,C/O= 10 min.,Uptime = 80%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,C/T= 39 sec.,C/O= 0,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,Current State Map,Supplier,500 ft coils,Tues,Thurs,6,周,預(yù),測(cè),每,周,傳,真,Production,Control,電,腦,每,月，,每,季,預(yù),測(cè),每,日,訂,貨,Customer,18,400 pcs/mo.,-12,400,揕,-,6,000,揜,Tray = 20 pcs,2 shifts,1 x,d

21、aily,Coils,5 days,I,每,周,發(fā),布,生,產(chǎn),計(jì),劃,到,沖,壓，,焊,接,和,總,裝,Weld 1,Weld 2,1100 L,600 R,C/T= 38 sec.,C/O= 10 min.,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,每,日,發(fā),運(yùn),計(jì),劃,Stamping,200 T,Press,4600 L,2400 R,Assy 1,1600 L,850 R,I,I,I,1200 L,640 R,C/T= 61 sec.,C/O= 0,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,I,Assy

22、 2,Shipping,2700 L,1440 R,I,Staging,C/T= 1 sec.,C/O= 1 hour,Uptime = 85%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,EPE = 2 weeks,C/T= 45 sec.,C/O= 10 min.,Uptime = 80%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,C/T= 39 sec.,C/O= 0,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,Source:,揕,earning to See,Current State Map,Supplier,500 ft

23、coils,Tues,Thurs,6 week,Forecast,Weekly,Fax,Production,Control,MRP,30/60/90 day,Forecast,Daily,Order,Customer,18,400 pcs/mo.,-12,400,揕,-,6,000,揜,Tray = 20 pcs,2 shifts,Coils,5 days,I,1 x,daily,Stamping,200 T,Press,4600 L,2400 R,I,Weld 1,Weld 2,1100 L,600 R,Assy 1,1600 L,850 R,I,I,1200 L,640 R,I,Assy

24、 2,Shipping,2700 L,1440 R,I,Staging,C/T= 1 sec.,C/T= 38 sec.,C/T= 45 sec.,C/T= 61 sec.,C/O= 1 hour,C/O= 10 min.,C/O= 10 min.,C/O= 0,Uptime = 85%,Uptime = 100%,Uptime = 80%,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,2 Shifts,2 Shifts,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,27,000 sec avail.,27,000 sec avail.,27,000 sec avail.,EPE =

25、2 weeks,7.6 days,1.8 days,2.6 days,2 days,5 days,1 sec.,38 sec.,45 sec.,61 sec.,C/T= 39 sec.,C/O= 0,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,TP c/t,4.5 days,= 23.5 days,39 sec.,V,.A.=184 sec.,如,何,評(píng),價(jià),增,值,鏈？,我,們,評(píng),價(jià),增,值,鏈,的,方,式,是,計(jì),算,產(chǎn),品,總,生,產(chǎn),時(shí),間,(TP c/t),把,原,材,料,轉(zhuǎn),換,成,產(chǎn),品,并,發(fā),送,給,用,戶,所,需,要,的,時(shí),間,定,

26、義,為,產(chǎn),品,總,生,產(chǎn),時(shí),間,第三部分,什么使價(jià)值流精益,認(rèn)識(shí)并根除七種浪費(fèi),?,精益價(jià)值流的特征,?,豐田公司提供的改善指南,?,七種浪費(fèi),?,?,?,?,?,?,?,過(guò)量生產(chǎn),庫(kù)存,制造不良品,等待,搬運(yùn),加工本身的無(wú)效勞動(dòng),動(dòng)作,精益價(jià)值流的特征,?,試圖將所有過(guò)程聯(lián)系起來(lái),-,從最終顧,客上溯到原材料,-,形成一個(gè)光滑的、,沒(méi)有彎路的流,，這樣便可以得到最短的,供貨時(shí)間、最高的質(zhì)量和最低的成本。,指南一,?,按客戶節(jié)拍時(shí)間生產(chǎn),?,節(jié)拍時(shí)間,=,每班可用的工作時(shí)間,/,每班時(shí),間內(nèi)客戶的需求量,必備條件：,?,對(duì)問(wèn)題能夠做到在節(jié)拍時(shí)間內(nèi)快速反應(yīng),消除造成計(jì)劃外停機(jī)的根源,在下游過(guò)

27、程中消除調(diào)整換產(chǎn)時(shí)間,?,?,指南二,?,在任何可能的地方開(kāi)發(fā)法連,續(xù)流,指南三,使用超市來(lái)控制生產(chǎn),?,指南四,?,試著將顧客的進(jìn)度下達(dá)到單,一生產(chǎn)過(guò)程,指南五,?,在步調(diào)決定過(guò)程下，平均分,配各種不同產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn),指南六,?,通過(guò)在步調(diào)決定過(guò)程下達(dá)和,提取小的穩(wěn)定的工作增量來(lái),創(chuàng)造一種“最初的拉動(dòng)”。,指南七,?,在步調(diào)決定過(guò)程中的上游過(guò),程中開(kāi)發(fā)“每天生產(chǎn)每種零、,部件”的,能力,第四部分,將,來(lái),狀,態(tài),圖,?,側(cè)重點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題,?,Current State Map,Supplier,500 ft coils,Tues,Thurs,6 week,Forecast,Weekly,Fax,

28、Production,Control,MRP,30/60/90 day,Forecast,Daily,Order,Customer,18,400 pcs/mo.,-12,400,揕,-,6,000,揜,Tray = 20 pcs,2 shifts,Coils,5 days,I,1 x,daily,Stamping,200 T,Press,4600 L,2400 R,I,Weld 1,Weld 2,1100 L,600 R,Assy 1,1600 L,850 R,I,I,1200 L,640 R,I,Assy 2,Shipping,2700 L,1440 R,I,Staging,C/T= 1 s

29、ec.,C/T= 38 sec.,C/T= 45 sec.,C/T= 61 sec.,C/O= 1 hour,C/O= 10 min.,C/O= 10 min.,C/O= 0,Uptime = 85%,Uptime = 100%,Uptime = 80%,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,2 Shifts,2 Shifts,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,27,000 sec avail.,27,000 sec avail.,27,000 sec avail.,EPE = 2 weeks,7.6 days,1.8 days,2.6 days,2 days,5

30、days,1 sec.,38 sec.,45 sec.,61 sec.,C/T= 39 sec.,C/O= 0,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,27,000 sec avail.,TP c/t,4.5 days,= 23.5 days,39 sec.,V,.A.=184 sec.,改進(jìn)瓶頸工序,目,標(biāo),在生產(chǎn)流程中減少總的生產(chǎn)周期時(shí)間并,消除浪費(fèi)源,如何改進(jìn),控制實(shí)施過(guò)程,繪圖步,驟,四：,設(shè)計(jì)將來(lái),狀,態(tài),當(dāng),前狀,況,將來(lái),狀,況,實(shí),施,計(jì),劃,?,在當(dāng),前狀,況圖中，盡可能發(fā)現(xiàn)“七種浪費(fèi)”之源,盡可能考慮改進(jìn)內(nèi)容,?,關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題,?,?,?,需求,顧客需求節(jié)拍時(shí)間是多少？,

31、是建立一個(gè)由顧客拉動(dòng)的超市，還是直接將成品交付運(yùn)輸？,?,?,?,物流,什么地方可以使用連續(xù)流進(jìn)行加工？,什么地方可以使用,超市拉動(dòng)系統(tǒng)來(lái)控制上游過(guò)程的生產(chǎn)？,?,?,?,?,信息流,您準(zhǔn)備在生產(chǎn)鏈上的哪一點(diǎn)來(lái)安排生產(chǎn)？,您準(zhǔn)備如何平衡不同產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)？,您分布生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃和提取,加工成品的單位量是多少？,?,?,支持性改進(jìn),價(jià)值流中哪些過(guò)程需要進(jìn)行改進(jìn)？,圖,表,增,值,鏈,生,產(chǎn),控,制,供,應(yīng),商,鋼卷,每,天,周,轉(zhuǎn),箱,鋼,卷,焊,接,總,裝,Batch,20,鋼,卷,沖,壓,Takt = 57.7 sec,C/0= 10 sec.,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,27,00

32、0 sec avail,Total work,time = 165 sec.,L,R,(at the press),EPE = 1 shift,C/O 10 min,Future State Map,Supplier,6 week,Forecast,Daily,Order,coil,Production,Control,30/60/90 day,Forecast,Daily,Order,Customer,18,400 pcs/mo.,-12,400,揕,-,6,000,揜,Tray = 20 pcs,2 shifts,20,20,Daily,Milk Run,c,o,i,l,tote,Weld

33、 & Assy,20,20,20,1 x,daily,Batch,Coils,Stamping,Changeover,Takt = 57.7 sec,Elim,C/0= 10 sec.,Waste,Uptime = 100%,2 Shifts,Welder,27,000 sec avail,Uptime,Total work,time = 165 sec.,165 sec.,Source:,揕,earning to See,L,R,2 days,Shipping,Staging,Prod.uction,Lead= 4.5days,V,.A.=166 sec.,(at the press),EP

34、E = 1 shift,C/O 10 min,1.5 days,1 sec.,Welder,C/O,1 day,第五部分,實(shí)現(xiàn)未來(lái)狀態(tài),將實(shí)施過(guò)程劃分成步驟,?,價(jià)值流計(jì)劃,?,改進(jìn)價(jià)值流是管理層的任務(wù),?,將實(shí)施過(guò)程劃分成步驟,按“價(jià)值流環(huán)”概念進(jìn)行劃分，如,步調(diào)決,定環(huán)、過(guò)程環(huán)、供應(yīng)環(huán)等,?,Future State Map: Stream Loops,Supplier,6 week,Forecast,Daily,Order,Production,Control,30/60/90 day,Forecast,Daily,Order,Customer,18,400 pcs/mo.,-12,400,揕,-,6,000,揜,Tray = 20 pcs,2 shifts,Daily,Milk Run,Supplier,Loop,c,o,i,l,tote,coil,20,Pacemaker,Loop,20,20,Weld & Assy,20,Batch,20,1 x,daily,Coils,Stamping,Stamping,Changeover,Loop,Welder,C/O,1 day,1 sec.,(at the press),EPE