高考英語(yǔ)單選語(yǔ)法題解析課件-復(fù)合句和并列句.ppt

1、專題二 單項(xiàng)填空（復(fù)合句和并列句,返回目錄,疑難檔案,1. 先行詞為all時(shí)，其后要用that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，不可用what引導(dǎo)的從句。 When her father came back, she told him all that had happened. 句中that had happened為定語(yǔ)從句修飾all，而what只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，所以上面的句子不可說(shuō)成“she told him all what had happened”，但可以說(shuō)“she told him what had happened”，這時(shí)“what had happened”為賓語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞

2、told的賓語(yǔ)。 2. 先行詞為way時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句不可用how引導(dǎo)?？捎邢旅嫒N形式,復(fù)合句和并列句,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,I dont like the way in which you laugh at her. I dont like the way that you laugh at her. （用that替代 in which） I dont like the way you laugh at her.（可省略that,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,4. 在suchas（像那樣的）和the sameas （和一樣的）這類表達(dá)中，as是作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，

3、在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。 Do not trust such men as praise you to your face.不要信任當(dāng)面講你好話的那種人。（as代替such men，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)） Do not read such books as you cannot understand. 不要讀你看不懂的書(shū)。（as代替such books，在定語(yǔ)從句中作understand的賓語(yǔ)） We are facing the same problem as we did years ago. 我們面臨著和數(shù)年前同樣的問(wèn)題。（as代替the same problem，在定語(yǔ)從句中作代

4、動(dòng)詞did的賓語(yǔ),返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,5. 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，以便確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式。 He is a successful manager in a company that sends mail all over the world. The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers. 6. as可作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，a

5、s代替前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。 He married her, as was natural.,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,上句中的as代替“He married her”這一內(nèi)容，這時(shí)也可用which，但as引導(dǎo)的這種非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還可以前置和中置，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不能。如： As was natural, he married her. （as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句前置，as代替“he married her”） The meeting, as often happens, became very noisy. 會(huì)議非常吵鬧，這種事常常發(fā)生。（as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定

6、語(yǔ)從句中置，as代替“The meeting became very noisy”） 7. 注意非限制性定語(yǔ)從句前不可加引導(dǎo)并列句的并列連詞，如and，but等,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,The weather was very good, which we hadnt expected. （不可說(shuō)“and which we hadnt expected”） 8. 注意不可用引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的what來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 Sheila couldnt come to the party, which was a pity.（不可說(shuō)“.what was a pity”） 9. “介詞

7、+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用： 選用這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是這個(gè)介詞在從句中能與后面的某部分（主要是動(dòng)詞）以及前面的先行詞之間構(gòu)成一種合理的、完整的搭配關(guān)系。應(yīng)特別注意關(guān)系代詞是替代前面的先行詞。如,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,1) This is the house in which I was born. 其搭配關(guān)系為：I was born in which （which即the house） 2) He is the boy with whom I went to school. 其搭配關(guān)系為：I went to school with whom（whom即the boy） 3

8、) The old Olympic Games from which the modern games came began around the year 776. 其搭配關(guān)系為：the modern games came from which（which即 the old Olympic Games） 4) In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,其搭配關(guān)系為：12 of which were won by women （which即t

9、he 16 gold medals） 10. 關(guān)系代詞whose也可用于“介詞關(guān)系代詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中。 Mr.Green, with whose son I work, called at my house last night. 格林先生昨晚拜訪了我家，我和他兒子在一起工作。 注意：上句不可用人稱代詞所有格或名詞所有格來(lái)取代 whose。 11. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，基數(shù)詞，以及一些表示數(shù)量的不 定代詞，如most，all，both，each，none，several，some，few， many等，可與of which（指物），of whom（指人）連用。介詞of,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合

10、句和并列句,表范圍。注意這種非限制性定語(yǔ)從句前不可加并列連詞and。 We have learned five lessons, none of which is difficult. 我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了五課課文，其中沒(méi)有難的。 Our department has 90 teachers, 15 of whom are professors. 我們系有90名教師，其中15名是教授。 此外，形容詞最高級(jí)以及名詞也可與“of which / of whom”連 用。如：She takes care of ten children, the youngest of whom is only three

11、years old. 她照看10個(gè)孩子，其中最小的只有3歲。 We live in a large room, the windows of which (= whose windows,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,face south. 我們住在一間大房間里，房間的窗戶朝南。 12. where可作介詞from的賓語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the procession. 我們爬到屋頂上，從那里看游行很清楚。 13. It作形式賓語(yǔ)代替賓語(yǔ)從句的用法： 1）一些可帶形容詞

12、或名詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如find，think， make等，可用于此句型。如： I think it important that we should keep calm,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,我認(rèn)為我們保持冷靜是很重要的。 2）一些固定的說(shuō)法： We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident. 全靠你才沒(méi)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的事故。 She took it for granted that her son would study medicine. 她想當(dāng)然以為她的兒子會(huì)學(xué)醫(yī)。 14. 動(dòng)詞doubt后的賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞： 1）在否定句

13、和疑問(wèn)句中用that。 Can you doubt that he will win? 你能懷疑他會(huì)贏嗎？ I dont doubt that you are honest. 我并不懷疑你的誠(chéng)實(shí),返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,2）在肯定句中可用whether，if或that。 I doubt whether / if / that he will come. 我懷疑他是否會(huì)來(lái)。 15. 連接代詞what的三種用法： 1）含有疑問(wèn)意義 Do you know what he is worried about? 你知道他擔(dān)心什么嗎？ 2）含有感嘆意義（修飾名詞） They stole wha

14、t little money we had. 他們偷走了我們僅有的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)錢(qián)。 3）表示“所的” What I enjoy most is swimming. 我最喜歡的是游泳。,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,what表此類意思時(shí)常在從句中作賓語(yǔ)（如上句），但也可作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)掌握好此用法。 George Washington was born in a rich family in what is now the state of Virginia.喬治華盛頓出生于現(xiàn)為弗吉尼亞州的一個(gè)富裕家庭里。（what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)） The city is different from wh

15、at it was ten years ago. 這座城市與十年前不一樣了。（what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)） 16. 連接代詞whatever, whoever, whichever的用法 這些合成詞具有強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，whatever相當(dāng)于anything that； whoever相當(dāng)于anyone who；whichever表示“（某特定范圍中的）隨,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,便哪個(gè)，無(wú)論哪個(gè)”。 Whoever told you that was lying. 不管這話是誰(shuí)對(duì)你說(shuō)的，他都是在撒謊。（Whoever told you相當(dāng)于Anyone who told you） Wha

16、tever you want is fine with me. 無(wú)論你要什么我都沒(méi)意見(jiàn)。 （Whatever you want相當(dāng)于Anything you want） 17. 一些詞，如immediately，directly以及the moment，the minute，the instant也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于as soon as的意思。 I didnt wait a moment, but came immediately you called. 我一刻也沒(méi)等待，你電話一到我就來(lái)了,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,Well leave the minute youre

17、ready.你準(zhǔn)備好了我們就走。 18. 一些含有time的名詞短語(yǔ)，如every time，each time，next time，by the time等，以及the day，the year，the morning等，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 Next time you come,please bring your composition. 你下次來(lái)，請(qǐng)把你的作文帶來(lái)。 He left Europe the year World War II broke out. 他是在二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)那年離開(kāi)歐洲的。 19. while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 while也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意義上相當(dāng)于altho

18、ugh，但只能位于,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,句首。 While I understand your point of view, I do not share it. 我雖了解你的觀點(diǎn)，但不敢茍同。 20. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 as也可導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意義上相當(dāng)于although，但須將從句中的某部分置于句首： 1）表語(yǔ)（形容詞、分詞、名詞）as 主語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞 Old as I am, I can still fight.（Although I am old,）我雖老，但仍能戰(zhàn)斗。 Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing

19、 to do,返回目錄,疑難檔案,Although he was a child,） 盡管他還是個(gè)孩子，他懂得該做什么。 注意：as引導(dǎo)的這種讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞前置時(shí)，該名詞前不用冠詞，如不說(shuō)A child as he was, 2）狀語(yǔ)（副詞）as 主語(yǔ)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 Bravely as they fought, they had no chance of winning.（Although they fought bravely,） 他雖然他們打得很勇敢，但是沒(méi)有可能獲勝。 3）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（以及所帶的狀語(yǔ)）as 主語(yǔ)其他助動(dòng)詞 Try hard as he may, he never s

20、eems able to do the work,復(fù)合句和并列句,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,satisfactorily. 雖然他盡了力，但他的工作總做得不盡如人意。 21. wh-詞ever和no matterwh-詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 no matter與who, what, which, where, when以及 how連用，可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“不管；無(wú)論”，相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：You cant come in, whoever you are.

21、(=，no matter who you are.)不管你是誰(shuí)，都不能進(jìn)來(lái)。 Whatever you say, I wont believe you.（=No matter what you say,）不管你說(shuō)什么，我決不相信你,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,Whichever day you come, well be pleased to see you. （= No matter which day you come,） 無(wú)論你哪一天來(lái)，我們都?xì)g迎。 However fast you drive, I always feel safe with you. （= No matter

22、 how fast you drive,） 無(wú)論你把車開(kāi)得多么快，和你在一起我總是感到安全。 注意：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，只能用wh- 詞ever。如： It is unwise to give a child whatever he wants.孩子要什么就給什么是不明智的做法。（whatever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，不能說(shuō)no matter he wants） 22. like引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句,返回目錄,疑難檔案,復(fù)合句和并列句,like表“像”這類意思時(shí)，通常作介詞用，但現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中l(wèi)ike可作為連詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意義上相當(dāng)于as 或as if。like的這種用法常見(jiàn)于口語(yǔ)中。如： Shes

23、doing the work like/as I want her to. 她在按我所要她做的那樣做。 He sat there smiling like/ as if it was his birthday. 他面帶笑容坐在那兒，好像過(guò)生日似的,返回目錄,考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),復(fù)合句和并列句,1The conference is the beginning of a new journey，which will be long and hard but _ aims we know. Aits Bhis Cwhich Dwhose,解析】題干中的but連接兩個(gè)并列的定語(yǔ)從句：which willbut

24、whose aims。 關(guān)系代詞which指代“the new journey”；關(guān)系代詞whose指代“the new journeys,D,答案,2Wed better not prepare fish for dinner.Our guest doesnt like it _ I know,返回目錄,考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),復(fù)合句和并列句,Aas well as Bas soon as Cas long as Das far as,解析】as far as 可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)程度狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“據(jù)；就”，常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)法有：As far as I know;As far as I can see;As far as

25、 I can remember等。as long as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“只要,D,答案,3He has made another wonderful discovery,_ of great importance to science.,返回目錄,復(fù)合句和并列句,Awhich I think it is Bthat I think is Cwhich I think is DI think it is,解析】關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾discovery。 在這個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞which，謂語(yǔ)是is of great importance,I

26、think是一插入語(yǔ)。注意：you think,I believe,we are sure等短語(yǔ)可作為插入語(yǔ)放在定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞之后。又如：The blind girl reached her hand to the person who she thought was her mother,C,答案,考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),返回目錄,復(fù)合句和并列句,4It will be two months _ Jane leaves school.She is going to be a doctor. Awhen Bbefore Cthat Dsince,解析】主句中的it指時(shí)間，before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句?！癐

27、t will be two months before”表示“要兩個(gè)月后才,B,答案,5The professors works will show you _ can be used in some other ways. Ahow you have observed,考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),返回目錄,復(fù)合句和并列句,Bthat you have observed Cthat how you have observed Dhow what you have observed,解析】句中how引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是“what you have observed”，謂語(yǔ)是“can be used

28、”。what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在一個(gè)從句中作主語(yǔ)的情況很常見(jiàn),D,答案,6 I still have some doubt _ I can go to his birthday party though he has invited me several times,考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),返回目錄,復(fù)合句和并列句,Athat Bwhether Cwhere Dwhy,解析】whether在句中引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明名詞doubt的具體內(nèi)容。在肯定陳述句中，名詞doubt后面的同位語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo)；在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，名詞doubt后面的同位語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo),B,答案,7The chief f

29、oods eaten in any country depend largely on _ it grows best in its climate and soil. Awhen Bwhat Chow Dwhere,考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),返回目錄,復(fù)合句和并列句,解析】在what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，it(指the country)作主語(yǔ)，grows(及物動(dòng)詞表“種植”)為謂語(yǔ)，what作grows的賓語(yǔ)。該句的意思為“一個(gè)國(guó)家的主食主要取決于這個(gè)國(guó)家的氣候和土壤最適合種植什么,B,答案,32Thinking_you know_in fact you dont is a terrible mistake.

30、Athat；what Bthat；that Cwhat；that Dwhat；what,考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),返回目錄,復(fù)合句和并列句,解析】本句的主語(yǔ)是ing分詞短語(yǔ)“Thinking that you know what in fact you dont”；謂語(yǔ)是“is a terrible mistake”。在主語(yǔ)部分中，thinking的賓語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；在that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，“what in fact you dont(know)”這個(gè)從句作動(dòng)詞know的賓語(yǔ),A,答案,8The headmaster came back with the message_ the presid

31、ent was coming to our school. Awhen Bwhich Cthat Das,解析】 that在句中引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明前面的名詞,考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),返回目錄,復(fù)合句和并列句,message的具體內(nèi)容，應(yīng)注意該從句并非定語(yǔ)從句，所以不能用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo),C,答案,9He said he could solve the problem,_I found impossible. Abut Bwhile Cwhich Dwhat,解析】句中which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞which代替主句中“he could solve the problem”,同時(shí)在定

32、語(yǔ)從句中作found的賓語(yǔ),考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),返回目錄,復(fù)合句和并列句,C,答案,10It was in the mid-1980s that cartoons began to take off in China,_ there were only pictured-story books. Awhen Bfrom where Cbefore which Dwhere,解析】本句中“It was that”是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式；“before which there were only pictured story books”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the mid-1980s。before which可理解為“

33、before the mid-1980s,C,答案,考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),返回目錄,復(fù)合句和并列句,A,答案,11John made up his mind to give up his job when he was told all _. Ahis boss had said Bwhat his boss had said Cof his boss had said Dabout his boss had said,解析】不定代詞all后面常接一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（本句中的that在從句中作had said的賓語(yǔ)被省略）。應(yīng)注意all后是不可用what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的。關(guān)于選項(xiàng)C和選項(xiàng)

34、D，介詞的賓語(yǔ)是名詞或代詞，而不是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu),考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),返回目錄,復(fù)合句和并列句,A,答案,12Great changes have taken place in this village and it is no longer_ it was. Awhat Bthat Cwhen Dwhere,解析】what在句中引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句?！癷t is no longer what it was” 意為“不再是過(guò)去的樣子了”。這可作為一種固定表達(dá)來(lái)掌握，如：Our school is not what it was.我們學(xué)校不是過(guò)去的樣子了。注意這時(shí)不可用that代替what，因?yàn)閠hat引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)既無(wú)詞義，也不在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),返回目錄,復(fù)合句和并列句,A,答案,13George Washington was born in a rich family in _is now the state of Virginia. Awhat Bwhere Cwhich Dthat,解析】 what在句中引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。句中空格部分為賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，而where是連接副詞，不可在從句中作主語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不在從句中