初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解

1、初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解一、語態(tài)概述 英語的語態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。相當(dāng)于中文中常說的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行車被偷了?！?，“這座樓房是由他們建造的。”二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，句中人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)是通過be來表現(xiàn)出來的。常見的幾種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)如下（以動(dòng)詞do為例）：時(shí) 態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)例 句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)主+V.am / is / are + done肯定句：Bikes are sold in that shop. 否定

2、句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.疑問句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)主+V.過was / were + done肯定句：China was liberated in 1949.否定句：China was not liberated in 1949. 疑問句：Was China liberated in 1949? Yes, it was. / No, it wasnt.一般將來時(shí)態(tài) Will+v.原will be + done肯：An English c

3、lass will be given by Jack tomorrow.否：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow.疑：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No. it wont.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Have/has+V.過分have / has been + done肯定句：A road has been built by the government.否定句：A road hasnt been built by the government.

4、疑問句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasnt.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)am / is / are doingam / is / are being + done肯：A car is being driven now. 否：A car is not being driven now.疑：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +v.原情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + done肯：Trees can be planted at the

5、 foot of the hill.否：Trees can not be planted at the foot of the hill 疑：Can trees be planted at the foot of the hill ? Yes,they can./No,they cant. 三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如： Some new computers were _（steal）last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰偷的）（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如： The window was _（break）by

6、Mike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。 四、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法主動(dòng)：主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語be + V.過分被動(dòng)：主語 + + by賓語Eg:Everybody loves music. Music is loved by everybody.Eg: Mike broke the window. The window was broken by Mike. 五、注意 1.英語中有很多動(dòng)詞常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語通常是物。如：happen, take place, break out, come out, come true, have(有），take(花費(fèi)),cost, fit,

7、 belong to 等 2. 系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel,smell等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例Your reason sounds reasonable3 在need，want，require, 等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。( need / want /require +V-ing = need / want /require + to be done )例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這

8、房子需要修理。4 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。be (well) worth doing = be worthy to be done例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）5. 主動(dòng)： make / see / watch / hear / feel sb.do sth. 被動(dòng)：sb.be made /seen / watched /heard / felt to do sth.Eg

9、; I saw him enter the room. He was seen to enter the room.6. 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。Eg: She takes good care of the baby. The baby is taken good care of by her.7. 帶雙賓語的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語（物）作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞后要用介詞 to /for .Eg:He gave me some money. I was given some mo

10、ney by him. Some money was given to me by him . 被動(dòng)語態(tài)練習(xí)（ ）1. Basketball _after school twice a week. A. is played B. will be played C. was played（ ）2. A lift _ to go up and down every day. A. is used B. are used C. be used（ ）3. Shoes _ in the shop last year. A. was sold B. is sold C. were sold（ ）4. In

11、 this game their hands _. A. not be seen B. be not seen C. cant be seen（ ）5. These mooncakes _ already by Mary. A. will be eaten B. havent been eaten C. have been eaten（ ）6. He _ to the hospital in a few minutes. A. was taken B. is taken C. will be taken（ ）7. My birthday cake _yet. A. is made B. has

12、 been made C. hasnt been made（ ）8. English _ in this school since 1980. A. is taught B. has been taught C. was taught（ ）9. The boy _by Ling Feng. A. are looked after B. can be looked after C. were looked after（ ）10. These treasures _since many years ago. A. have been kept B. were kept C. are kept（ ）

13、11. The garden _ a week ago. A. is tidied B. has been tidied C. was tidied（ ）12. He wanted to know if the tickets _ to him tomorrow A. would be sent B. will be sent C. are sent（ ）13. At the crossing, a policeman _often _. A. is.seen B. was.seen C. are.seen（ ）14. Sometimes they _ play football. A. ar

14、e seen to B. are seen C. will be seen to（ ）15. All the clothes in the shop _. A. is tried on B. was tried on C. can be tried on（ ）16. The worker said that he _a ladder at once. A. needs B. needed C. was needed D. is needed（ ）17. A doctor _for by her last month. A. send B. were sent C. was sent D. se

15、nt（ ）18. The doctor _ Edisons mother.A. was saved B. has been saved C. saved D. have saved（ ）19. So much metal _ into small pieces here every day. A. were cut B. are cut C. is cut D. cut（ ）20. - Where is Jims telephone number? - It _ on the blackboard already. A. writes B. wrote C. is written D. has

16、 been written( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. i

17、s often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2( ) 1 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 2 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _. A. i

18、t sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold( ) 3 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the

19、 world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 6 His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2 These papers_yet. A. have

20、 not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 3 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt4( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 2 _

21、the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D . Are( ) 3 _ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do5( ) 1 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 2 Who was the book_? A. write

22、 B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 3 Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am6( ) 1 The flowers _ often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 2 The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Sm

23、ith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt( ) 2 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D

24、. is shown( ) 3 The old stone bridge _ next week.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild8( ) 1 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 2 The pot _ for _ hot water.A. use

25、d; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( ) 3 Tea _ in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 4 The bridges_ two years ago. A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 5 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang

26、 B. hanged C. hanging D. hung9( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 2 The teapot _ water.A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( ) 3 Old people must be looked af

27、ter well and _ politely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( ) 4 Old people must _.A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well10( ) 1 Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good c

28、are( ) 2 They were_ at the sudden noise.A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 3 These walls _ stone.A. are made of B. made of. C. are made into D. made into11( ) 1 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 2 The papers _ to them

29、.A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown( ) 3 The coat_her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to12( ) 1 I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 2 Good care_such things. A. should take of B. should be

30、 taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of( ) 3 She will_good care_. A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you13( ) 1 The teacher made him_ his homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done( ) 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days. A. was made to clean B. made cleanC.

31、made to clean D. was made clean( ) 3 These children_dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to14( ) 1 These stones_well.A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted( ) 2 The bike _ 500 yuan.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed( ) 3 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last

32、 year. A. washad B. was held C. held D. had15( ) 1 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place( ) 2 You cant use the computer, it_. A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down( ) 3 Great changes_in our count

33、ry during the past 20 years. A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened( ) 4 The watch has often _ down. A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell16( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one_.A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken( ) 2 The story books_ by the writer in the 19

34、60s. A. are written B. were writtenC. are writing D. were writing( ) 3 What time _ the door _ every day? A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close17( ) 1 Can he_ himself? A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of( ) 2 He fell from his bike and _.A. is hurt B. gets hurt

35、 C. got hurt D. hurt( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will_ A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn18( ) 1 The apple_very sweet.A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting( ) 2 You_ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.A. see B. watch C. look D. look at( ) 3 What

36、you said _. like a good idea.A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded19( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth_ a second time. A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need_.A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned( ) 3 The book is wort

37、h _.A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read三、用下列動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式填空2. Many trees _(plant) in China every year, but they are still not enough.3. Now many difficult and dangerous kinds of work _ (can do) by robots in factories.4. The Great Wall _ (build) thousands of years ago .5. It is said that more good teach

38、ers _ (will send) to the rural areas in Xinxiang next year.6. You have to be 18 years old before you _ (allow) to drive a car.7. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish(垃圾) _(must throw) into the river.8. Old people must _ (speak) to politely .【邊學(xué)邊做】將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，每空一詞。1. We ate some bananas last nigh

39、t. Some bananas _ _ by us last night.2. When will you hand in your homework? When_ your homework_ _ _ ?3. You must finish your homework first. Your homework _ _ _ first.4. My mother has bought me a toy car. A toy car _ _ _ _ me by my mother.5. He looks after his father very well. His father _ _ _ ve

40、ry well by him.6. I saw him cross the road just now. He _ _ _ _ the road by me just now.7. Do they tell you about it? _ you _ about it by them?8. They are reading a novel now. A novel _ _ _ by them now.9、I hear the boy sing yesterday. The boy yesterday.10、Do you water your flowers every day ? your f

41、lowers every day?11、He doesnt teach English. English by him.12 、My mother made me a cake. A cake me by my mother .13、I made him go. He .被動(dòng)語態(tài) 何時(shí)運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：（1）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的接受者：America was discovered by Columbus.（2）不知誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：You are wanted on the phone.（3）作客觀說明：It is said that the meeting has been put off. （經(jīng)典句型）

42、主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的基本方法：（說起來容易，掌握起來需要用心?。?）主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。（2）謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)橛伞癰e + 過去分詞”的形式，配合時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)變化。（3）主動(dòng)語態(tài)主語置于介詞 by之后，如無必需，則省略。（4）不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)?，F(xiàn) 在 do (does) am / is / are + doneWe keep the piano in the living-room.The piano is kept in the living-room.過 去 didwas / were + doneThey built the bridge in 1980.The bridge

43、was built in 1980.將 來 will/shall do will/shall + be + doneHe will read the book tomorrow.The book will be read tomorrow.現(xiàn)在完成 have/has done have/has + been + doneWe have delivered the newspaper.The newspapers have been delivered (by us).過去完成 had done had been doneShe had seen the film before she came here.The film had been seen before she came here.將來完成 will/shall have done will/shall have + been + doneBy the end of this term we shall have finished 80 texts.B