現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(講課)

1、The ing-form used as adverbial現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,思維導(dǎo)圖解讀,現(xiàn)在分詞的形式 （以go 和write為例,意義,writing,being written,going,having written,Having been written,having gone,1.v-ing與句中主語為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，與句中謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或基本上同時發(fā)生 2.having+v-ed與句中主語為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，先于謂語動詞發(fā)生,句法功能,一做伴隨狀語：分詞等于and連接兩個動詞或分句 二原因狀語相當(dāng)于as,since,because等引起的原因狀語從句，常位于句首，句中或句末

2、。 三時間狀語 相當(dāng)于when,while,as等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，常位于句首或句末 四條件狀語 相當(dāng)于if等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，常位于句首 五讓步狀語 相當(dāng)于although,though,even if,even though引起的讓步狀語從句，常位于句首 六結(jié)果狀語 相當(dāng)于so that,so等引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，常位于句末,現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語學(xué)與練,把劃線部分改寫成分詞短語 并說明其功能,1.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up,Seeing their teacher, the students stood up,現(xiàn)在分詞

3、短語作時間狀語,2. After they had finished their homework, they went home,Having finished their homework, they went home,現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時間狀語,Having finished their homework表現(xiàn)的動作在went home( ),故用分詞的(,之前,完成式,3.Because he was ill, he couldnt go to school. 4.If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress,B

4、eing ill, he couldnt go to school,現(xiàn)在分詞短語 作原因狀語,Working harder at English, you will make greater progress,現(xiàn)在分詞短語 作條件狀語,5.Although they felt very tired，they kept running. 6.The children came into the classroom, and they laughed and talked.(并列句,Feeling very tired, they kept running,現(xiàn)在分詞短語 作讓步狀語,The chi

5、ldren came into the classroom, laughing and talking,現(xiàn)在分詞短語 作伴隨狀語,被 動,主 動,語態(tài),doing having done,done being done having been done,1. When he found the door locked, he went home,轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞作狀語,2. (scold)by his mother, the boy hung his head,Being scolded,3._(see) black clouds covering the sky, he stopped his w

6、ork and went home,Seeing,4. (praise)for his job, Tom worked harder,Having been praised,1.doing或者being done 同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生 2.Having done或者having been done 先于主句的謂語動詞之前發(fā)生 1）當(dāng)v-ing形式所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞動作之前時，應(yīng)使用完成式：having done 2）. 當(dāng)v-ing形式被動式的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞動作之前時，被動式應(yīng)使用完成式：having been done,注意,如果分詞表示的是一個極短暫的動作,這動作一發(fā)生,

7、謂語表示的動作立即發(fā)生,也用分詞的一般形式. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy,15,1.“What a beautiful garden it is!” said the girl, _out of the window. A.looking B.having looked C.to look D.looked 2._a long way, Bob began to feel tired A. Walking B. Having walked C. To walk D. walked 3. _ in the queue for half a

8、n hour, I suddenly realized that I had left my wallet at home. A. To wait B. Waiting C. Having waited D. To have waited,使用having done或having been done的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)部分常會出現(xiàn)一些用于表示過去或完成的時間狀語，例如：before, already, for a long time, many times等,竅門,直接在分詞前面加not 1._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B

9、. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 2._that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized B. Realizing not C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized,分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致,1）_(see)from the hill , we find the city very beautiful. _（see）from

10、the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 2） _ (look) at her mother, he jumped with joy. _(look) at by her mother, he jumped with joy,Seeing,Seen,Looking,Looked,3)While watching television，_. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doo

11、rbell rings4)Hesitating what to do,_. A so lets not go outing B the tour was cancelled C but we should still take the tour D we had to stay home,_, the trees turned green. 春天來了 _, well visit the Great Wall. 時間允許的話,補 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在用分詞短語作狀語時, 它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一致, 如不一致則要加上它自己邏輯上的主語, 這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),Spring comin

12、g,Time permitting,1._Sunday , I shall have a quiet day at home . A. Being B. It is C. There being D. It being 2.The party will be held in the garden, weather_（2012高考全國卷） A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit,有些慣用的V-ing 短語在句中中可以沒有邏輯上的主語而獨立存在，它們往往作為句子的獨立成分來修飾全句，表面說話者的態(tài)度觀點等。我們稱這種狀語為評論性狀語或評注

13、性狀語。 generally / strictly/ / frankly/ personally speaking 一般來說 / 嚴格來說/ 坦率地說/ 就個人而言 judging from/ by 由.判斷 considering 考慮到 taking into consideration 考慮到 supposing 假如 talking / speaking of 提到 providing 如果 Seeing that既然,Judging from his appearance, he is a wealthy man. 從外表判斷他是一位富翁。 Generally speaking, t

14、he more you pay, the more you get. 一般來說，付出的越多，得到的就越多,1. 分詞短語是由狀語從句變換而來的，用以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步及附帶情況。 2. 若狀語從句與主句的主語相同時： 1）去連詞 2）去主語 3）動詞變分詞 e.g. If you turn to the right, youll find the school. _， youll find the school. _，and youll find the school,Turning to the right,Turn to the right,3. 若狀語從句與主句的主語不同時： 1

15、）去連詞 2）前面的主語留下 3) 動詞分詞 e.g. As it were fine, I went fishing with my father. _ I went fishing with,It being fine,Notes: 1. 分詞短語=連詞+ 主語 + V. e.g. Walking along the street, I met Mary. _ I met Mary. Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. _I stopped to,While I was walking along the street,Because I was

16、tired,2. 分詞短語意義不清時，往往保留連詞。但表示原因的連詞 because, as等一定要省略。e.g. When (I was) mailing a letter in the post office, I met Tom. As she didnt know what to do, she began to cry. _,she began to cry,Not knowing what to do,1).Using your head, youll find a good way. Working hard, youll surely succeed,If you use yo

17、ur head,If you work hard,條件狀語,練一練,思考：如何改為祈使句,2). Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. Not knowing her address, we cant get in touch with her,原因,Because he was poor,As we dont know her address,3). Walking in the street, I saw a tailors shop,時間,When I was walking in the street,4) Four people entere

18、d the room looking around in a curious way,伴隨狀語,Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way,5). He did his homework carelessly, making a lot of mistakes,so he made a lot of mistakes,結(jié)果,辨析： He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone,自然的或必然的結(jié)果,意想不到的結(jié)果,Eg Finished the

19、ir homework, the children went out to play football. 更正 _the children went out to play football. _the children went out to play football. _ they went out to play football,變式訓(xùn)練,Their homework finished,Having finished their homework,After the children finished their homework,提示： 用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 用分詞作狀語 用狀語從句,當(dāng)

20、堂檢測之高考鏈接,1. He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched. A. Left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left 2._that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized,3.The secretary worked late i

21、nto the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 4.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added,5._ up at his father, he asked what was the m

22、atter with him. A.Having looked B. Looking C.To look D.Look 6.The car burns more fuel, but_ all things into consideration, its still a good car A taken B having taken C taking D to take 7._ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered,8._an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. A