Lesson5-LoveIsAFallacy現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀5課件

1、Love Is a Fallacy,Max Shulman,Teaching aim,I. Learn to appreciate English stories and the development of the stories II. Learn to taste and appreciate the humor embedded in this story and the writing techniques III. Get to know some features of American colloquial and slangy expressions,Love Is a Fa

2、llacy,About the author Max Shulman (March 14, 1919August 28, 1988) is a 20th century American writer, best known for his television and short story character Dobie Gillis, as well as for his best-selling novels,His writing often focuses on young people, particularly in a collegiate setting,Love Is a

3、 Fallacy,He is one of Americas best-known humorists. He is a writer of many talents-he has written novels, stories, Broadway plays, movie screenplay(電影劇本), and television scripts(電視劇本,Type of writing,This text is a piece of narrative writing. The narrator of the story, Dobie Gillis, a freshman in a

4、law school, is the hero or protagonist. He struggles against two antagonists: Petey Burch, his roommate whose girl friend he plans to steal; and Polly Espy, the girl he intends to marry after suitable re-education. The climax of the story is reached in paras 147-150 when Polly refuses to go steady w

5、ith him because she had already promised to go steady with Petey Burch. The resolution follows rapidly and ends on a very ironic note,Love Is a Fallacy,The story: This text is taken from The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis(1951). Dobie Gillis, the narrator, is a typical American teenager who frequently s

6、uffers from romantic angst (worry, anxiety). The character appeared on a popular television sitcom (situation comedy) during the 1950s,Love Is a Fallacy,This is an interesting and humorous story. In this story the narrator tells his failure to win the heart of a young woman with the force of logic,

7、which proves to him that “Love is a fallacy,Love Is a Fallacy,There are three persons in the story : Dobie Gillis , narrator, a freshman in a law school , the protagonist of the story ; Petey Burch, his roommate whose girlfriend he plans to get; Polly Espy, the girl whom he intends to marry after su

8、itable re-education,Love Is a Fallacy,The narrator is quite sure of his final success because he is smarter and it is only logical that the girl will choose him. However, the result is a great surprise to him because the girl turns down his proposal and choose Petey Burch, all because of what Dobie

9、Gillis regards as a “sth silly”, thus proving that “l(fā)ove is a fallacy,Argument,In order to understand what a fallacy is, one must understand what an argument is. Very briefly, an argument consists of one or more premises and one conclusion. There are two main types of arguments: deductive(推論) and in

10、ductive(歸納). A deductive argument is an argument that the premises provide complete support for the conclusion. An inductive argument is an argument that the premises provide some degree of support (but less than complete support) for the conclusion,Fallacy,Fallacies are defects in an argument - oth

11、er than false premises - which cause an argument to be invalid, unsound or weak. Fallacy means 1) an idea which many people believe to be true but which is in fact false because it is based on incorrect information or faulty reasoning.2) a weakness and lack of logic or good sense in an argument; Inc

12、orrectness of reasoning E.g. The belief that women are always weaker than men is just a fallacy,Love Is a Fallacy,Introduction 1. Warm-up activity What is your opinion about love? What does love mean according to you,Love Is a Fallacy,2. theme : Love is a fallacy-love is inconsistent with logic. The

13、 author wants to lead readers to the conclusion that love is an error, a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic, i.e. love is blind,Love Is a Fallacy,3. What does the name Espy mean? Espy: to catch sight of ( esp. faults, shortcomings, etc.) , glimpse. the author might

14、 have deliberately chosen this name, which may allude to her amazing physical attraction. 4. In which place does the story reach its climax? The ending when she refuses to go steady with him,Love Is a Fallacy,5. The role of raccoon coat: It is the reason that the girl denies the narrators love. It i

15、mplies that love is not sth. that can be deduced. Love is not a scientific study. 6. Language: a lot of short sentences ; elliptical sentences ; inversion ; dashes; metaphor and simile are used ; colloquial sentences , irregular sentences, shortened forms are used (to make the story vivid,The Title

16、of the Text,The title of the story “Love is a fallacy” has two meanings . 1) When “fallacy” is taken in its ordinary sense, the title means “there is a deceptive or delusive quality about love”. 2) When taken as a specific term in logic, the title means “l(fā)ove can not be deduced from a set of given p

17、remises,Macro-structure of the text,Paras.1-3 prelude Part 1 : (Paras. 4-5) The boasting of himself and downgrading his roommate. Part II: (Paras. 6-59) The whole process of his deal with Petey. He succeeded in persuading Petey to exchange his girl for a raccoon coat Part III : (Paras 60-120) His da

18、tes with Polly / His re-education to Polly Part IV (Paras121-154) Love is not logical, but fallacy,Detailed Study,Para1 the authors remark or attitude towards writing the story : spongy (not firm) and flaccid (lacking firmness/energy) and limp. 1.S1 Charles Lamb is the kind of merry and enterprising

19、 person you rarely encounter. He wrote the essays, Old China and Dreams Children, which set free the informal essay. 像查爾斯 蘭姆這樣快樂和富有創(chuàng)新精神的人物并不常見，他寫了古瓷和夢中的孩子兩篇文章，這兩篇文章可以說解放了散文,Love Is a Fallacy,2.Charles Lamb(17751834): English essayist. He, in collaboration with his sister Mary, Published Tales from S

20、hakespeare in 1867. His dramatic essays, Specimens of English Dramatic Poets (1808), established his reputation as a critic and did much in reviving the popularity of Elizabethen drama. Old China and Dreams Children are from his collection the Essays of Elia (18231833,Love Is a Fallacy,3.Why is Char

21、les Lamb mentioned here? To make a comparison between his writing (spongy or limb or flaccid) and Lambs (informal) 4.There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lambs frontier: Here is an informal essay which is even freer than the ones Lamb wrote,Love Is a Fallacy,5.Ls. The author is

22、being humorous with his self-mocking tone. This essay of his, of course, is anything but “l(fā)imp”, “flaccid” and “spongy,Love Is a Fallacy,Para2 1. Vague though its category, it is without doubt an essay: Although it is difficult to say which category it belongs to, it is undoubtedly an essay. 2. thre

23、e elements in the essay: argument , evidence/instance , conclusion,English author, is considered as one of the most important social critics of his day. Carlyles style, called “Carlylese”, is a compound of biblical phrases, colloquialisms, Teutonic (adj.日耳曼人的,日耳曼語的)twists, and his own coinages, arra

24、nged in unexpected sequences,Thomas Carlyle (17951881,Love Is a Fallacy,5.John Ruskin (1819-1900,Love Is a Fallacy,5.John Ruskin (1819-1900): British writer and art critic and social theorist who considered a great painting to be one that conveys great ideas to the viewer. He put forward the princip

25、les that art was based on national and individual integrity and morality and that art was a “ universal language”. Later his art criticism became more broadly social and political. In his works he attacked bourgeois England and charged the modern art reflected the ugliness and waste of modern indust

26、ry. He also advocated social reform. His works include Modern Painters (1843-1860,Love Is a Fallacy,Para3 那么就讀讀下面這篇文章吧，它將向我們展示邏輯并不是一門枯燥乏味，迂腐不堪的學(xué)科，恰恰相反，邏輯是一個活生生的事物，充滿美麗 激情和心靈的創(chuàng)傷,Love Is a Fallacy,Para4 description of the author The author is satirizing a smug, self-conceited freshman in a law school,

27、 who keeps boasting at every opportunity. He heaps upon himself all the beautiful words of praise he can think of- This exaggerated self-praise and the profuse use of similes and metaphors help make the satire humorous,Love Is a Fallacy,Para5 description of Peter Burch,Love Is a Fallacy,Paras45 a co

28、mparison between the two characters Burch and narrator,Love Is a Fallacy,Para5 1.Impressionable: easily influenced易受影響的 e.g impressionable young people. Impressive: Making a strong or vivid impression: 給人以深刻印象的,Love Is a Fallacy,2.Faddist: n.趨于時尚者, 好新奇的人 Faddish: Having the nature of a fad.具有追求時尚的天性

29、的; Given to fads.趕時髦的 Fad : n. stresses the impulsive enthusiasm with which a fashion is taken up for a short time (一時流行的)風(fēng)尚; 狂熱一時的愛好;癖好, 嗜好 (craze) Fashion: The prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior: 風(fēng)格，時尚,Love Is a Fallacy,3. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason: I believe

30、 following fashion /crazes shows a complete lack of sound judgment,Love Is a Fallacy,4. Craze n. A short-lived popular fashion; a fad.短暫的時尚：流行一時的狂熱 Acme: The highest point; Summit 最高點，極點 the acme of perfection 完美無缺 the acme of good behavior 最崇高的行為 the acme of science 科學(xué)尖端 the acme of ones hope 最高的愿望

31、,Love Is a Fallacy,Not, however, to Petey: Ellipsis. This was not the acme of mindlessness to Petey. Petey did not consider such behavior as the acme of mindlessness,Love Is a Fallacy,Para6. One afternoon, - One afternoon, when I went back to my dorm, Petey was lying on his bed. He wore such a depre

32、ssed look that I came to the conclusion at once that he was suffering from appendicitis,I want a raccoon coat,Racoon only she was not intelligent. The narrator considered “Polly” a beautiful dumb girl”. who would smarten up under his guidance to become a suitable wife for him,Love Is a Fallacy,Para2

33、3 she was a girl who excited the emotions. But I was not one to let my heart rule my head: She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but I would not let feelings and emotions get the upper hand of reason or good sense. Metonymy is used,Love Is a Fallacy,Para2

34、4 I was well aware of the importance of the right kind of wife in furthering a lawyers career: I knew very well how important it was for a lawyer to have the right kind of wife. The right kind of wife would help promote a lawyers career,Love Is a Fallacy,Pin-up: (American colloq. ) n. a girl whose s

35、exual attractiveness makes her a subject for the kind of pictures often pinned up on the wall. 釘在墻上的漂亮照片; 漂亮女人,Love Is a Fallacy,Para25 1.She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack: She was not yet fully developed like pin-up girls but I felt sure that , g

36、iven time, she would fill up and become just as glamorous/charming. Not yet of pin-up proportions: not yet as attractive as the picture pinned up on the wall . Time would supply the lack: given time, she would develop in right direction. Time will give her a perfect figure,Love Is a Fallacy,2.She al

37、ready had the makings: She already had all the physical qualities needed for developing into a very beautiful woman. Making: The abilities or qualities needed for development: 素質(zhì)發(fā)展所需的能力或性格。She has the makings of a fine teacher.她具備做一個優(yōu)秀教師的素質(zhì),Love Is a Fallacy,Para26 S2 她婷婷玉立 體態(tài)優(yōu)雅，這一切都表明她出身高貴。 Ease: F

38、reedom from constraint or embarrassment; naturalness. 不拘束，不拘謹(jǐn)；自然 Bearing: the manner in which one carries or conducts oneself:舉止/風(fēng)度,一個人的行為方式： poise: the bearing of the head or body 姿勢，樣子the poise and bearing of a champion.冠軍泰然自若的風(fēng)度 breeding: training in the proper forms of social and personal conduc

39、t. 教養(yǎng),Love Is a Fallacy,Para26 gravy: n. The juices that drip from cooking meat. 肉汁, 烹肉時滴出的肉汁 sandwich,Love Is a Fallacy,Para26 Ls. the implied humor is that the woman had an usually good appetite. She wolfed down everything. Without even getting her fingers moist: Her fingers did not even get sligh

40、tly wet. Showing her dainty and refined table manner,Love Is a Fallacy,para27 In fact, she veered in the opposite direction: In fact, she went in the opposite direction. This is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid Paras 2527 The author elaborates the three qualities that he believes

41、 to be important to a good wife 1) beautiful 2) gracious 3) intelligent,Love Is a Fallacy,Para30 go steady American colloq date someone of the opposite sex regularly; be sweethearts成為關(guān)系相當(dāng)確定的情侶, 經(jīng)常只和某一異性朋友約會出游 Para 34. if you were out of the picture, the field would be open: If you were no longer inv

42、olved with her( if you stop dating her) others would be free to compete for her friendship. Out of the picture: not considered as involved in a situation Open: free to take part in or compete in ( the games being held in the field,Love Is a Fallacy,Para.40 I said with a mysterious wink. A transferre

43、d epithet. He said mysteriously with a wink. ( the wink was not mysterious) Paras4159 He succeeded in persuading Petey Burch to exchange his girl friend for a raccoon coat with him,Love Is a Fallacy,Para45 Mince: To moderate or restrain (words) for the sake of politeness (由于禮貌或禮節(jié)而)委婉或限制使用（詞語）；委婉地說 D

44、ont mince words: say what you mean. 不要忌諱, 把你的意思直說出來,Love Is a Fallacy,Para50 1.He was a torn man: He was tormented, not knowing what was the right thing to do. 2. he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window: simile Comparing his longing for the raccoon coat with the expres

45、sion of a hungry homeless child looking longingly at the bread at a bakery window,Love Is a Fallacy,Para50 3. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning: 1)His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked, his desire f

46、or the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away Polly became weaker. 2) desire waxing, resolution waning: antithesis. “desire waxing” is balanced against “ resolution waning,Love Is a Fallacy,Para.51 “It isnt as though I was in love with Polly,” he said thickly. “ Or going steady or an

47、ything like that” Petey is trying to rationalize his action. He is trying to find an excuse for finally deciding to accept the coat and give up Polly,Love Is a Fallacy,Para. 53 “What Polly to me, or me to Polly” A parody from Shakespeares Hamlet, act II, scene 2 “ What Hecuba to him or he to Hecube

48、that he should weep for her ,Its a deal,Love Is a Fallacy,Para60 1. How did the narrators first date with Polly Espy go? The narrator had his first date with Polly Espy to find out how dumb she really was. The result was disheartening. Polly was more ignorant than he had expected. The narrator reali

49、zed that he had to make a great effort to make Polly smart enough to be his wife,Love Is a Fallacy,Para 60 2. How does the language used by Polly strike you? Find some examples in the text. Espy : delishdelicious; marvymarvelous; sensaysensitive. (simpleminded girl) these words create the impression

50、 of a simple and rather stupid girl. These words increase the force of satire and irony,Love Is a Fallacy,Para61 What is the level of speech in para61? What purpose does it serve? The language is very formal. The narrator felt very depressed after the first date with Polly. To bring this feeling out

51、, and to create a humorous effect, the writer uses formal phrases such as- This loomed as a project of no small dimension: To teach her to think appeared to be a very big task, and at first I even thought of giving her back to Petey,Love Is a Fallacy,Para62 Why did the narrator teach Polly Espy logi

52、c? Did he succeed? The narrator wanted a wife who would help to further his career as a lawyer. Polly was pretty, but the problem with her was that she did not know how to think, so he decided to teach her logic, the science of thinking. He succeeded only too well for in the end Polly refused to go

53、steady with him and used all the “l(fā)ogical fallacies” she had been taught to reject his offer,Love Is a Fallacy,Para 75 it will be better if you stop tugging at my sleeve: Polly, in her excitement , was tugging at the narrators sleeves and urging him to explain more logical fallacies. The narrator to

54、ld Polly rather brusquely to stop this. It will be better: a request showing displeasure,Love Is a Fallacy,Para77 I hid my exasperation: The narrator was greatly annoyed by Pollys stupidity when she did not understand that she was only making a supposition. He managed to control his temper,Love Is a

55、 Fallacy,Para79 I fought off a wave of despair: For a moment a feeling of hopelessness came over me, but I managed to keep it off. Para97 proof: (often used in combination) resistant to; unaffected by 耐的，防的,不能穿透的。Waterproof watches防水表； a fireproof cellar.防火地窖 The girl simply had a logic-proof head:

56、Logic never has sense to her. She can never understand/grasp logic. Polly had a head that was resistant to ( would not be affected by) logic,Love Is a Fallacy,Para98 1. Who knew? A rhetorical question, expressing some doubt or some hope. He might still succeed in teaching Polly some logic. Nobody co

57、uld tell for sure. 2. maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered: Perhaps there is still some intelligence left in Polly s empty or stupid mind. Here Pollys mind is compared to the extinct crater of a volcano and some sparks of intelligence is compared to embers.

58、 也許，在她死火山般的腦袋里，還有一點余火仍在閃爍冒煙,Love Is a Fallacy,Para 98 3. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame: Perhaps I could develop the little intelligence still existing in Pollys mind. Metaphor,Love Is a Fallacy,Para111 plate : A light-sensitive sheet of glass or metal on which a photographic image can be

59、 recorded. 感光版,在其上能記錄攝影圖像的一片感光玻璃或金屬 Pitchblende: A massive variety of the mineral uraninite . 瀝青鈾礦,鈾礦的一種,Love Is a Fallacy,From para61112. the narrators reaction to Espy : with a heavy heart-gently-hid his exasperation-fight off a wave of despair-sigh deeply-consult my watch-keep from screaming-test

60、ily-coldly Para120 pshaw interj. Used to indicate impatience, irritation, disapproval, or disbelief. 哼，啐, 用來表示不耐煩，生氣，反對或懷疑,Love Is a Fallacy,Para122 She said with an airy wave of her hand: She waved her hand in a gay manner. This showed that she was pleased with the praise she received. Para123 1. O