中考賓語從句詳解和練習題

1、賓語從句一、賓語從句的定義：賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。Iknowhim.Iknowwhoheis .主語謂語賓語主語謂語連詞從句主語從句謂語主句賓語從句賓語 :位于謂語動詞或者介詞后：I know him.Do you have the time?I think (that) she is beautiful.Why don t you pay attention to me?賓語從句的概念：從句在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞、形容詞之后。We know Mr Green teaches English

2、.She asked if these answers were right.二、賓語從句分類:根據(jù)引導賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類:1. 由 that 引導 的賓語從句。 That 只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.that 的省略：e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borro

3、wed it.注意： 當主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that,其他不能省略。egI believe （ that） you have done your best and that things will get better 2. 由連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which 和連接副詞 when, where, why, how 引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwritin

4、g was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don t know why the train is late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引導的賓語從句。 if/ whether “是否”，說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在 ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑問不確定意義的詞之后；從句句意完整，不缺成分。I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us .1Ask him whether (if)

5、 he can come .I wonder whether it is going to rain or not.Could you tell me whether(if) Mr Li lives here ?只用 whether 的情況：1. 在引導主語從句、表語從句、引導同位語從句時：主語從句 : Whether it is true remains a question.Whether he is right or wrong is a question.表語從句： The question is whether it is true .(為了強調(diào)賓語部分，也可把從句提在主句前。Whe

6、ther he will come I am not sure. ）The question whether he will accept it confuses us.2. 用在動詞不定式之前時(whether to do sth.)：They asked me whether to go skating.I don t know whether to go there at once.3.當與 or not 連用，或or 提出兩種選擇時:I don t know whether he s free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homew

7、ork or not.Tell me whether you d like to go shopping or tidy the room.4. 在介詞或 discuss 后面：I m thinking of whether we should go fishing.We discussed whether we should close the shop.注意：只能用 if 不能用 whether 的情況1.引導條件狀語從句If he runs fast, he ll get there on time.I ll go to see you if I have time.2.引導否定的賓語從

8、句Tell me if it is not going to rain, please.if / whether 用法巧記 :兩個“是否”并不難，一般情況可代換。下列情況用 whether, 主表不定式 or (not) 。作為討論介詞賓 , 此時 if 不可跟。還有一點也得編，whether 從句可提前。引導條件表“如果”，再也不可用whether。 賓語從句若否定， whether 一詞不可用。練習：選擇 if / whether 。1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2. We re worried about _ he is safe.3.I wonder _

9、 he is well.4. I don t know _ or not he is well.5.I don t know _ to go.三、賓語從句的語序：賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：主句+連接詞 +主語 +謂語 +其他成分；即：助動詞不能放在主語前面。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.注：當從句的原句為以下句子以及what, who 作主語時，語序不變：2What s wrong?What s the matter?What s happenin

10、g?Who is over there ？I don t know what s the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?Can you tell me who he is ?注意：否定前移若主句謂語動詞為think, guess，imagine ，suppose,believe 等其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式；其反意疑問句，疑問從句。主句是 I/We think/suppose/guess/believe 等時，從句中的否定習慣上要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。如：我認為雞不會游泳。誤： I think To

11、m can not swim.正： I don t think Tom can swim.此外， 上述情況在變成反意疑問句時，附加疑問句要看從句，如果主句的主語不是第一人稱，則附加疑問句要看主句。試比較：I think he is wrong, isn t he?He thinks he is right, doesn t he?(1) I dontthink he is right,_?A. isn t heB.is heC.do ID. don t I(2). He believes she is right, _?A.doesntheB.does heC.is sheD. isn t s

12、he否定前移及反意疑問句形式巧記法：我認為猜想有假不可信，提問賓從構(gòu)反問。從句若表否定意，否定詞語要前移。I dont think this dress fits you well, does it?我認為這件衣服不適合你穿,是嗎？I dont believe you will finish the work today， will you?我認為你今天無法完成工作, 是嗎？四、時態(tài)1.主句用現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句可用任何時態(tài)，根據(jù)實際情況而定。I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago .I have heard that

13、he will come tomorrow .2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時），從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應的過去的某種時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）I knew who lived there.I saw she was talking with her mother.He asked whether his father would come back the next day.He said that he had seen the movie .3. 從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象時，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。Dad told us that it

14、 is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.3He told me the earth moves around the sun.練習：Mr. Li told me the sun rises in the east.1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3. I hear they_ (return) it already.4. He said tha

15、t they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)賓語從句巧記法：賓語從句要注意，時態(tài)引導詞和語序。1. 時態(tài)問題時態(tài)問題看主句，現(xiàn)在時態(tài)可隨意。過去時態(tài)用過去，客觀情況要注意，主過從現(xiàn)要切記。2. 引導詞問題引導詞, 并不難，主句含義最關鍵。主表肯定意完整，that 常用也可省。主表疑問不確定，另類詞, 要使用。從句句意若完整，if/whether 不可省。從句若是缺成分，特殊(疑 )問詞來過問。3. 語序問題還有一項是語序，陳述

16、語序要切記。如何對它來判斷，助動莫放主語前重點：1.從句中的語序為陳述語序；Do you know how old is she? ( 應改為： how old she is)2.從句中的時態(tài)與主句時態(tài)前后呼應。She didnt tell me when she will come. ( 應改為： when she would come)3.轉(zhuǎn)換：由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句可用疑問代詞和疑問副詞動詞不定式替代，進行句型上的轉(zhuǎn)換。I ve no idea what we re going to do next. = I ve no idea what to do next.Could

17、you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the postoffice?難點： 1.賓語從句中的It可運用形式賓語it 代替的賓語從句動詞 find,feel,consider,make,believe 等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it 做形式賓語而將 that 賓語從句后置 .4I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .I feel it a pity that I haven t

18、been to the get-together. 我沒去聚會 ,感覺非常遺憾 .I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.I think it no use crying.有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加itI hate it when they are with their mouths full of food.Please see to it that the door is closedDont take it for granted that we help you.I would appreciate it if you coul

19、d help me.(1).I find _ important that we practice English every day.A. itB. thisC. thatD. what(2). You can t imagine _when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were how excited2.賓語從句中的虛擬1)suggest,order,insist, propose,賓語從句表示的是一種虛

20、擬語氣，sb. (should )do.He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.3.wish 接虛擬I wish I were you.I wish I hadnt known you.I wish I could go ab

21、road one day.3) 在句型 It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . 中， that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： (should) + 動詞原形，如：Its necessary that we should have a walk now.我們有必要出去散散步。Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我們要照顧好病人。鞏固練習：()1. Coul

22、d you show me _ ?A. how can I get to the stationB. where is the stationC. how I could get to the stationD. how I can reach the station()2. Please tell me _.5A. what does he likeB. what he does likeC. what he likesD. what he like()3. My sister told him _ .A. what day was itB. when the train arrivedC.

23、 who she was waitingD. where did you live()4. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ .A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is()5. Could you tell me how long _ ?A. you have bought the watchB. you have kept this science bookC. have you been away from ChinaD. have you been a member of

24、Greener China()6. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing .A.will rain, wont goB.rained, wasnt goC.rains, wont goD.rain, will go()7.The young man asked _ its summer or winter.A. ifB. thatC. weatherD. whether()8. We dont know _ they did it .A. howB. whoC. whatD. which()9. The teacher asks us _ J

25、im can come back on time tomorrow .A. thatB. ifC. whenD. what time()10. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not .A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that()11.- Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear_ I said? David?- Yes, MumA. whatB. thatC. whyD. If()12.The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in.A. whichB. whereC. ifD. That()13.There is not much difference between the two. I really don t know