高中英語 Module 1 British and American English Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module教學案 外研版必修5

1、Module 1 British and American English Section Other Parts of the Module原文呈現(xiàn)讀文清障The Man Who Made Spelling SimpleIn English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound. So people say/raIt/but spell it right, or write, or even rite. Combinations of letters (like ough) may be pronounced in

2、 a number of ways. And some words just seem to have too many letters.For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778. As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and he fe

3、lt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive“American” look.not always并不總是，表示部分否定。represent vt.代表；描寫combination/kmbIneIn/n.組合；結合in a number of ways以多種方式a little bit稍微thanks to幸虧，多虧graduate from畢業(yè)于a teacher是Noah Webster的同位語，who引導定語從句，修飾a teacher。as a young

4、man年輕時，注意as不要直譯為“作為”。fight against與作斗爭；為反對而斗爭fight for為而斗爭distinctive/dIstIktIv/adj.與眾不同的look/lk/n.外觀；外表；樣子用作復數(shù)時，意為“相貌”。簡化拼寫的人第12段譯文在英語中單詞的拼寫并不總是代表其發(fā)音。所以人們說/raIt/，但是拼寫成right或write，甚至rite。字母的組合(如ough)可能有很多發(fā)音方式，并且一些單詞看上去有太多的字母。對美國人來說，事情(單詞拼寫)稍微容易些，這多虧了一位叫諾亞韋伯斯特的人，他是一位1778年畢業(yè)于耶魯大學的教師。年輕時，他就參加過反對英國的美國獨立

5、戰(zhàn)爭，并且他覺得書面英語在新獨立的美國應該有明顯的“美國”特色。So he began his work on American English. His first book, TheElementarySpellingBook, suggestedsimplifying the spelling of English words. The book was extremely popular. By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school boo

6、ks ever.Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted. Center instead of centre, program instead of programme, and flavor instead of flavour. Others, however, such as removing silent letters like the s in island or the final e in examine, were not.Webster is best known for his AmericanDictionaryofthe

7、EnglishLanguage, which first appeared in 1828. It introduced lots of new American words, with information about their pronunciation and use, and, of course, the new spelling. The British criticised the dictionary, but it quickly became a standardreference book in the States. Today, Websters dictiona

8、ry is still the number one dictionary for American students.suggest doing .建議做simplify/sImplIfaI/vt.簡化extremely adv.尤其，非?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語在此處作結果狀語。ever與最高級連用，意為“空前，有史以來”；與比較級連用，意為“曾經(jīng)，以往任何時候”，用來加強語氣。adopt vt.采用，采納；領養(yǎng)注意形似詞adapt，意為“使適應，改編”。silent letters不發(fā)音的字母be best known for因而最著名原級：be well known forwhich引導非限制性定

9、語從句，修飾先行詞AmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLroduce vt.引進pronunciation n發(fā)音， pronounce v發(fā)音criticise/krItIsaIz/vt.批評criticise sb. for sth.因某事批評某人standard/stndd/adj.標準的reference/refrns/n.參考；查閱a reference book參考書第35段譯文因此他開始了美式英語的工作。他的第一本書，TheElementarySpellingBook，建議簡化英語單詞的拼寫。這本書非常受歡迎。到19世紀50年代，每年

10、售出100萬冊，結果使它成為史上最受歡迎的校園用書之一。許多建議很快被采納了。center代替了centre， program代替了programme， flavor代替了flavour。然而，其他的，例如去掉island中不發(fā)音的字母s和examine中的最后一個字母e，則沒有被采納。韋伯斯特最出名的是他的AmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage，這本詞典在1828年首次出版。書中引進了大量新的美式單詞，且?guī)в兴鼈兊陌l(fā)音和用法，當然也有新的拼寫方式。英國人批評該詞典，但是在美國它卻很快成為標準的參考書。今天，韋伯斯特的詞典對于美國學生來說依然是頭號重要的詞

11、典。Read the passage The Man Who Made Spelling Simple and choose the best answers.1What is Webster best known for?ATheElementarySpellingBook.BFighting against the British.CSimplifying some English words.DAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.2Why did Noah Webster begin his work on American English?AB

12、ecause he graduated from Yale University.BBecause he fought against the French as a young man.CBecause he thought written English in the new country should have a distinctive “American” look.DBecause the newly independent country had no written English.3Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the

13、 text?AWebster was a teacher.BHe fought against the British.CHe wrote TheElementarySpellingBook.DHe led the American War of Independence.4Which of the following is NOT true?ABritish spelling seems simpler than American spelling.BWebster graduated from Yale University.CAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishL

14、anguage first appeared in 1828.DAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage is still of great use.答案：14DCDA一、這樣記單詞記得準寫得對記得快記得多.基礎詞匯1.rapidlyadv.迅速地2.editionn. (廣播、電視節(jié)目的)期；版3.cuteadj. 逗人喜愛的4.presentvt. 陳述；提出(觀點、計劃等)5.attemptn. 努力；嘗試6.distinctiveadj. 與眾不同的7.lookn. 外觀；外表；樣子.拓展詞匯1.announcementn聲明；宣告announce

15、vt.宣布；宣告2.addvt.加；增加addition n增添；添加3.simplifyvt.簡化simple adj.簡單的4.combinationn組合；結合combine v使結合5.referencen參考；查閱refer v參考；查閱1.rapidly adv.迅速地同義quickly adv.迅速地，很快地fast adj.迅速的，快速的adv.迅速地directly adv.直接地；立即；馬上swiftly adv.很快地2. edition n(廣播、電視節(jié)目的)期；版記法詞根edit(編輯)tion(名詞后綴)聯(lián)想盤點后綴tion名詞situation情況；形勢；處境st

16、arvation餓死；挨餓operation手術 reaction反應，感應3.distinctive adj.與眾不同的聯(lián)想后綴tive形容詞薈萃attractive吸引人的 creative有創(chuàng)造性的active活躍的 instructive有教育意義的二、這樣記短語記牢固定短語多積常用詞塊1.on the air 正在廣播2.get used to習慣于3.so far 迄今為止4.a couple of 兩三個5.pick up(偶然)學會；撿起；搭載6.wear off磨損；慢慢消失7.belong to屬于8.in favour of 同意；支持9.refer to .as . 稱

17、為10.thanks to由于；幸虧，多虧1.as you know正如你所知道的2.give your views on the subject 說明你對這個話題的觀點3.most native speakers of English 大多數(shù)以英語為母語的人4.communicate with nonnative speakers as well as native speakers和非本地人交流，同樣也和本地人交流5.varieties of Chinese 漢語的變體6.one fifth of the worlds population 世界人口的五分之一7.a little bit

18、easier 稍微容易些8.a standard reference book 一本標準的參考書三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.As you know, every week on this programme we discuss an aspect of the way we live now . 正如大家所知道的，本欄目每個星期都要討論我們現(xiàn)在生活的一個方面當the way作先行詞且在從句中作狀語時，定語從句可以用that/in which或省略關系詞。You should pass the ball the_way_(that/_in_which)_I_did_it. 你應該像我那

19、樣去傳球。2.Im getting on just fine, now that I understand the local accent. 由于我懂得了當?shù)胤窖?，所以一切都很順利。now that意為“既然”，引導原因狀語從句。Now_that_you_have_grown_up,_you should not rely on your parents. 既然你已經(jīng)長大了，就不應該依賴父母了。3.By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school bo

20、oks ever.到19世紀50年代，每年售出100萬冊，結果使它成為史上最受歡迎的校園用書之一?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語。A violence happened in Syria, killing_many_people. 敘利亞發(fā)生了暴力沖突，死了許多人。1(教材P7)If Callum picked up the local accent he started to use it.如果凱勒姆學會當?shù)乜谝簦蜁_始使用它。pick up 學會；開車(接某人)；接收(節(jié)目、信號)；買到某物(尤指廉價或運氣好)；改進，好轉；撿起，舉起寫出下列句中pick up的含義You will soon

21、pick up after a day or two in bed.好轉When living in England, he picked up some English.學會You can pick up BBC News with a shortwave radio.接收We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.開車(接某人)We managed to pick up a few bargains at the auction.買到某物名師點津常見的“動詞up”型短語還有：put up修建，舉起，張貼go up上升，

22、上漲turn up出現(xiàn)，把聲音調大 take up占據(jù)give up放棄2(教材P8)Now add some more ideas in favour of your chosen variety.現(xiàn)在再補充一些觀點來支持你所選擇的種類。add vt.加；增加；補充說add . to .在中加上add to 增加；增添add up 加起來add up to 總計，總共有“I quite agree to your plan.” he added.他補充說：“我十分同意你的計劃?！盩he bad weather only added_to our difficulties.惡劣的天氣更增加了我

23、們的困難。Will you add more sugar to the coffee?咖啡里你需要再加些糖嗎？He added_up those numbers and they added_up_to 5,050.他把那些數(shù)字加起來，它們合計為5 050。in favour of 同意；支持幫某人一個忙請求某人幫忙in sb.s favour 有利于某人Are you in favour of his opinion that British English will disappear?你贊成他的英式英語會消失的觀點嗎？Could you do_me_a_favour and turn o

24、ff that light?請您幫忙把那盞燈關掉好嗎？The new policies are in the peasants favour.新政策對農(nóng)民有利。名師點津類似in favour of的“in名詞of”結構的短語還有：in place of代替in charge of負責，管理in case of萬一 in need of需要in face of面對，面臨 in search of 尋找3(教材P8)Present your ideas to the rest of the class.向班里其他同學陳述你的想法。present(1)vt.陳述；提出(觀點、計劃等)；贈給prese

25、nt sth. to sb.向某人提出/陳述某事；向某人頒發(fā)某物present sb. with sth. 向某人頒發(fā)/贈送某物Some girl students presented the foreign visitors with flowers/presented flowers to the foreign visitors as soon as they arrived.這些外國參觀者一到達，一些女學生就向他們贈送了鮮花。(2)adj.the present day/situation現(xiàn)在/現(xiàn)狀at the present time 目前be present at 出席，到場The

26、 practice has continued from medieval times to the_present_day.這種做法從中世紀時期一直延續(xù)至今。(3)n.禮物；目前for the present就目前來說，暫時up to the present 直到現(xiàn)在at present 目前，現(xiàn)在Ive got enough money for_the_present,_but I must go to the bank tomorrow.我的錢暫時還夠用，但我明天必須去銀行。Im sorry hes out at_present.很抱歉他這會兒不在。語境串記The boss was no

27、t satisfied with the present plan, so he asked the engineers present at the meeting to present a new one in a day.老板對當前的計劃不滿意，所以他要求出席會議的工程師們在一天之內提出一個新的計劃。4(教材P8)The Chinese refer to their language as Han, as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty.中國人把自己的語言稱為漢語，是因為該語言早在漢朝就在人們中流行了。r

28、efer to . as .稱為refer to參考，查閱；提到，涉及；與相關reference n. 提及，談到；參考；查閱for quick/easy/further reference以便快速/容易/日后查閱reference book 參考書People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”那些在辦公室工作的人被稱為“白領工人”。We all agreed never to refer_to_the_matter again.我們一致同意永遠不再提這件事。A vocabulary in

29、dex is included for_easy_reference.附有詞匯索引以便查閱。名師點津我們還學過以下表示“把看做/稱為”的短語：regard . as, look on . as, treat . as, think of . as, consider . as。5(教材P9)Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese?你能找出韋伯斯特的工作同簡化漢語的嘗試之間的相同點嗎？attempt n努力；嘗試 vt.試圖，企圖；嘗試make an attempt t

30、o do/at doing sth.試圖做某事at ones/the first attempt 某人第一次嘗試attempt to do sth. 嘗試做某事attempted adj. 未遂的，企圖的She made an attempt to get/at getting them on the telephone, but nobody was home.她試著與他們取得電話聯(lián)系， 但家里沒有人。He was as proud as a peacock when he passed his driving test at_his/the_first_attempt.當在第一次嘗試中通過

31、駕照考試時，他得意洋洋。I attempted to_speak (speak) but was told to be quiet.我試圖講話，卻被告知保持安靜。He was charged with attempted (attempt) robbery.他被指控犯有搶劫未遂罪。辨析比較attempt, manageattempt表示試圖做某事，但不一定有結果，與try同義，但比try正式manage表示設法成功做成某事選用以上單詞填空They attempted to climb the steepest part of the mountain, but failed. They did

32、nt lose heart and tried again. At last, they managed to get to the top of the mountain.6(教材P9)For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778.對美國人來說，事情(單詞拼寫)稍微容易些，這多虧了一位叫諾亞韋伯斯特的人，他是一位1778年畢業(yè)于耶魯大學的教師。thanks to幸虧，多虧

33、(多作狀語)；由于Thanks to the timely help, many lucky people survived the earthquake.多虧了及時的幫助，很多幸運的人得以在地震中幸存下來。Thanks_to the disease, I have the opportunity to improve my character.由于疾病，我有機會磨煉自己的意志。名師點津thanks to表原因時暗含“感激”之意，其中to是介詞。常見的其他表“原因”的短語：because of因為，由于due to 因為，由于(作表語或狀語)owing to 因為，由于(作狀語)as a re

34、sult of 由于on account of 由于He had to retire because_of ill health.他因為健康問題不得不退休。Our delay was due_to the heavy traffic.我們的延誤是因為交通擁堵。1As you know, every week on this programme we discuss an aspect of the way we live now, and todays topic is the language we speak English.正如大家所知道的，本欄目每個星期都要討論我們現(xiàn)在生活的一個方面，

35、今天的話題是我們所說的語言英語。本句中the way后接定語從句，省略了引導詞that。此時that為關系副詞，相當于in which，在從句中作方式狀語。(1)way表示“方式；方法”時，其后常接in which或that引導的定語從句，也可以將關系詞in which或that省略掉，此時關系詞在從句中作狀語。No one likes the way (that/in which) he treats the child.沒人喜歡他對待那個孩子的方式。(2)way后接定語從句時，如果關系詞在從句中作主語或賓語則用關系代詞that/which，作賓語時還可以省略。The way that/wh

36、ich came up at the meeting was unpractical.在會議上提出的方法不切實際。(3)way表示“方式，方法”時，其后還可接不定式或“ofdoing sth.”的形式。Can you show us the way to keep apples?Can you show us the_way_of_keeping apples?你能教我們保存蘋果的方法嗎？2By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books e

37、ver.到19世紀50年代，每年售出100萬冊，結果使它成為史上最受歡迎的校園用書之一。(1)句中making it one of the most popular school books ever為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語，是由上文的原因推出的一個必然結果。By 1820, the population of New York had grown to about 125,000, making it the largest city in the USA.到1820年，紐約的人口增長到大約125 000人，使它成為美國最大的城市。She left the room so hurriedly

38、, leaving (leave) the lights on for the whole night.她離開房間時太匆忙了，結果(忘了關燈而)讓燈亮了整整一個晚上。(2)表示結果的現(xiàn)在分詞短語通常放在句子的后面，其前常用逗號隔開，分詞短語前有時可加上副詞thus或therefore (因而，因此)。Carbon burns in oxygen or air, thus forming carbon dioxide.碳在氧氣或空氣中燃燒，這樣就形成了二氧化碳。名師點津 現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語，表示自然而然、順理成章的結果；而動詞不定式作結果狀語，表示出乎意料的結果，有時為了加強語氣，還在其前面加o

39、nly。He hurried to the booking office, only to_be_told (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.他匆匆去了售票處，卻被告知票已售完。.單句語法填空1I attempted to persuade him to change his mind, but failed at the first attempt.2Heres a tip I picked up from my mother.3He dropped the glass on the ground, breaking (break)

40、it into pieces.4The American Indians referred to salt as “magic white sand”5Im all in favour of equal pay for equal work.6His whole school education added up to no more than one year.完成句子 1He picked_up_a_wallet on the way to picking_up_his_daughter yesterday.昨天他在接他女兒的路上撿到一個錢包。2Please add_up_the_numb

41、ers and Im sure they will add_up_to_more_than_2,000.請把這些數(shù)字加起來，我相信總數(shù)將會超過2 000。3Its reported that thirty people were_present_at_the_meeting yesterday.據(jù)報道，昨天有30人出席了會議。4It was silly of him to_refer_to_his_notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.他在那次重要測試中查閱筆記是非常愚蠢的，結果他受到了懲罰。5It

42、 was thanks_to_Jennys_timely_help that we accomplished the task on time.正是由于珍妮的及時幫助，我們才按時完成了任務。6What really matters at a debate is not what you say but the_way_(that/in_which)_you_say_it.在辯論中重要的不是你說了什么而是你說話的方式。一、全練語言點，基穩(wěn)才能樓高本課語言點針對練習.單詞拼寫1The little girl is so cute (逗人喜愛的) that everyone likes her.2S

43、he has a very distinctive (與眾不同的) way of walking.3A new chapter is included in the second edition (版)4We would like to present (提出) some suggestions which will help settle the question.5After repeated attempts (嘗試) they finally succeeded.6Try to simplify (簡化) your explanation for the children.7Gener

44、ations of students have learnt to repeat the standard (標準的) explanations.8He carried on the business in combination (聯(lián)合) with his friends.9He criticised (批評) me for failing to complete the work on time.10The library contains a large number of foreign language reference (參考) books.單句改錯1Its surprising

45、 that your brother picked out Russian so quickly he hasnt lived there very long.outup2Youd better add up to your scores and see if you have passed the exam.去掉to3A new stadium is being built in present in our city. Work on it will complete in another two months.第一個inat4If you come across an unknown E

46、nglish word, you can refer with your edictionary to find its meaning.withto5Thank to your help, I got the first in the finalterm English examination.ThankThanks6The bell indicated the end of the period rang, interrupted our heated erruptedinterrupting.選詞填空in favour of， belong to， thank

47、s to， get used to， wear off， add .to， pick up， standard 1Are you in_favour_of the proposal he put forward yesterday?2Thanks_to his advice, I won the first prize in the competition.3The questions in the tests are more and more flexible, and many of them dont have standard answers.4Davids health picke

48、d_up soon after a few days rest.5It took them almost a month to get_used_to the new school life.6The house belonging_to my uncle is big and bright.7The pain is slowly wearing_off and he could walk around with the help of a stick.8Why does a ship need some water to be added_to when it is unloaded?本單元

49、語言點溫故練習.單句語法填空1They find it very difficult to finish their work in two days.2My friend suggested that I (should)_make (make) more efforts to improve my oral English.3The shocked (shock) look on her face suggested that she couldnt believe what her manager said.4Hes giving her French lessons in exchan

50、ge for her teaching him English.5Natural disasters have obviously (obvious) contributed to the continents economic crisis.6Its a headache trying to get around in a strange town. I will just take a taxi and avoid all the trouble.7Unless some extra money is_found (find), the theatre will close.8The wa

51、ter supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers are_repairing (repair) one of the main pipes.完成句子1As we all know, the earth travels_around_the_sun.眾所周知，地球繞著太陽轉。2She is always helping_other_people.她總是幫助別人。3The students will_have_five_English_classes per week this term.本學期學生每周要上五節(jié)英語課。4Jim

52、is_going_to_be_a_scientist when he grows up.吉姆長大后要當科學家。5I was_about_to_go_to_have_dinner when he called me up.我正要去吃飯，這時他給我打電話。6So far, the disease has_not_been_so_terrible as it seems to be.到目前為止，這種疾病沒有它看起來那么糟糕。7Any change in lifestyle will make_a_difference_to_your_health.生活方式的任何變化都會影響你的健康。8Though

53、he came from a family similar_to_mine,_we have little similarity in taste.雖然他和我來自相似的家庭，但我們的嗜好沒有相似之處。二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧.閱讀理解More and more students are going abroad for their further study. Do you want to know some famous colleges and universities? Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all

54、 the colleges and universities in the United States. Yale University, Princeton University, Columbia University and Dartmouth College were opened soon after Harvard University.In the early years, these schools were much alike. Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subject

55、s, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world.When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.In 1782, Harvard University started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard Universitys law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard University began teaching modern languages, such as French