中西文化之鑒

1、An idiom w w What really binds men together is their culture- the ideas and the standards they have in common. R. Benedict Learning objectives : In this chapter, students will learn how to: w Understand the definitions of culture. wDescribe the characteristics of culture. w cultural identity. w Cult

2、ures within culture The Nature of Culture w Think about the following similes and metaphors, how do you think culture is related to the references? w 1. Culture is like an iceberg. w 2. Culture is our software. w 3. Culture is like the water a fish swims in. w 4. Culture is the grammar of our behavi

3、or. 1. Culture Is Like An Iceberg art、literature、 music、dance。 language、game、 cooking、clothes 謙虛的概念、審美觀、教育子女的理念、 對(duì)后代的規(guī)范、宇宙觀、與動(dòng)物的關(guān)系、上下級(jí)的關(guān)系模式、 如何定義罪孽、求愛(ài)的方式、公平的概念、工作的動(dòng)機(jī)、 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的概念、工作的速度、集體決策的模式、潔凈的概念、 對(duì)于獨(dú)立的態(tài)度、疾病的理論、解決問(wèn)題的方法、對(duì)于地位穩(wěn)定性的 理解、眼神交流、與年齡、性別、階層、職業(yè)、親情等有關(guān)的角色認(rèn) 識(shí)、對(duì)于不安全的定義、友誼的本質(zhì)、對(duì)于“自我”的定義、視覺(jué)感 知模式、肢體語(yǔ)言、面部表情

4、、對(duì)于邏輯和效度的理解、處理情感的 方式、不同社會(huì)情景下交談模式、對(duì)于過(guò)去和未來(lái)的看待方式、對(duì)于 時(shí)間的安排、對(duì)于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或合作的喜好、社交比率、青春期的概念、對(duì) 于空間的利用等。 2. Culture Is Our Software 3. Culture Is Like the Water a Fish Swims In 4. Culture Is the Grammar of Our Behavior The Nature of Culture: Culture is like. G_ _ S_ _ I_ W_ CULTURE IS: We define culture as “the dep

5、osit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.” w Activity: Translation w

6、wActivity: Key words wFind out the key words from the definitions above. wKey words: The Characteristics of Culture 1. Culture Is Learned 2. Culture Is shared view 3. Culture Is Pervasive w Like the air we breathe, culture penetrates into every aspect of our life and influences the way we think, the

7、 way we talk, and the way we behave. 4. Culture Is Integrated/coherent w We sometimes break down and isolate various parts of culture and talk about them as if they are separate parts. However, in reality, culture functions as an integrated whole and it is systemic. 5. Culture Is dynamic w History a

8、bounds with examples of how cultures have changed because of laws, natural disasters, wars, or other calamities. CONCLUSION: CULTURE IS A MANS SECOND NATURE A WAY OF OVERCOMING VULNERABILITY ACQUIRED THROUGH SOCIALIZATION THUS, MAN IS THE PRODUCER OF CULTURE AND THE PRODUCT OF CULTURE w Susan : Mrs

9、Zhang,come to New York if you like. w Husband: _ w Mother:不去了，給你們添麻煩。 w Husband : _ w Susan: Yes, oh thanks for your delicious food, I like them very much. w Husband :_ w Mother : 自家人謝什么，蘇珊，你以后可不要再瘦身 了，身體健康才最重要哪！ w Husband : _ w Susan: Thank you! The same to you. w Husband : _- w Mother :啊，謝謝，謝謝！ w

10、Susan : Mrs Zhang, come to New York if you like. w Husband: 媽媽，您可一定要來(lái)紐約看看. w Mother:不去了，給你們添麻煩。 w Husband : Oh, it depends on the physical condition. w Susan: Yes, oh thanks for your delicious food, I like them very much. w Husband :謝謝媽媽給我們做那么多好吃的 w Mother :自家人謝什么，蘇珊，你以后可不要再瘦身 了，身體健康才最重要哪！ w Husband

11、 : Its my pleasure. Susan, I Hope you become even more beautiful. w Susan: Thank you! The same to you. w Husband : 謝謝媽媽,我祝您身體健康 w Mother :啊，謝謝，謝謝！ Three Distinct Dimensions of Ones Identity Private (what I think of myself) Public (what other people think of me) Collective (what specific groups of pe

12、ople think of me) CULTURAL IDENTITY Cultural identity refers to ones sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. People consciously identify themselves with a group that has a shared system of symbols and meanings as well as norms for conduct. Cultural Identity The Functions of Cultu

13、ral Identity A sense of a common past A sense of a shared destiny A sense of belonging A sense of their own uniqueness as people A sense of psychological security Case-analysis: A Black Girls Identity (1) How was the girls cultural identity developed? (2) What did the other two Black girls mean by c

14、hocolate milk? (3) How do you think the other two Black girls recognize their cultural identity? DOMINANT CULTURE AND SUBCULTURE/CO- CULTURE wCulture is subdivided into dominant culture, mainstream culture, and subculture(s), which coexist within each culture. Today the tendency is to say co-culture

15、 and sub-groups to avoid prejudice. Cultures Within Culture w peculiar expressions or behaviors of teachers, lawyers, doctors, policemen and sportsmen. Are they subcultures or subgroups? The Nature of Culture w Think about the following similes and metaphors, how do you think culture is related to t

16、he references? w 1. Culture is like an iceberg. w 2. Culture is our software. w 3. Culture is like the water a fish swims in. w 4. Culture is the grammar of our behavior. 3. Culture Is Like the Water a Fish Swims In 4. Culture Is the Grammar of Our Behavior The Nature of Culture: Culture is like. G_ _ S_ _ I_ W_ The Characteristics of Culture Three Distinct Dimensions of Ones Identity Private (what I think of myself) Public (what other people think of me) Collective (what specific groups of people think of