北京市2020年高三英語一模試卷d

1、 高 三 統(tǒng) 一 測 試英 語本試卷共11 頁，120 分。考試時長100 分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢笇懺诖痤}卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45 分）第一節(jié) 語法填空（共 10 小題；每小題 1.5 分，共 15 分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1 個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。athe international day of families, which was started by the united nations in 19193, (hold)on may 1

2、5 every year. the day celebrates thepeoples understanding of issues 3 are related to families. with a different theme eachyear, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national andinternational 4 (level).2 (important) of families. it aims to deepenbfor thousands

3、of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. in chinaduring the shang dynasty, people5(record) weather forecasts on animal bonesgreece, the philosopher, aristotle wroteand tortoise shells. centuries later, 6his theories about how weather conditions formed. weather forecasting advanced o

4、ver time,with more and more instruments used to measure temperature, humidity and air pressure. today,satellite data and computer technology help scientists predict the weather mor(epr7ecise).clast year, china started testing 5g mobile networks in several cities. the hongkou districtof shanghai was

5、the first to operate a 5g network. to test the network, wu qing, vice mayor ofshanghai, made a phone call 8 (use) a huawei matex, huaweis first 5g smartphone.according to the telegrap,h“5g is the innovation that 9(shape) all our lives for yearsto come.” it is 10 (fast) and more stable than 4g, the p

6、revious generation of cellular ( 蜂窩狀的) network technology.第二節(jié) 完形填空（共 20 小題；每小題 1.5 分，共 30 分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 a、b、c、d 四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。1 it was late, about 10:15 p.m., when janice esposito arrived at the bellport train station; shejumped into her honda odyssey and began the 20-minute drive

7、 home to her husband and seven-year-old son. shed just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the routemany times before. she practically 11 on autopilot: a left onto station road, thena left on montauk highway, and thenwham! out of nowhere a car t-boned espositosminivan, 12 her to move

8、backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. she 13in the minivan, bruised 撞( 傷 ) but mostly just knocked out by the14and the airbags.as it happened, pete dipinto was getting ready for 15. hed just closed his bookand was getting under the covers when he heard the sound of metal on metal and brea

9、king glasscoming from not far outside his bedroom window. a volunteer 16 and retired teacher, dipinto,64, never17to think. he grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas ( 睡衣),ran out the door. “any firefighter would have done what i did ,” he told newsday. “were alwayson 18 .”the first c

10、ar he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had19 esposito.once dipinto concluded the driver was ok, he looked around andminivan positioned on the the railroad tracks. and then he heard a terrible sound: the bellssignaling an oncoming 2120espositos.“the gates were starting to c

11、ome down,” he told newsday. “i see the headlight of the train.”dipinto ran quickly to espositos minivan and knocked on the drivers side window. she 22looked at him, her eyes unfocused. “i dont know where i am,” she said. she seemed unhurt.“honey, youre on the railroad 23 ,” dipinto shouted. “we have

12、 to get you off right now!”he pulled hard on the 24 , but the door was crashed in and 25 . the heavy diesel train,traveling at 65 miles per hour, was moving fast toward them. dipinto ran to the passenger side andthrew open the 26deflating ( 癟 了 的 ) airbags, grabbed espositos arms, and 28 her toward

13、him across thepassenger seat until he could help her out and quickly get her to 29 behind a signal box a few. “please, dont let her be27,” he thought. he pushed aside thefeet away. within six seconds, he estimated, the train crashed into the minivan. “it was like ahollywood movie,” dipinto told repo

14、rters the next day.but this one had a twist. “l(fā)ast night,” south country ambulance chief greg miglino toldcbs new york, “the 30 arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck.”2 11. a. drove12. a. allowing13. a. satb. walkedb. forcingb. stoodb. noiseb. workc. roded. hikedc. orderingc. hidd. remindingd. wai

15、tedd. bomb14. a. action15. a. class16. a. doctor17 a. stopped18. a. dutyc. impactc. dinnerc. firefighterc. intendedc. targetc. hitd. bedb. driverb. troubledb. timed. engineerd. wantedd. scheduled. followedd. predictedd. ambulanced. even19. a. warned20. a. observed21. a. trainb. caughtb. spottedb. tr

16、uckc. realizedc. car22. a. yetb. justc. still23. a. yards24. a. beltb. stationsb. keyc. bridgesc. belld. tracksd. handled. gone25. a. unlocked26. a. bagb. jammedb. doorc. openc. bookd. box27. a. scared28. a. carried29. a. return30. a. policeb. ignoredb. rushedb. workc. trappedc. guidedc. safetyc. re

17、porterd. defeatedd. pulledd. lifeb. actord. hero第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40 分）第一節(jié)（共 15 小題；每小題 2 分，共 30 分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c、d 四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。awhat it doesthe self-cleaning door handle is combining with advanced photocatalytic (光 催 化 ) andblacklight technology. a light source activates the doors handl

18、e coating, telling it to startcleaning. it can minimize the risk of infection by contact and improve the cleanliness of a space.how it worksthe working principle of the product is that a thin advanced photocatalytic coating caneffectively decompose bacteria ( 細 菌 ) on the surface of a substance. a c

19、onsistent uv lightsourceinside a transparent glass door handleis required to activate the doors handle coating3 on the outer surface for disinfection, so a generator is used to provide electricity to light up a uvled lamp by the motion of an opening and closing door. then, the door handle can clean

20、byitself.design processwe made the first version by using stainless steel. however, it caused the door handle to beheavier. then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix. we also improved thegenerator output which effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source.how it

21、 is differentour innovative design is simple, effective, and attractive. it has an elegant smooth shape,and its minimalist appearance stands out in todaywsorld of inventions. nowadays, people usechemical cleaning materials to clean up public areas but it harms the human body. our design canbe used f

22、or a long time and is effective. it can self-clean after each use. in the door lock and doorhandle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products.future plansin the future, we will commercialize the product and hope that it can compete on the marketwith similar products. we are

23、going to connect with public properties, for example, shoppingmalls, hotels, hospitals and public restrooms, where the risk of spreading infection is higher.awardsin addition to winning the james dyson award, it has also received the gold award, and in2016, it was featured in the 44thinternational g

24、eneva inventions exhibition.31. how does the self-cleaning door handle function?a. it controls the door movementautomatically.b. it minimizes the risk of infection by less contact.c. chemical cleaning materials are used to clean it up.d. the light source tells the door handle coating to clean itself

25、.32. compared with the first version of the product, the present one is.a. safer and cheaperb. cleaner and easierc. less heavy and more effectived. more attractive and expensive33. what do we know about the new invention according to the passage?a. it has been widely used in public areas.b. it has r

26、eceived recognition for its innovation.c. it is quite competitive among similar products.d. it will replace traditional chemical cleaning materials.4 bthis little south american magellanic penguin swims5,000 miles, to a beach in brazil, every year in order to besomething out of a fairy tale, but its

27、 true!71-year-old retired brick worker joao, who lives in anisland village just outside rio de janeiro, brazil, found the small magellanic penguin lying onrocks at his local beach in 2011. the penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast.joao rescued the penguin, naming it din, cleaned th

28、e oil off its feathers and fed him a daily dietof fish to rebuild its strength. after a week of recovery, joao attempted to release the penguinback into the wild. however, din had already formed a family bond with his rescuer andwouldnt leave.“he stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he

29、changed his coat with new feathers,he disappeared,” joao recalls. “i love the penguin like its my own child and i believe the penguinloves me,” joao told globo tv. “no one else is allowed to touch him. he pecks ( 啄) them if theydo. he lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed h

30、im.”professor krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for globo tv, told theindependent: “i have never seen anything like this before. i think the penguin believes joao ispart of his family and probably a penguin aswell.”however, environmentalists warn that, while hundreds of the magell

31、anic species are knownto naturally migrate (遷徙) thousands of miles north in search of food, there has been a worryingrise in the phenomenon of oceanic creatures washing up on brazils beaches. professor davidzee from rio de janeiros state university, said the increase is due in part to global climati

32、cchanges. professor zee added that sea animals face increased danger from leaked tanker oil.luckily the ending for joao and din has been a happy one, even though it is illegal in brazilto keep wild animals as pets.professor krajewski said: “professionals who work with animals try to avoid relationsh

33、ipslike this occurring so they are able to reintroduce the animal into the wild. but in this single casethe authorities allowed din to stay with joao because of his kindness.”34. every year din swims a long distance to a beach in brazil to.a. avoid being killedc. escape from ocean currents35. when d

34、in was found in 2011,a. he was dyingb. meet his rescuerd. find much more fish.b. he was running on the beachc. he was resting on a rockd. he was cleaning oil off his feathers5 36. what can we learn about joao from the passage?a. he is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities.b. he

35、 overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others.c. his contact with the penguin is encouraged by professionals.d. his kindness wins the penguins trust.37. the story in the passage mainly showsa. the environmental impact on wildlifeb. the love between humans and wildlife.c. the tendency of

36、wildlife to bond with humansd. the protection of threatened wildlife by mankindcstore owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumers into their stores andpurchasing their goods. even as we find new strategies to resist, neuroscientists (神經(jīng)科學家) areemployed at marketing agencies across the cou

37、ntry to best figure out what is going through aconsumers brain at each point in the decision process.we consumers overspend due to the fact that we have a fear of missing the really good dealor having to pay more for the same thing and lose money. normally, the prefrontal cortex (前 額皮 層 ) controls o

38、ur emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably bycalming down our fears. but an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displayingflashy deal signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buyingmore of something we dont actually need ye

39、t.nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong influencer during theholiday season, and its shaped by emotion. emotionwhether good or badenhances theformation of memories, engaging more parts of the brain. so hearing a nephew singing a carol,for instance, might reawaken mem

40、ories associated with that particular song in a much morepowerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song. these kinds of memories arebrought back even more easily by sensory input. this might be why we are often greeted by asensory reminder everywhere we go in a month.wherever you purch

41、ase gifts, there are social influences on what you buy as well. theholidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because we rebuying gifts. receiving a brand-name gift sends the message that “this person has spent more onme, so he or she must value me more.” and it

42、 makes sense. if two things seem pretty much the6 same, how do i know which to choose? humans have survived as a social species, and we haveto rely on each other. so when our brains are trying to make decisions, one of the shortcuts is toassume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and hig

43、her cost is often a predictor of that),then there must be a reason.much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases. plan ahead, resist the urgeto purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is actually good,then it will hold up to inspection and youll fe

44、el good about your purchases later. before youblow your budget this season, remember that your brain might be fooling you into that nextpurchase.38. from paragraph 2, we learn that.a. the prefrontal cortex is the calculation centerb. the common consumers always act unreasonablyc. the sight of flashy

45、 deal signs may fill consumers with feard. the advertisers make consumers pay more for the same thing39. according to paragraph 3, which of the following can work on consumers?a. creating a festival atmosphere.c. preparing more free samples.b. following the current fashion.d. offering a bigger disco

46、unt.40. why do we buy brand-name gifts during the holiday?a. they are more reliable.c. they make people feel valued.41. to avoid overspending, the author suggests wea. buy in the momentb. they are a sign of social status.d. they are favored by most people.b. reduce our budgetd. make a plan in advanc

47、ec. return unnecessary productsdthe impossible burger is entirely free of meat. but it looks, smells, feels andmostimportantlytastes so much like real hamburger beef. in fact, plant-based burger alternativeshave set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. the center for consumer freedom, ano

48、nprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an“informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. the campaign has included tv and onlineads, as well as print ads in newspapers. the ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burgertoo processed, but tha

49、t it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger.while its true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and its true that eating one is7 not as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables,its best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.for instance, the additives and preservative

50、s in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad suresound scary. who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化鈦) in their meal? but thetruth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packagedfoods. and if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant,

51、 its really nothing comparedwith salmonella (沙門菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. choosing an impossible or beyond burgerisnt just about eating healthy. burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein orprocessed meat, will never be as

52、 healthy as organic raw vegetables.whats appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste ofguilt.lets face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. cattle raising is contributingto climate change, and not just because methane ( 甲 烷 ) from cows and cat

53、tle is responsible forabout 14.5% of greenhouse gas. more broadly, our global food production system releases morethan a third of the worlds greenhouse gases. yet we cant seem to control our meat appetite evenknowing that large areas of the amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down

54、 tomake room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. humans also know full well thatmany animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods forhumans to enjoy at dinner.a plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smal

55、ler climatefootprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason impossible foods was one ofthose receiving the u.n. global climate action award in 2019. no wonder the meat industry ison guard.42. what does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 most probably mean?a. these ads deserve l

56、ittle consideration.b. we should spread the message of these ads.c. wedbetter be cautious when reading these ads.d. these ads tell people a lot about plant-based burgers.43. what do we know about additives and preservatives in plant-based burgers?a. they are likely to cause poisoning.b. their use is

57、 within the normal range.c. some have not been used in hamburgers.d. they are used to ensure burgers taste good.8 44. what is the authors attitude towards plant-based burgers?a. supportive. b. neutral. c. disapproving.45. which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?d. doubtful.a.b.c.d.i: introductionp: pointsp: sub-point (次要點)c: conclusion第二節(jié)（共 5 小題；每小題 2 分，共 10 分