運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)課件：1運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)概況

1、1 Locomotor Bones - Osteology Joints or articulations - Arthrology Skeletal muscles - Myology 2 bones joints muscles motive force skeleton framework movement protection storage of minerals formation of blood cells Introduction 3 Classification of bone Bones are classified according to their position

2、 and shape. 按部位分為顱骨、軀干骨和附肢骨按部位分為顱骨、軀干骨和附肢骨 skull bones of trunk appendicular skeleton Bones in adult are 206 in number. Osteology axial bones 4 按形態(tài)分為四類按形態(tài)分為四類 長(zhǎng)骨長(zhǎng)骨long bone 短骨短骨short bone 扁骨扁骨flat bone 不規(guī)則骨不規(guī)則骨irregular bone 5 shaft epiphyses Epiphysial lines Long bone (found in limbs): Shape: tubul

3、ar Action: levers 骨干骨干Diaphysis or shaft 骨髓腔骨髓腔medullary cavity 骨髓骨髓bone marrow Two extremities骺骺epiphysis, 關(guān)節(jié)面關(guān)節(jié)面 articular surface 骺軟骨骺軟骨epiphysial cartilage 骺線骺線epiphysial line 6 Short bone: cuboidal in shape, e.g. carpal bones Action-bear weight 7 In the flat bones of the skull, the layers of co

4、mpact bone are called the outer plate(外板外板) and inner plate(內(nèi)板內(nèi)板), while the layer of spongy bone is called the diplo(板障板障). Flat bone Include: 肋肋ribs, 胸骨胸骨sternum, 肩胛肩胛 骨骨scapula, 部分顱骨部分顱骨bones of skull Action: protection 8 Irregular bone 椎骨椎骨vertebrae, 部分顱骨部分顱骨some cranial bones, 髖骨髖骨hip bones 籽骨籽

5、骨Sesamoid bone: develop within tendon 9 Structures of bone Bone substance 骨密質(zhì)骨密質(zhì)compact bone 骨松質(zhì)骨松質(zhì)spongy bone:骨小梁骨小梁trabeculae Periosteum and endosteum Bone marrow: Red marrow Yellow marrow 10 11 Chemical composition and physical properties Organic materials Inorganic salts Organic materials Inorga

6、nic salts Children11 Adult 37 Old 14 physical properties softer deformed fracture 12 Arthrology The bones are connected together by means of fibrous connective tissue, cartilaginous or osseous tissues at different parts of their surfaces, and such a connection are called joint or articulation. 13 Cl

7、assification There are two main types of articulations or joint. 直接連結(jié)直接連結(jié)Continuous joints 纖維連結(jié)纖維連結(jié)Fibrous joints 韌帶韌帶Syndesmosis 逢逢Suture 軟骨連結(jié)軟骨連結(jié)Cartilaginous joints 透明軟骨結(jié)合透明軟骨結(jié)合 纖維軟骨結(jié)合纖維軟骨結(jié)合 骨性結(jié)合骨性結(jié)合Synosteosis 間接連結(jié)間接連結(jié)Discontinuous joints 滑膜關(guān)節(jié)滑膜關(guān)節(jié)synovial joints 14 （一）纖維連結(jié)（一）纖維連結(jié)Fibrous Joints 1

8、. 韌帶連結(jié)韌帶連結(jié)Syndesmosis 2. 縫縫Suture 一、直接連結(jié)一、直接連結(jié) 15 （二）軟骨連結(jié)（二）軟骨連結(jié)cartilaginous joints 1. 透明軟骨結(jié)合透明軟骨結(jié)合Synchondrosis ：第一胸肋軟骨結(jié)合：第一胸肋軟骨結(jié)合 2. 纖維軟骨結(jié)合纖維軟骨結(jié)合Symphysis：椎間盤(pán)：椎間盤(pán) （三）骨性結(jié)合（三）骨性結(jié)合Synostosis 16 二、間接連結(jié)二、間接連結(jié)滑膜關(guān)節(jié)滑膜關(guān)節(jié) Synovial Joint 1. 關(guān)節(jié)面關(guān)節(jié)面Articular Surfaces 關(guān)節(jié)頭關(guān)節(jié)頭 關(guān)節(jié)窩關(guān)節(jié)窩 2. 關(guān)節(jié)囊關(guān)節(jié)囊Articular Capsule 纖

9、維膜纖維膜 滑膜滑膜 3. 關(guān)節(jié)腔關(guān)節(jié)腔Articular Cavity 關(guān)節(jié)軟骨關(guān)節(jié)軟骨 Aticular cartilage （一）基本結(jié)構(gòu)（一）基本結(jié)構(gòu) 17 （二）輔助結(jié)構(gòu)（二）輔助結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 韌帶韌帶Ligament 囊內(nèi)韌帶囊內(nèi)韌帶 囊外韌帶囊外韌帶 2.關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)軟骨關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)軟骨 (1) 關(guān)節(jié)盤(pán)關(guān)節(jié)盤(pán)Articular Disc (2) 關(guān)節(jié)唇關(guān)節(jié)唇Articular Labrum 囊外韌帶囊外韌帶 囊內(nèi)韌帶囊內(nèi)韌帶 3.滑膜襞和滑膜囊滑膜襞和滑膜囊 關(guān)節(jié)盤(pán)關(guān)節(jié)盤(pán) 18 1. 屈屈 Flexion和和 伸伸Extension:關(guān)節(jié)沿冠狀軸進(jìn)行的運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)沿冠狀軸進(jìn)行的運(yùn)動(dòng) 在足部屈稱為跖

10、屈在足部屈稱為跖屈plantar flex，伸稱為背屈，伸稱為背屈dorsal flex （三）滑膜關(guān)節(jié)的運(yùn)動(dòng)（三）滑膜關(guān)節(jié)的運(yùn)動(dòng) 19 矢狀軸矢狀軸 展展 2. 內(nèi)收內(nèi)收 Adduction和和 外展外展Abduction: 關(guān)節(jié)沿矢狀軸進(jìn)行的運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)沿矢狀軸進(jìn)行的運(yùn)動(dòng) 20 3. 旋內(nèi)旋內(nèi) Medial rotation和旋外和旋外Lateral rotation: 關(guān)節(jié)沿垂直軸進(jìn)行的運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)沿垂直軸進(jìn)行的運(yùn)動(dòng) 在前臂旋內(nèi)稱為旋前在前臂旋內(nèi)稱為旋前pronation，旋外稱為旋后，旋外稱為旋后supination 21 4. 環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)Circumduction 22 Myology

11、 23 move skeleton stabilize joints produce heat facial expression protection 一、肌的功能一、肌的功能Function of muscle 24 二、肌的形態(tài)和構(gòu)造二、肌的形態(tài)和構(gòu)造 25 三、肌的起止三、肌的起止 、配布和作用、配布和作用 Origin insertion Position Action flexor extensor adduction abduction rotation 26 原動(dòng)肌原動(dòng)肌 拮抗肌拮抗肌 原動(dòng)肌原動(dòng)肌 拮抗肌拮抗肌 27 四、肌的命名四、肌的命名Nomenclature of m

12、ucles shape the number of head length location attachment pectoralis major deltoid 28 五、肌的輔助裝置五、肌的輔助裝置 （一）（一） 筋膜筋膜 Fascia 淺筋膜淺筋膜 深筋膜深筋膜 29 滑膜囊滑膜囊 臀大肌臀大肌 股骨股骨 （二）滑膜囊（二）滑膜囊 Synovial bursa 30 （三）腱鞘（三）腱鞘 Tendinous Sheath Fibrous layer Synovial layer 31 六、肌的發(fā)生六、肌的發(fā)生 軀干兩側(cè)的肌節(jié)軀干兩側(cè)的肌節(jié) 頭部的鰓弓間充質(zhì)頭部的鰓弓間充質(zhì) 軀干肌、四肢肌軀干肌、四肢肌 部分頭部肌部分頭部肌 頭頸部肌和斜方肌頭頸部肌和斜方肌 32 頭頸肌頭頸肌 上肢肌上肢肌 軀干肌軀干肌 下肢肌下肢肌 33 小小 結(jié)結(jié) 掌握：骨的分類；骨的構(gòu)造；滑膜關(guān)節(jié)的基本掌握：骨的分類；骨的構(gòu)造；滑膜關(guān)節(jié)的基本 結(jié)構(gòu)和輔助結(jié)