情態(tài)動詞用法比較表

1、情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，給謂語動詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說話人對有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認為其可能、應(yīng)該或必 要等。情態(tài)動詞后面加動詞原形。分類情態(tài)動詞有四類： 只做情態(tài)動詞： must,can(could),may(might) 可做情態(tài)動詞又可做實義動詞： need,dare,will 具有情態(tài)動詞特征： have(had,has) to,used to ， ought to ，had better 情態(tài)動詞表猜測：一肯一否三不定( must 一肯， must not 一否， can，could ，would 三不定。)注： mustnt 代表強烈禁止 must 表示主觀， hav

2、e to 表示客觀情態(tài)動詞詞義詞義解釋例句1may (might )能否、可否1) 表示請求和允許。 might 比 may語氣Can/ May I help you我能幫助你嗎更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時可用May I have your name 我能知道你的名字嗎cant 或 mustnt ，表示“不可以，禁He may be wrong , but I m not sure. 也許他錯了，但我止”。也不確定。用 May I. 征徇對方許可時比較正式和Might/ May I smoke in this room客氣，而用 Can I. 在口語中更常見。 No, you mustn

3、t.2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May/Might I take this book out of the room3) 表示推測、可能性(不用于疑問句) 。 Yes, you can.(No, you can t / mustn t. )might 不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比He may /might be very busy now.may小。Your mother may /might not know the truth.May you succeed! （祈使）2Will （ would）決心,希 望、愿望、 愿意用于疑問句表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱?或詢問 , would 為 w

4、ill 的過去式 , 用 would 比 will 更婉轉(zhuǎn) , 客氣。1） （ 表示單純的將來 ） 將He will be home at six.他六點回家。（將來時）2） （ 表示意志、意愿 ）愿, 要You will come, wont you你會來的 , 是不是3） （ 表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性 ）經(jīng)常,慣于, 總是 These things will happen.這種事總是要發(fā)生的。4） （ 表示猜測 ）可能, 大概This will be the house youre looking for. 這大概就是 你找的那所房子了。5） （ 表示責任、義務(wù) ） 必須 , 一定No one

5、will leave the examination room before ten oclock. 十點以前誰也不能離開考場。3can （could）可以、能、同意表示說話人能 , 可以, 同意,準許, 以及客 觀條件許可 ,could 為 can 的過去式。I can read this sentence in English.我能用英語讀這句話。We can be there on time tomorrow. 我們明天能按時去那兒。 表推測： He must/can/may,might know the answer to thisquestion. 他一定 / 可能 / 也許知道這個

6、問題的答案。4Shall應(yīng)當、允許1） shall 用于第一人稱，征求對方的意What shall we do this evening（should ）見。Shall we begin now 我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎2） shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示說話You shall fail if you dont work hard.（ 警告 ）人給對方的命令、 警告、允諾或威脅、 勸He shall have the book when I finish it.（允諾 ）告, 建議驚奇。It s seven oclock. Jack should/ought to be here at anysh

7、ould, ought to 表示“應(yīng)該”， oughtmoment. 現(xiàn)在七點鐘了，杰克理應(yīng)隨時到達。（推測）to 表示義務(wù)或責任，比 should 語氣重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of the baby.5Need需要,必須（多用于疑問句和否定句 ）需要, 必須 在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought1）情態(tài)動詞： （多用于疑問句和否定句 ）需要, 必須Need you go so soon 你需要這么早走嗎You neednt come so ea

8、rly.to, should 代替。 Need I finish the work todayneednt + have + 過去分詞 表示過去做 Yes, you must. / No, you needn t.了沒必要做的事情（真不應(yīng) ）2）實意動詞：需要，有 . 必要The garden needs watering.花園該澆水了。6ought to應(yīng)當, 應(yīng)該1） should, ought to表示“應(yīng)該”，Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret,butought to 表示義務(wù)或責任，比 should 語he me

9、ant no harm. （虛擬） 湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密，氣重。可是他并無惡意。2) 表 示勸 告、 建議和 命 令。 should, ought to 可通用，但在疑問句中常用 should 。You ought to have been here yesterday.你昨天就應(yīng)該來。You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room. 你不應(yīng)該把書帶出閱覽室。I should help her because she is in trouble.You ought to take care of the baby.Y

10、ou should / ought to go to class right away.Should I open the windowHe must be home by now. （ 斷定他已到家 ）He ought to/should be home by now.（不太肯定 ）This is where the oil must be.（ 直爽 ）This is where the oil ought to/should be.（ 含蓄 ）3) 表示推測should , ought to （ 客觀推測 ）, must（ 主觀推測)。ought to have done 句型。指過去動作

11、 ,表示一件事情該做而未做。ought not to have done句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。7must必須,應(yīng)表示說話人認為有必要做某事 , 命令 ,1)(表示必要、命令或強制 )必須, 得該 , 一定,要求別人做某事以及對事物的推測。You mustnt talk like that.你可不能這樣說話。準是,偏要1) 表示“必須”We must be home by six. 我們必須在六點以前回家。否定You must obey the school rules. 你必須遵守校規(guī)。式t此時可用于肯定句、 否定句或疑問句， 用 于否定句時， mustn t 的意思是“一定mus

12、tn2) ( 表示肯定的推測 ) 一定是 , 諒必 , 八成意為“一定不要”“不能”，而不表示“不必” 。This must be your room. 這一定是你的房間了不要”“不2) 表示推測He must be eighty now. 他現(xiàn)在八成有八十歲了。允許”意為“準是”“一定是”，通常只用于肯定3) 表示“偏偏”句。若用于否定句或疑問句， 則用 can 代有時 must 可表示某事發(fā)生得不早不遲， 就在某個當緊的時候，之多指某些不受歡迎的事情的發(fā)生。如：3) 表示“偏偏”The car must break down just we were starting our對于 must

13、 開頭的一般疑問句，若作否定holidays. 我們剛剛開始休假，汽車偏偏壞了?；卮穑梢杂?neednt ，不用 mustn t 。Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter.如：“ Must I clean all the rooms”“No,正當我忙碌的時候，鄰居偏偏過來聊天。you needn t. ”9have to不得不 , 必表示客觀條件只能如此 , 而 must 則表I know I must study hard.我知道我必須努力學(xué)習。須示主觀思想必須。My brother was very ill, so

14、 I had to call the doctor inthe mid-night. 我弟弟病得厲害， 我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。have to 的否have to 有時態(tài)三單數(shù)。如I haven t got any money with me, so I ll have to borrow定式 don t否定句some from my friend. 我身上沒帶錢，只好向朋友借點了。have to 意用doesnt/don t/didn t+have與 must 的區(qū)分：You must come in time.為“不必”to + 動詞原形在回答引出的問句時， 如果是否定的， 不能用 mus

15、tnt(禁止，(=needn t)must, have to 的區(qū)別不準)，而用 neednt, don t have to (不必) .1) 表示必須、必要。 Must we hand in our exercise books today2) must 是說話人的主觀看法， 而 have Yes, you must. No, you don t have to / youto 則強調(diào)客觀需要。neednt.Must 只有一般現(xiàn)在時(在從句中可有過 去時)， have to 有更多的時態(tài)形式。3) 表示推測、可能性(只用于肯定的陳 述句)he play isn t interesting,

16、I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age.Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now.8had better 同最好。1)He had better stay in bed tomorrow.他最好明天臥床had besthad休息。better2)You had better not say it again.你最好不要再提那件not 最好別事了。10would rat

17、her寧愿、寧可意為“寧愿”，表選擇。1)Would you rather work on a farm2) Wouldnt you rather stay here No,I would not. Id rather go there.11used to過去常常used to do 表示過去常常做某事，而現(xiàn)I used to write poetry when I was young我年輕時常常usednt在往往不做了寫詩。to 過去不used to 與 would 的用法比較Do you play golf No, but I used to.“你打高爾夫球(1) 兩者都表示過去的習慣，

18、當表示過去嗎”“不打，但我過去打。常習慣性的動作時，可互換。如：You used to go there, usedn t didnt you 你過去常When we were children we would used到那兒去，是嗎t(yī)o go skating every winter.我們小Where did you use to live 你過去是住哪兒的時候，每年冬天都去溜冰。(2) 若表示過去持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，通常只用 used to ，不用 would。如：He usedn t didn t use to come.他過去不常來。He used to like you.他原來還是喜歡你的

19、。（3） 若要強調(diào)過去與現(xiàn)在的對比， 也通常 只用 used to 。如：I dont smoke these days, but I used to. 我現(xiàn)在不抽煙，但我以前是抽的。I used to drive to work but now I cycle. 過去我常駕車上班，但我現(xiàn)在騎 自行車。12dare敢; 竟敢dare 作情態(tài)動詞用時 , 常用于疑問句、情態(tài)動詞 1）敢 ; 竟敢否定句和條件從句中 , * 過去式形式為How dare you ask me such a question 題你怎敢問我這樣的問dared 。My younger sister dare not go

20、 out alone.我妹妹不敢單除用作情態(tài)動詞外 , 更多的是當實義動詞獨出去。使用, 用法同實義動詞一樣 , 要考慮人If we dared not go there that day，we couldn t get the稱,單復(fù)數(shù), 時態(tài)等。beautiful flowers. 如果那天我們沒敢去那兒，那么我們不能 得到鮮花。及物動詞 2）敢; 膽敢He did not dare to leave his car there.他不敢把車停放在那里。模擬試題】（答題時間： 30 分鐘）單項選擇：t very sure yet.1. John_ come to see us tonight

21、, but he isnA. may B. can2. They _ do well in the exam.A. can be able toB. be able toC. has to D. mustC. can able toD. are able to No, you_3. May I take this book outA. can tB. may notC. needn tD. aren t4. You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever.A. can B. must5. Can you speak Japa

22、nese No, IA. mustn t B. can tC. dare D. wouldC. needn tD. may not6. He_ be in the classroom, I think. No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A. can; may notB. must; may not7. Shall I get one more cake for you, DadA. may not B. must not8. Even the top students in our class canA.

23、 mayB. must9. He isn t at school. I think he _ be ill.A. canB. shall10. _ I take this oneA. MayB. Will11. The children_ play football on the roadA. can tB. canC. may; can t D. may; mustn t Thanks, but you_, I ve had enough.C. can tD. needn t t work out this problem, so it _be very difficult.C. canD.

24、 needC. mustD. has toC. AreD. DoC. mustn tD. must12. You _ be late for school again next time.A. mustn tB. needn tC. don t have toD. don t need to13. Must I do my homework at once No, youA. needn tB. mustn tC. can D. may not14. His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor.A. has not toB. don t ha

25、ve toC. havent toD. doesnt have to15. He had to give up the plan,heA. didB. didn tC. doesD. doesn16. They had to walk here,theyA. mustn tB. didC. didnD. hadn17. He had better stay here,heA. didn tB. don tC. hadnD. isn 18. You d better_ late next time.A. not to beB. not beC. won t beD. dont be19. You d betteryour haironce a month.A. had; cutB. had; cuttedC. have; cutD. have; cutted20. You_ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way.A. had better not toB. had not betterC. had betterD. had better not21. Shall we go and visit the