外文翻譯=矩形繞線機(jī)的張力控制=2300字符

1、中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯系別：工程技術(shù)系專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化姓名：王晶軒學(xué) 號(hào)： 052083212011 年 12 月 28 日外文資料翻譯譯文矩形繞線機(jī)的張力控制摘要本文介紹的是設(shè)計(jì)張力控制系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試， 盡量減小張力的變化，其中包括流體動(dòng)力占 用肌肉手臂，流體蓄電池肌肉。首先，確定該模型和現(xiàn)有張緊系統(tǒng)。之后，在模擬上進(jìn)行 理論的分析。仿真結(jié)果表明，電線由于速度的變化產(chǎn)生的長(zhǎng)度變化的導(dǎo)致循環(huán)緊張波動(dòng)。 該模型的張力傳感器驗(yàn)證了預(yù)測(cè)。成功設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵是消除張力的變化。我們建議增加一項(xiàng) 線平機(jī)，其中包括一個(gè)蓄電池和拉緊裝置， 取代傳統(tǒng)的氣缸與流體供電肌肉累加器。 仿

2、真 結(jié)果表明，新的原型系統(tǒng)幾乎增加了一倍的繞線速度和承受的張力波動(dòng)的能力。關(guān)鍵詞：張力控制： 繞線機(jī)： 矩形線圈。一. 引言每年在澳大利亞要制造數(shù)以千計(jì)的變壓器， 連同電廠、變電站和電力線路，配電變壓 器為全國(guó)的商業(yè)及住宅提供電能。變壓器制造涉及繞組線圈生產(chǎn)。這些線圈通常由一對(duì)銅 線在匝數(shù)之間夾上的絕緣紙層制成。它們通常是圓形或長(zhǎng)方形。在線圈繞組上必須保持一致的張力。線圈的形狀對(duì)所采用的由拉緊產(chǎn)生的張力產(chǎn)生重 大影響。對(duì)于一個(gè)圓形線圈的張力不會(huì)變化顯著， 但矩形線圈則不同。作為一個(gè)矩形線圈， 在送絲線圈上加快速度，減速的線圈會(huì)纏繞在機(jī)軸上。如圖1所示，這個(gè)速度的變化是由 不斷變化的線的長(zhǎng)度導(dǎo)致

3、。在圓線圈的情況下這不會(huì)有問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樵诰€圈上導(dǎo)線的接觸點(diǎn) 是固定的。濮轉(zhuǎn)簡(jiǎn)管圖1:速度的變化導(dǎo)致繞組上線長(zhǎng)度變化在機(jī)器上的導(dǎo)線和不同的主軸負(fù)荷緊張的結(jié)果各不相同， 導(dǎo)致過(guò)度的力的變化和機(jī)械振動(dòng)。這反過(guò)來(lái)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致變化中的線圈電線交叉。當(dāng)這些問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)，糾正起來(lái)時(shí)很費(fèi)時(shí)間的。此外，工廠的產(chǎn)能線圈，在工廠的生產(chǎn)能力線圈是在工廠的總體能力的制約因素， 因此任何對(duì)線圈的輸出中斷都會(huì)影響到全廠。當(dāng)今市場(chǎng)上普通線材的張緊設(shè)置，是運(yùn)行在約5米/秒到30米/秒之間。我們通常的繞線速度超過(guò)10米/秒，公司的目標(biāo)是0.45毫米 至4毫米的線達(dá)到至少20米/秒的速度。本文進(jìn)一步考察了張力的波動(dòng)問(wèn)題，并且在高速的繞線矩

4、形線圈取得一致的張力關(guān)系。在下面的部分問(wèn)題的作了說(shuō)明，為現(xiàn)有的可用技術(shù)做了綜述。二. 背景如圖2所示，現(xiàn)有的卷繞系統(tǒng)使用感受到張緊墊，閥芯的電線被安裝到其住房垂直并 且該線是通過(guò)導(dǎo)絲、導(dǎo)輪，然后到繞線機(jī)。張力的控制室通過(guò)的固定或松開(kāi)鉗子來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。圖2:現(xiàn)有電線的安裝和張力的設(shè)置毛氈墊是最簡(jiǎn)單，最常用的線張力控制的方法之一。圖2照片顯示主要組成部分和工作原理。上面的配置使用克鉗套用擠壓力量的感覺(jué) 墊。該線是穿過(guò)感覺(jué)墊，因此應(yīng)用的感覺(jué)墊一些力也適用于電線。在操作中，運(yùn)動(dòng)線路遲 緩或張力的創(chuàng)建，對(duì)牙釉質(zhì)的感覺(jué)墊絲摩擦表面的摩擦。 機(jī)器操作線程的電線通過(guò)指導(dǎo)和 滑輪和調(diào)整鎖模力手動(dòng)和直觀地表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。其優(yōu)

5、點(diǎn)是：簡(jiǎn)單，隨時(shí)可用，便宜，適應(yīng)任何 運(yùn)行速度。缺點(diǎn)也是顯而易見(jiàn)的。 墊磨損很快，導(dǎo)致緊張局勢(shì)的損失，該作用力僅和一般 的速度無(wú)關(guān)，必須加強(qiáng)和更換頻繁，直觀的張力設(shè)置不允許良好的控制和沒(méi)有線軸形狀補(bǔ) 償。三. 模型識(shí)別導(dǎo)線從線軸穿過(guò)的張力裝置，通過(guò)機(jī)器，并上矩形線圈。該系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)化，如圖1所示的 只是一個(gè)固定的饋送點(diǎn)，那里的張力被應(yīng)用，旋轉(zhuǎn)矩形代表筒子或線圈。理想的運(yùn)行速度為1000轉(zhuǎn)。給出了一個(gè)線速10- 30米/秒取決于在一特定時(shí)刻線圈 的大小。圖3顯示了由筒子長(zhǎng)方形生產(chǎn)線速度的變化。線謹(jǐn)度變化aSO 130*S235C* c taSJ圖3:線速度的變化圖4顯示了線加速度的變化，這也可以通過(guò)該

6、行或圖形的速度衍生斜坡看到0.5h晝線加速度變化圖4:線加速度變化線路路徑長(zhǎng)度的變化，從固定的饋點(diǎn)到纏線點(diǎn)，如圖5所示一粗艮塊的泛化圖5:線長(zhǎng)度的變化四.原型系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)圖6中的系統(tǒng)集成了一個(gè)相對(duì)較新的氣動(dòng)裝置稱(chēng)為流體肌肉。流體肌肉由無(wú)紡布和柔性材料制造而成，在空氣壓力下運(yùn)作，在膨脹的壓力下向橫向和縱向擴(kuò)展。預(yù)置壓力決定的最高和最低的力量也將適用于特定的收縮。 肌肉非常類(lèi)似于傳統(tǒng)的氣缸,除了它有一個(gè)非?？焖俚姆磻?yīng)，并沒(méi)有什么不同高度動(dòng)態(tài)彈簧。它還行為緊張和不壓縮,可以適用于除傳統(tǒng)的氣缸相同直徑的10倍以上的力量。肌肉控制舞蹈手臂的動(dòng)作，并采取了釋放導(dǎo)線的力道。這種壓力設(shè)置適應(yīng)所需的電線一系列張力變

7、化。旋轉(zhuǎn)簡(jiǎn)管樞軸點(diǎn)闔電燃送點(diǎn)ill圖6:流體動(dòng)力舞蹈手臂肌肉圖7:流體動(dòng)力蓄電池肌肉肌肉的流體動(dòng)力蓄電池原型系統(tǒng)如圖7所示的氣缸使用的蓄電池，是與肌肉所取代， 操作大致是相同的。信號(hào)以mV顯示，張力范圍大概在75N到85N之間，用于測(cè)試的線直徑為1.5mm在 信號(hào)嘈雜的情況下，張力的變化可以清楚地觀察到。五.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及分析實(shí)驗(yàn)使用上述反應(yīng)構(gòu)建原型系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了觀察。流體技術(shù)舞蹈手臂肌肉：低速的手臂最初有反應(yīng)，但在時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)便急劇抽搐，如預(yù)期 的一樣不均勻地運(yùn)動(dòng)。導(dǎo)線似乎比沒(méi)有手臂肌肉震動(dòng)更劇烈。 第一層的繞組已經(jīng)從最初的 地方向內(nèi)約300毫米。在高速時(shí)手臂沒(méi)有回應(yīng)，只是均勻的立場(chǎng)振動(dòng)。流體肌肉蓄電池

8、技術(shù)：動(dòng)力蓄電池的肌肉試驗(yàn)得出了以下結(jié)果： 在低速累加器根本沒(méi) 有回應(yīng)。變壓力沒(méi)有顯著差異；在高速時(shí)累加器沒(méi)有回應(yīng)。由于沒(méi)有從蓄電池整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的 振動(dòng)響應(yīng)，使電線和增加穿越振動(dòng)。在用張力傳感器搜集數(shù)據(jù)之前，蓄電池如圖8所示。最大和最小張力分別約為62 N和 46 N。洩：荷累徘的X* 1包電衣紈水力去彳匕6弓123 斗 57 縣 O TO 111314151617SO 21圖8:沒(méi)有累加器的張力傳感器的輸出有累加器的1. 18曜來(lái)綣張力變化田3634135791113157192123252729樣品圖9:有累加器的張力傳感器的輸出張力傳感器在使用時(shí)收集的累加器數(shù)據(jù)如圖9所示。最高和最低張力分別

9、約為43 N和 37 No六.結(jié)論矩形線圈是配電變壓器的重要組成部分。由于線圈形狀，線圈的繞組線張力產(chǎn)生波動(dòng)。這些波動(dòng)導(dǎo)致電線破損，線圈尺寸不一致，多余的機(jī)器磨損，限制對(duì)卷繞速度和變壓器故 障。從我們現(xiàn)有張力系統(tǒng)的研究，雖然發(fā)現(xiàn)流體肌肉累加器是最合適的選擇， 但是不是非 常滿足我們的要求。由于目前的張力系統(tǒng)，不是一個(gè)合適的補(bǔ)償接口，決定向扁平絲機(jī)的 基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)和仿真。因此，平線中使用的氣瓶發(fā)生肌肉的機(jī)器成為可行性建議。新的繞線機(jī)將增加幾乎一倍當(dāng)前卷繞速度， 估計(jì)每臺(tái)機(jī)器每年可節(jié)省約59100美元。新的張力 系統(tǒng)，可以達(dá)到到500 N的恒張力，而不會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的熱量，從而克服了當(dāng)前摩擦的相關(guān)

10、問(wèn)題。外文原文Tension Con trol of a Win di ng Mach ine forRecta ngular CoilsABSTRACTAbstract-This paper in troduces the desig n and testi ng of tension con trol prototype systems to mini mise these tension variations, which includes a fluidic muscle powered take up arm, a fluidic muscle wire accumulator an

11、d felt pad. First the model and their limitati ons for exist ing tensioning systems are ide ntified. Then, they are theoretically an alysed in simulati ons. The simulatio n results show that the accelerati on and decelerati on of the wiredue to the changing wire path length causes a cyclic tension f

12、luctuation. An online tension sensor verified the predict ions of the model. The key for a successful desig n is to remove tension variati ons. We propose to add a wire flatte ning mach ine which in cludes an accumulator and tensioning device, and replace the conven ti onal pn eumatic cyli nder powe

13、ri ng the accumulator with a fluidic muscle. The simulati on shows that the new prototype system almost doubles the winding speed with a tolerable tension fluctuatio n.Keywords Tension control, : Winding Machine, :Rectangular Coil。I. INTRODUCTIONThousa nds of tran sformers are manu factured each yea

14、r in Australia. I n conj unction with power stati ons, substati ons, and power lin es, the distributi on tran sformers provide power to both commercial and reside ntial applicati ons right across the coun try. The manufacture of tran sformers in volves the product ion of windings or coils. These coi

15、ls are gen erally made up of a nu mber of turns of copper wire in betwee n layers of in sulati on paper. They are usually either round or recta ngular.During coil winding a con siste nt tension is required on the wire. The shape of the coil being wound has a sig ni fica nt impact on the quality of t

16、he tension applied by the tensioner. For a round coil the tension does not vary significantly during one revolution, but a rectangular coil causes the wire tension to fluctuate. As a recta ngular coil is being wound, the speed of the wire feedi ng onto the coil accelerates and decelerates as the coi

17、l tur ns on the winding mach ine shaft. This is show n in figure 1 below. This speed variati on is due to the con sta ntly cha nging wire path len gth. In the case of a round coil this is not a problem because the point of con tact of the wire on the coil is fixed.Rotating BobbinFigure 1: Accelerati

18、on due to changing wire path length during windingThe varying tension results in the loading on the machine traverse and main shaft to vary, leading to excessive forces and machine vibrations. This in turn can cause wire cross overs and variations in the coil. When these problems occur, it is a time

19、 consuming task to remedy .In additi on, the coil product ion capacity of the plant is the limiting factor in the plant s overall capacity, so any interruptions to the output of coilslimits the whole factory. Common wire tensioning devices on the market today, only operate at around 5 m/s for heavy

20、wire gauges and up to 30 m/s for very fine wire. Our regularly winds in excess of 10 m/s and is aiming to achieve at least 20 m/s for the en tire wire range of 0.45 mm to 4 mm.This paper further in vestigates the tension fluctuati on problem and to achieve a con siste nt wire tension while winding a

21、 recta ngular coil at high speed. In the follow ing secti on issues of the winding processes are described, and the available tech niq ues for tensing are reviewed.II. BACKGROUNDThe existi ng winding system show n in figure 2 uses felt pads for tensioning. The spool ofwire to bewound is moun ted int

22、o its hous ing vertically and the wire is fed up through the wire guide and felt pads, over the guide pulley and then to the winding machine. The tension is varied by tightening or loosening the large g-clamp.Figure 2: Existing wire mounting and tension setupFelt pads are one of the simplest and mos

23、t com monly usedwire tensioning methods.The photo in figure 2 shows the main components and principle of operation. The configuration shown above uses a g-clamp to apply a squeez ing force to the felt pads. The wire is passed through the felt pads and hence some of the force applied to the felt pads

24、 is also applied to the wire. In operation, the wire travels through these felt pads and the retardation or tension force is created by the friction of the surface of theen amel coated wire rubb ing on the felt pads. The mach ine operator threads the wire through the guides and pulleys and adjusts t

25、he clamping force manually and intuitively. The advantages are: simple and readily available; in expe nsive; adaptive to any operati ng speed. The disadva ntages are also obvious. The Pads wear out quickly leadi ng to loss of tension, the applied force is only gen erally in depe ndent of speed, n ee

26、d to be tightened and replaced frequently, intuitive tension setting does not allow good quality control and no compe nsati on for bobb in shape.III. MODEL IDENTIFICATIONThe wire travels from the spool through the tensioning device, over the mach ine traverse, and onto the rectangular coil. The syst

27、em was simplified as shown in figure 1 to just be a fixed feed point, where the tension is applied, and a rotati ng recta ngle represe nting the bobb in or coil.The desired operati ng speed is 1000 RPM. This gives a wire speed of 10 - 30 m/s depe nding on the coil size at a particular instant in tim

28、e. Figuer3 shows the variation of the wire velocity produced by the recta ngular shape of the bobb in.Figure 3: The wire velocity variationFigure 4 shows the variation of the wire acceleration, which can also be seen by the slope of the line or derivative of the velocity graph.Figure 4: The wire acc

29、eleration variation*The wire path length variation, from the fixed feed point to the wind on point, is shown in figure 5 below.Figure 5: The wire length variationIV. PROTOTYPE SYSTEM DESIGNThe system in figure 6 in corporates a relatively new pn eumatic device called a fluidic muscle. The muscle is

30、made of a woven, flexible material and operates under air pressure. Under pressure it expands laterally and con tracts Ion gitudi nally. A preset pressure determ ines the maximum and minimum forces it will apply for a specific contraction. The muscle is very similar to a conventional pneumatic cylin

31、der, except it has a very fast response and is highly dynamic, not unlike a spring. It also acts in tension and not compression, and can apply 10 times more force than a conventional pneumatic cylinder of the same diameter. The muscle con trols a dancing arm which moves to take up and release the sl

32、ack in the wire. This pressure is set to accommodate the range of wire tensions required.aFtcrt art En-rvi tiFigure 6: Fluidic muscle powered dancing armFigure 7: Fluidic muscle powered accumulatorThe fluidic muscle powered accumulator prototype system is shown in figure 7, where the pneumatic cylin

33、der used in the accumulator is replaced with a muscle, otherwise the operation is the same as outlined previously.While the signal was noisy, the tension variations can be clearly observed. The signal shown is in mV, which tran slates into a tension range of approximately 74 N to 83 N for the 1.5 mm

34、 wire used in the test.V EXPERIMENT RESULT AND ANALYSISThe tests were carried out to observe the resp onse using the above con structed prototype system.Fluidic Muscle Powered Dancing Arm: At low speed the arm responded initially but operated in long sharp jerks, not smooth side to side movements as

35、 expected. The wire appeared to vibrate more with the dancing arm, than without. At the end of winding one layer the resting position of the arm moved from its in itial positi on in ward approximately 300 mm. At high speed the arm did not resp ond, but just vibrated about a mean positi on.Fluidic Mu

36、scle Powered Accumulator: The trial of a large muscle powered accumulator gave the following results:At low speed the accumulator did not appear to resp ond at all. Varying the pressure made no sig ni fica nt differe nee, other tha n pull the wire through the felt pads. At high speed the accumulator

37、 did not resp ond. With no resp onse from the accumulator the whole system vibrated, mak ing the wire and traverse vibrations in crease.The tension sen sor data collected before the accumulator was used is show n in figure 8. The maximum and minimum tension is approximately 62 N and 46 N respectivel

38、y.T ension Variation for 1.1B mm Wire With outAccumulator6560RE.1234567 fi 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21Samplo1Figure 8: Plot of tension sensor output without the accumulatorThe tension sen sor data collected whe n using the accumulator is show n in figure 9. The maximum and minimum tension is approximately 43 N and 37 N respectively.Figure 9: Plot of tension sensor output with the accumulator去-百s示一VI. CONCLUSIONSRectangular coils are important part of distribution transformers. W