非謂語動詞?？贾R用法必背

1、非謂語動詞?？贾R點用法必背一、作賓語（一） 以下動詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語 afford to do（付得起）， agree to do（同意）， decide to do（決定）， determine to do（決心）， expect to do（期待）， fail to do（未履行）， help (to )do（幫助）， hope to do（希望），learn to do（學會）， manage to do（設法）， offer to do（主動提出）， plan to do（計劃），pretend to do（假裝）， promise to do（答應）， refuse to d

2、o（拒絕）， seem to do（覺得好像），want to do（想要）， wish to do（希望） happen to do舉例：1.The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。 2. I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。3. He managed to pass the driving test. 他設法通過了駕駛考試。4. My father promised to buy me a new bike. 我爸爸答應給我買

3、一輛新單車。5. He cant afford to buy an expensive car. 他買不起昂貴的小車。6. We decide to study hard from now on. 我們決定從現(xiàn)在起努力學習。（二） 以下動詞后，只能跟動名詞作賓語avoid doing(避免) ， consider doing（考慮做） ， enjoy doing（樂于做）， keep doing（繼續(xù)做）finish doing（完成）， suggest doing（建議做）， dislike doing（不喜歡）， escape doing（逃脫） cannot help doing（禁不住

4、） ，imagine doing（想象） ，mind doing（介意） ， miss doing（錯過），practise doing（練習）， appreciate 感激，欣賞舉例：1. You can hardly avoid meeting her if you both work in the same office.如果你們兩人在同一個辦公室做事，你幾乎免不了要遇見她。2We are considering going shopping this afternoon.我們正考慮下午去購物。3. I enjoy reading in the library at weekend. 我

5、喜歡周末在圖書館看書。4. The little girl escaped being injured in the accident. 這個小女孩沒有在這次事故中受傷。5. We often practice speaking English in the morning. 我們經(jīng)常在早上練習說英語。6I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 我很感激兩年前能有出國學習的機會.（三）以下動詞后，既可跟動名詞又可跟不定式作賓語，但意義不同stop to do 停下、去做另一件事 m

6、ean to do計劃/打算做某事 try to do 盡力做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 mean doing 意味著 try doing 嘗試做某事 regret to do 遺憾沒有/要去做某事 go on to do 接著去做某事 forget to do忘記去做某事regret doing 后悔做了某事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做某事 forget doing 忘記曾做過某事remember to do記得要去做某事 remember doing記得曾做過某事（四）作介詞賓語：devote to(doing) sth 獻身于， object to (doing) sth

7、.反對 ， pay attention to注意get down to開始著手做， lead to導致, look forward to(doing ) sth.盼望stick to堅持， be used to ( doing) sth習慣于等 give up doing 放棄feel like doing想要做某事 keep on doing 繼續(xù) insist on（doing）堅持 e.g.1. I am looking forward to seeing you again.2. The little boy feels like being taken outside.3. My g

8、randfather is used to getting up early in the morning.4. He has devoted his whole life to teaching.（五）以下動詞后，既可跟動名詞又可跟不定式作賓語，但意義沒有大區(qū)別begin to do begin doing start to do start doing開始做 continue to do continue doing繼續(xù)做like to do like doing二、作賓語補足語（一）動詞不定式做賓補advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做 persuade sb. to d

9、o sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth.說服某人做 expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做 would like sb. to do sth. / want sb. to do sth.想要某人做allow sb. to do sth. = permit sb. to do sth允許某人做. forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做encourage sb. to do sth鼓勵某人做. prefer sb. to do sth.寧愿某人做 tell/ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做 remind sb. to do

10、 sth.提醒某人做 get sb. to do sth.讓某人做 force sb. to do sth.強迫某人做 help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做 1. My mother often reminds me to study hard.2. The teacher got us to do some reading practice after class.3. The workers were forced to work day and night.4. We encourage him to have a try once again.5. My classm

11、ates advise me to read English aloud every morning.6. Children are forbidden to play near the bank.7. My grandmother persuaded him to give up smoking.My grandmother persuaded him into giving up smoking.（二）主語+感官動詞（see/ watch/ hear/ notice/ feel）+賓語+ do 動作全過程：做了某事 使役動詞（have/ make / let /keep / find ）

12、doing 動作正在進行 I felt the floor move. done 表被動: 某人/事被、 I watched the glasses on the table fall off onto the ground. We heard someone singing outside the classroom. They saw him playing basketball on the play ground. I saw a thief caught by the police just now. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long

13、. He couldnt make himself heard in such a noisy room. We found a horse tied to a big tree.（三）with+賓語+ to do 表將來， 表未做的動作 doing 表主動 done 表完成、被動With lots of homework to do, we will be very busy today.有很多作業(yè)要做，今天我們會很忙。With lots of homework done, we are not very busy today.很多作業(yè)已完成了，今天我們不是很忙。With the teach

14、er helping us, we finished the homework easily .有老師的幫助，我們很容易就完成了作業(yè)。三、作定語和表語（主要區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）常見的詞有：interesting有趣的 exciting令人激動的 delighting令人高興的 interested 感興趣的 excited感到激動的 delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的 puzzling令人費解的disappointed感到失望的 encouraged 感到鼓舞的 pleased 感到愉快的 puz

15、zled感到費解的satisfying令人滿意的 surprising 令人吃驚的 worrying令人擔心的 satisfied 感到滿意的 surprised感到吃驚的 worried 感到擔心的 We are satisfied with the satisfying answer.I am very interested in the interesting story.The parents were worried about their worrying son.They were surprised at the surprising news.The teacher was

16、disappointed to know the disappointing result.四、其它常用結(jié)構: (1) prevent sb./sth.（from）doing sth. 阻止某人做/阻止某事發(fā)生=stop sb. (from )doing sth. 阻止某人做/阻止某事發(fā)生= keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做/阻止某事發(fā)生keep sb./sth.doing sth. 讓某人一直在做某事 catch sb. doing sth. 抓住某人正在做某事spend(in) doing sth.花.做某事 waste.doing sth.浪費.做某事have

17、 difficulty / trouble (in ) doing sth. 在做.方面有困難have no choice but to do sth.別無選擇,只能. do nothing/anything but do 除不能1. The heavy rain prevented us (from) going out last night.昨天晚上大雨阻止我們出去.The heavy rain stopped us(from )going out last night.The heavy rain kept us from going out last night. 2The boss

18、kept the workers working from morning to night.3. I spent two hours (in) finishing my homework this evening. 今天晚上我花了兩個小時完成我的作業(yè).4. He wasted a lot of time and money playing computer games.他浪費了大量的時間和金錢玩電腦游戲.5. They have some difficulty (in) communicating with others.他們在和別人交流方面有困難.6. We have no choice

19、but to put off the meeting because of the bad weather. 因為糟糕的天氣我們別無選擇，只能把會議延期。7. You can do nothing now but wait for the reply.你現(xiàn)在什么都不能做，只能等回復。8The teacher caught that student cheating in the exam. 老師抓住那個學生正在考試作弊。(2) It is / was brave/ careless/ kind/ nice/honest/polite/rude/ wrong of sb. to do sth.1

20、. It is very kind of you to say so.2. It is rude of you to quarrel with the teacher.3. It was honest of him to admit what he had done.4. It was wrong of you to play computer games yesterday.(3) It is /was important/necessary/ impossible/ possible for sb. to do sth. 1It is important for us to learn E

21、nglish well. 2. It is necessary for them to turn to the teachers for advice. 3. It is possible for you to improve your pronunciation if you practice more.(4) It takes /took sb. some timeto do sth. 某人花.做某事 It will take us two hours to finish our homework. It took them three days to repair the buildin

22、g.(5) It is no good/ use /need doing sth. 做.沒有好處/用/必要 It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is no need making an excuse for this.(6) There is no need/ use/ good /harm/ hurry (in) doing sth.There is no need (in) buying so many things.There is no good drinking too much wine.(7) Honestly speaking, =

23、to be honest 老實說Generally speaking,一般來說，Strictly speaking, 嚴格地說Frankly speaking,坦率地說Judging from/ by由/根據(jù)、判斷Considering 考慮到、Considering everything, John is not so bad after all. Judging from his accent, he must be from America.Generally speaking, students are forbidden to go into the computer room.(8

24、) need / want/ require + doing = need/ want/ require to be done The bicycle needs repairing. = The bicycle needs to be repaired.The flowers want watering. = The flowers want to be watered.(9) be worth doing = be worthy of being done =be worthy to be done = It is worthwhile to do/ doing sth.練習：一、 分詞作

25、定語和表語：練習：用所給動詞的適當形式填空，并總結(jié)歸納語法規(guī)則。1. Do you know the boy _standing_ (stand) at the gate?2. Have you read the book _written_ (write) by Lu Xun？3. The house _built_ (build) last year is our new library now.The house _to be build_ (build) next year will be our new library.The house _being built_ (build)

26、now will be our new library.4. The girl _reading_ (read) over there is my classmate.5. He is very _interested_ in the _interesting_ story. (interest)6. They were _disappointed_ to hear the _disappointing_ news. (disappoint)7. Alice read the letter with a _puzzled_ (puzzle) expression on her face.8.

27、The _excited_ (excite) student didnt know what to say.9. There was a worried look on the mothers face. She was worried about her worrying son.(worry)用法及?？贾R點歸納：動詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語和表語的區(qū)別： （1）從時態(tài)和語態(tài)上區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在分詞：表 進行 、 主動 過去分詞：表 完成 、 被動 （2）單個分詞作定語，一般放在所修飾的名詞 前面 作 前置 定語；分詞短語作定語，一般放在所修飾的名詞 后面 ，作 后置 定語，意義相當于一個定語從

28、句并可與之相轉(zhuǎn)換； （3）一些與感覺有關的及物動詞，如：exciting, excited; worrying, worried等作定語和表語時，其現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞均已形容詞化，但它們的含義不同：現(xiàn)在分詞：令人、的，表主語所具有的特征，多用來修飾 物 ，即：表語：sth +be +v-ing 或 定語：v-ing + sth.過去分詞: 人感到、，表主語所處的狀態(tài)，多用來指： 人 以及和人有關的，如：人的表情(v-ed + expression)，人的嗓音(v-ed +voice)等二、 非謂語動詞（分詞和不定式）作賓語補足語：練習：用所給動詞的適當形式填空，并總結(jié)歸納語法規(guī)則。1. I s

29、aw an old man _knocked_ (knock) down by a car.2. I saw a car _knocking_ (knock) down an old man.3. I found the dog _following_ (follow) a man.4. I found the dog _followed_(follow) by a man.5. Listen! I heard her _singing_ (sing) next door.6. I heard her _sing_(sing) next door just now.7. I heard the

30、 song _sung_ (sing) by her next door.8. With a lot of problems _to solve_(solve), the manager will have a busy day.9. With a lot of problems _solved_(solve), the manager feels relaxed now.10. With the workers _solving_ (solve) a lot of problems for him, the manager feels very relaxed. 用法及?？贾R點歸納：(分詞

31、和不定式）作賓語補足語（1） 非謂語動詞在“感官類動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”這一結(jié)構中作賓語補足語，有如下含義： do : 聽見/看見某人做了某事 表動作的全過程 hear/see/ watch/ notice/ feel + sb. /sth. + doing: 聽見/看見某人正在做某事. 表主動,進行 done: 聽見/看見某人/某事被. 表被動, 完成 （2） 非謂語動詞在“with +賓語+賓語補足語” 這一結(jié)構中作賓語補足語，有如下含義： to do: 表將要做/ 未做的動作 With + sb. / sth. + doing: 表主動進行_ done: 表被動,完成 (3 ) 非謂語

32、動詞在“使役類動詞+賓語+賓語補足” 這一結(jié)構中作賓語補足語的用法： do . to dohave sb./sth doing get + sb. /sth. + done done doing do find / keep sb./sth. doing make sb. /sth. done done 三、非謂語動詞作狀語：練習：用所給動詞的適當形式填空，并總結(jié)歸納語法規(guī)則。1. _Seen_ (see) from the tower, the city looks beautiful.2. _Seeing_ (see) from the tower, we find the people

33、on the ground look like small ants.3. She walked out of the house, _followed_by her little daughter. (follow)4. She walked out of the house, _following_ her little daughter. (follow)5. Hearing (hear) the good news ,we jumped with joy.6. He arrived at the station hurriedly, only _to find_(find) the t

34、rain had left.7. The soldiers went to battle field, never _to return_ (return) again. 8. The glass fell to the ground, _broken_ (break) to pieces.9. Judging (judge) from the expression on his face, he had failed the driving test again10. Generally speaking (speak) ,girls are more careful than boys .

35、 用法及常考知識點歸納：非謂語動詞作狀語（1）非謂語動詞作狀語可表： 原因,條件,時間,讓步,方式, （2）分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語一致。（3）區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的 主動關系 過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的被動關系 （4）部分由“be+ 過去分詞+介詞 ”屬于系表結(jié)構，作狀語時不表示“被動關系”，其前不用be，直接用過去分詞表主語所處的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：be lost in（陷入某種狀態(tài)）、be seated（坐著的）、be absorbed in （沉溺于）、 be born

36、 in（出身于）、be dressed in（穿著）、be tired of（厭煩了）,be faced with （面臨著）, be known as/ for（因、而出名）等。(5) 目的狀語一般用： 不定式 ；（6）不定式與分詞作結(jié)果狀語時的區(qū)別： to do: 一般放在only, never后，表示： 意料不到的,意外的結(jié)果 v-ing: 主動，表示：_自然而然的結(jié)果或能意料得到的結(jié)果_ v-ed: 被動，四、綜合練習1._ Lost （lose）in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.2.Strictly_spea

37、king_ (speak), When _taken_(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.3. With a lot of difficult problems_to settle_ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.4. Cleaning women in big cities usually get_paid_ (pay) by the hour.5. I meant to buy an evening paper

38、, but I didnt see anyone _selling_(sell) them.6. Just now I saw a man_walking_ (walk) in the street, with a little girl _seated_(seat) on his shoulder 7. The thief was caught_stealing_ (steal) goods in the supermarket again 8. _Judging_ ( judge )from the expression on his face, he had failed the dri

39、ving test again9. _Not knowing_ (not know) his telephone number, she lost touch with him.10. With the test _finished_(finish), we began to analyze the result.11.The car was held up by the snowstorm, thus _causing_ (cause) the delay. 12.The glass fell to the ground, _broken_ (break) to pieces.13. _Dr

40、essed_ (dress) in a white shirt, the girl looks beautiful.14. When faced (face) with danger, we should keep calm.15. The curtain _hanging_ (hang) on the window over there looks beautiful.16. The _lost_ (lose) child was found at last.The _missing_ (miss) child was found at last.17. I found many villa

41、gers _seated_ (seat) at the back of the classroom. I found many villagers _sitting_ (sit) at the back of the classroom.不規(guī)則動詞過去式過去分詞巧記表AAA型 過去式、過去分詞與原形一致原形 過去式 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 詞義cut cut cut cutting 切、割shut shut shut shutting 關、閉（門窗）put put put putting 放置let let let letting 讓set set set setting 設置hit hit hi

42、t hitting 撞擊hurt hurt hurt hurting 受傷；疼痛cost cost cost costing 值錢；花費read ri:d read red read red reading 讀；閱讀 AAB型 過去式與原形一致beat beat beaten beating 擊敗 ABA型 過去分詞與原形一致run ran run running 跑步；逃跑come came come coming 來become became become becoming 變得；成為 ABB型 過去式與過去分詞一致buy bought bought buying 買fight fough

43、t fought fighting 打架；打仗think thought thought thinking 想；認為seek sought sought seeking 尋找；探究bring brought brought bringing 帶來 catch caught caught catching 抓住；接住teach taught taught teaching 教；教書 lend lent lent lending 借出send sent sent sending 送；派遣spend spent spent spending 花費（時間、金錢）build built built building 建設；建立 feel felt felt feeling 感覺；摸起來leave left left leaving 離開keep kept kept k