做好高考英語完形填空的14種技巧

1、1. 跳讀首尾句實(shí)行預(yù)測(cè)一般來講，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳讀這兩句，便可判斷體裁，猜想它要講什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what，即四個(gè)W，那么就是記敘文，很可能就是一個(gè)故事，為了測(cè)試語篇的理解水平，出題者特別注意選材的趣味性，其結(jié)尾往往出人意料，耐人尋味；若首句是提出或解釋說明某事物，一般來說是說明文；若首句提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，那么就是議論文。首句往往開宗明義，是文章的主題。細(xì)讀首句可啟示全文。而尾句又往往是對(duì)文章主題的總結(jié)。所以，它們是了解文章大意的一個(gè)窗口，對(duì)我們理解全文有著重要的啟示作用。所以，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，尋找文章

2、的脈絡(luò)與線索。Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打擊樂器獨(dú)奏演員) in spite of her disability.本文主要講述的是蘇格蘭第一位女打擊樂器獨(dú)奏演員Evelyn Glennie在耳聾的情況下成功學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂器的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)首句給出的信息，下面我們能夠猜想Evelyn Glennie學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂器過程必然充滿困難，而能夠在耳聾的情況下學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂器，Eve

3、lyn Glennie對(duì)音樂肯定也是充滿熱情的。2. 利用語法分析解題完形填空雖然以語境填空為主，但也有部分考查語法項(xiàng)目的題目。對(duì)于這類題，考生能夠利用平時(shí)所學(xué)的詞匯知識(shí)，分析單詞(組)的使用范圍、動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物，并利用句子結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點(diǎn)等知識(shí)全面衡量所有選項(xiàng)排除干擾。如：_51_do you suppose he asked for them?51. A. What B. How C. Who D. Which【解析】本題中，do you suppose為插入成分。he asked for them是一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立和完整的句子，所以空格處應(yīng)該用副詞How來修飾謂語動(dòng)詞asked，而不能用代

4、詞What, Who或 Which。_8_ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.8. A. Because B. While C. If D. Since【解析】根據(jù)后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知這僅僅個(gè)假設(shè)，是一個(gè)虛擬語氣的條件句。故前面要用if引導(dǎo)。3. 利用固定搭配解題完形填空題中對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)的考查，主要體現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣用法和同義詞、近義詞的辨析兩方面。習(xí)慣用法是英語中某種固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)，即所謂的“習(xí)語”，不能隨意改動(dòng)。所以，考生平時(shí)應(yīng)掌握好習(xí)慣用法。對(duì)詞義辨析

5、題的考查有增大力度的趨勢(shì)。要做好這類題，需要有較大的詞匯量和詞語搭配水平、詞語辨析水平，特別是在特定的語境中能靈活使用的水平。如：They couldnt read or write. They didnt like to work and they never 12 baths.12. A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered【解析】本題考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意為“洗澡”。I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he sa

6、id, “Youre never going to be 2 but a failure.”2. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing【解析】本題考查習(xí)語anything but，意為“決不”“根本不”，即校長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為我肯定是一個(gè)失敗的人。4. 利用固定句型解題完形填空雖然注重考查語境理解，但同時(shí)也會(huì)考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好這些句型，對(duì)確定題目的答案很有協(xié)助。如：I havent had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and its several days 19 I used

7、a phone box.19. A. as B. when C. if D. since【解析】本題考查的是itssince句型，意為“自從已(多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了)”。這句話的意思是“自從我上次打投幣電話已經(jīng)有好幾天了”。It wasnt long 18 the police caught the thief.18. A. after B. when C. before D. until【解析】It wasnt long before是常用句型，意為“不久就”。這里說的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了?！癢hy 14 you take a big man with you? You have to fight

8、 the sailor who is drunk.”14. A. dont B. couldnt C. cant D. do【解析】Why dont you do sth?是表示建議的固定句型，意為“為何不？”。5. 利用復(fù)現(xiàn)信息解題語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)的信息包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、上義詞和下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。語篇中有詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，如與語篇話題相關(guān)、意義相關(guān)的詞匯同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)，同義同現(xiàn)，修飾同現(xiàn)，因果同現(xiàn)等。因此，利用上下文尋找解題信息，確定正確答案。如：First of all, I respected his 3 to teaching. Because his

9、 lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom.3. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotion【解析】空格后面的句子說到教授的講座準(zhǔn)備充分、講解清楚（well-prepared and clearly delivered），由此可知教授為教育做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)，devotion to sth意為“對(duì)貢獻(xiàn)”，與下文相通。I put my head in, expecting the worst.

10、 But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new 44 , dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 【分析】名詞同現(xiàn)，空格前出現(xiàn)了room, furniture, curtains, a TV等同現(xiàn)信息可知坐在鋪好的床上的是“我”的室

11、友。6. 利用跳讀法解題一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中總有一些空是相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的。 對(duì)于這類空格考生可以先將其確定下來，之后再逐個(gè)去突破其他空。跳過那些不太容易得出答案的題。切忌做題時(shí)循規(guī)蹈矩地一個(gè)順著一個(gè)地去完成。如：“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He_1_ up and looked around. A short distance away, a group of_2_ stood quietly watching us. One of them _3_ walking toward us. We both jumped to

12、 our _4_ not knowing what to expect.1. A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put2. A. pilots B. natives C. editors D. assistants3. A. avoided B. delayed C. began D. desired4. A. boat B. car C. horses D. feet【解析】在通讀全文的第一遍中，我們可以很容易地將第四空填出來，這是固定搭配jump to ones feet (跳起來)；由此也可推出第三空的答案，因?yàn)橛腥碎_始向“我們”走了過來，所以“我們”才跳了起

13、來；再根據(jù)第一空前面的wide-awake可知，此處指的應(yīng)該是“我和Josh完全清醒，坐起來，環(huán)顧四周”，所以第一空的答案為A；最后，根據(jù)句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案為B。7. 巧用排除法解題在有些情況下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道題的答案，可以把排除法和詞匯、語法分析結(jié)合起來運(yùn)用，縮小選擇的范圍，提高正確率。如：The woman looked carefully at me _5_ through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low voice.5. A. as usual B. for a while C. in

14、a minute D. once again【解析】這篇文章講述的是沒有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的作者找到工作的故事。此題的解題關(guān)鍵詞是carefully，既然是“認(rèn)真地看”，就不會(huì)是in a minute (立刻、馬上)；既然互不相識(shí)，作者也未曾去找過工作，不會(huì)是as usual(像往常一樣)；前面沒說已經(jīng)打量過作者一次了，所以用once again(再一次)是不合理的。He put the books into the return box. And after a brief _6_ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to m

15、eet Eric.6. A. rest B. break C. walk D. stop【解析】此題答案為D。人不可能在廁所里休息（rest, break）或是散步（walk），由此排除另外三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。When I started playing _19_ him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous.19. A. at B. by C. for D. around【解析】此題用排除法，by 和around都有“在旁邊”的意思，要選都要選，故排除這兩個(gè)答案，play at后接游戲名，是“做游戲”的意思，也可排除。故答案為C。

16、8. 利用邏輯關(guān)系解題嘗試從邏輯關(guān)系的高度整體上把握，就會(huì)不無驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系才是征服完形填空的最佳途徑。所謂邏輯關(guān)系并不縹緲，它就隱藏在句子中、句與句之間以及段落的銜接中。通過邏輯關(guān)系的方法，我們可以通過確切、具體的線索，把答案的邏輯意義推測(cè)出來，從而在答案中尋找表現(xiàn)了相同邏輯意義的選項(xiàng)。這樣做，使得題目的難度大大降低。(1) 句中邏輯關(guān)系Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and_45_nitrogen. They are diff

17、erent in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.45. A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely【解析】短文中的usually和and是本題邏輯推理的線索。And前后構(gòu)成了并列關(guān)系，即and前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 這些維生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列關(guān)系，相應(yīng)修飾 carbon,

18、hydrogen, oxygen 的usually必然和修飾 nitrogen 的45空的詞構(gòu)成一一對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系。鑒于此，在45空考慮填入的應(yīng)是和usually相對(duì)應(yīng)的頻度副詞，而語義與usually略有不同。mostly 和partly都表示了部分、量的含義，與頻度無關(guān)。rarely(很少地，罕有地)雖表示了頻度關(guān)系，但其意義與usually相反，不符合一一對(duì)應(yīng)的一致性，因此排除。只有C項(xiàng)sometimes(不時(shí)，有時(shí))恰到好處地表示了and前后兩部分的邏輯對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C。(2) 句間邏輯關(guān)系在此，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)所謂邏輯關(guān)系并不抽象，它往往通過轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、遞進(jìn)、因果等明確的邏輯關(guān)系詞來體現(xiàn)。當(dāng)然，

19、句子的邏輯關(guān)系也不一定體現(xiàn)在一句話的內(nèi)部，它還可以滲透到篇章的層面上，在句與句之間表現(xiàn)出來。如：Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. _13_, she encourages them to get _14_ ways to do business.13. A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. While【解析】根據(jù)前后句子的意思可推出兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系是轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是“Old Mr Cleveland把工人用帶子捆綁起來(沒有任何自由)，而她不那樣，相反(instead)她鼓勵(lì)雇員”。There i

20、s a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, _1_ would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity.1. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. otherwise【解析】第一句講各科藝術(shù)間是分離的，但后文講的卻是它們之間有很大的關(guān)聯(lián)。however的意思是“然而”，表示

21、轉(zhuǎn)折，符合下文。故本題答案為however。(3) 段間邏輯關(guān)系這種邏輯關(guān)系主要體現(xiàn)在段落之間的銜接上。如：Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, _29_, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radi

22、cally changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.29. A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore【解析】這里有兩種情況，第一可能是第二段前后的邏輯體現(xiàn)；第二就是段落的前后銜接。但是，這個(gè)題出現(xiàn)在第二段的第一句，那么，從完形填空注重邏輯關(guān)系的命題思路來看，我們優(yōu)先考慮第二種情況。前段末句意為“不是每個(gè)人都能夠正確看待這個(gè)進(jìn)程”。而第二段首句為“大家普遍認(rèn)為”，顯然這兩者之間存在了邏輯意義上的相反，此處可能體現(xiàn)了一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

23、故選C。9. 巧用背景常識(shí)解題解答完形填空題時(shí)，有時(shí)文章中提供的信息還不夠，還需要把讀者頭腦中儲(chǔ)存的一般知識(shí)信息結(jié)合起來考慮，最后作出符合常識(shí)的最佳答案。因此，考生的知識(shí)范圍越廣，則對(duì)文章的理解會(huì)更容易，整體上知道所選短文在說什么，那么局部上的每一個(gè)空填起來也會(huì)得心應(yīng)手。因此解答完形填空題時(shí)，考生的英語語言知識(shí)和有關(guān)世界的知識(shí)，都發(fā)揮著重要的作用。當(dāng)對(duì)語言的把握不很準(zhǔn)確時(shí)，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常識(shí)，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，先找出并理解文章主題和主線，并根據(jù)主題猜測(cè)細(xì)節(jié)，注意從重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語中尋找、體會(huì)文章表達(dá)的氛圍。這樣將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，順利地沿作者的思

24、路閱讀下去。如：After _2_ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.2. A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying【解析】根據(jù)常識(shí)，南極地區(qū)冰雪覆蓋，須費(fèi)好大的勁將旗插進(jìn)極地，plant在這里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案為plant。Salina Joe began to _2_ when she was one-year old.2. A. say B

25、. cry C. sing D. talk【解析】根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，嬰兒在一歲的時(shí)候應(yīng)該是開始學(xué)說話，而不是學(xué)哭或?qū)W唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之間選出。又因?yàn)閟ay是及物動(dòng)詞，其后面需接賓語，而talk是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不需要接賓語，故正確答案為D。Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30A. check B.read C. keep D.sign【解析】外國(guó)人早上有讀報(bào)的習(xí)慣，題中的paper指的是報(bào)紙，這是理解本文細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵，有了這些文化背景知識(shí)，可迅速推斷出正確答案為B。Own

26、ing springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.37. A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild【解析】我們知道，沙漠以“干旱”著稱，有了這點(diǎn)常識(shí)，不難得出本題的答案為A。10. 利用對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)解題對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)常把兩種對(duì)立的事物或同一事物的兩個(gè)不同方面并列出來加以比較或?qū)Ρ取８呖纪晷翁羁疹}常常利用句子之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系或者同一個(gè)句子的不同部分之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系設(shè)計(jì)題目。如：A pupil who can do his homework

27、in a quiet and_59_room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable【分析】本題利用相似短語之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系來命題。設(shè)空部分與下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在對(duì)比關(guān)系。作者想借此說明“相同的作業(yè)”對(duì)于“不同家庭背景的學(xué)生”所表現(xiàn)

28、出的事實(shí)上的不公平。答案為C。If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather, _15_ he did, he would ask about their families or make _16_, always cutting his cloth _17_ his customers.15. A. and then B. and so C. even if D. but if【解析】本題考查了相似句型的對(duì)比關(guān)系?？崭裉幰畹牟糠峙c前部分if he did not know the

29、m形成對(duì)比，這句話的大意是說：如果店主認(rèn)識(shí)那些顧客了，就會(huì)詢問他們的家庭或是開些玩笑。11. 利用平行結(jié)構(gòu)解題平行結(jié)構(gòu)指的是結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似，意思密切關(guān)聯(lián)，語法一致的句子或詞組成串排列的語言現(xiàn)象。這些結(jié)構(gòu)的形式整齊勻稱，內(nèi)容聯(lián)系緊密。命題者常從平行結(jié)構(gòu)的句式相同或相似這一角度，利用其表現(xiàn)意義的關(guān)聯(lián)或?qū)Ρ冗@一特點(diǎn)來設(shè)空。高考完形填空短文常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣一些平行結(jié)構(gòu)，掌握這些結(jié)構(gòu)極為相似的句子可大大提高我們的解題效率。如：Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is_51_f

30、or children to work at home in their free time._52_, they argue that most teachers do not_53_ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.51. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant52. A. Nevertheless B. however C. Therefore D. Moreover53. A. considerably B. favorably C. proper

31、ly D. pleasantly【解析】排比結(jié)構(gòu)由Many people think that.They say that.they argue that.所組成。在意義上表現(xiàn)了人們（學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)）對(duì)學(xué)生課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)過重的抱怨。該結(jié)構(gòu)中所設(shè)置的三個(gè)空格的正確填入，要求考生首先把握結(jié)構(gòu)所體現(xiàn)的“主題” 抱怨作業(yè)太多。其次，要求考生理解三句之間在表達(dá)意義上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。即：作業(yè)過多“too much homework”；所以，課余學(xué)生在家做作業(yè)是沒必要的“unnecessary”；不僅如此，教師對(duì)作業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)也不合適“not properly”。故答案分別為A、D、C。Companies with low a

32、ccident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them _42_ and active.42. A. alive B. vivid C. mobile D. diverse【解析】因空格處與and后面的active是平行的，所以答案為與active意思相近的alive。12. 利用暗示和對(duì)應(yīng)解題完形填空題中雖然也穿插了對(duì)語法、短語和詞的辨析、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的考查等，但對(duì)文章故事情節(jié)發(fā)展線索的邏輯考查仍是重點(diǎn)。暗示與上下對(duì)應(yīng)的思維方法，是突破此類完形填

33、空最關(guān)鍵的思維方式。考生在做題時(shí)要有全局觀念，進(jìn)行連貫性思維，做題時(shí)要把每個(gè)空白處的含義與前后句的意思聯(lián)系起來理解，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。難選之處前后通常多有暗示，這種暗示多為后面暗示前面。如：.he would join student groups to discuss a variety of _47_: agriculture, diving and mathematics.47. A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents【解析】此題后面的冒號(hào)部分有提示：agriculture，diving and mathematics是他們談

34、話討論的話題，由此可得出本題的答案為B。Everybody moved quickly in order to _6_ the seats they wanted. I was _7_ to get a seat near the tail, but6. A. fetch B. hold C. keep D. get【解析】本題的答案可由后面的get a seat得出。13. 根據(jù)文章的感情色彩解題考生在第一遍通讀時(shí)，應(yīng)在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基礎(chǔ)上，著重尋找反映語境褒貶性的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子，這些標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子往往對(duì)文章的語境褒貶性起著決定性的作用。如：When Ed first ph

35、oned and _37_(suggested) we play, I 1aughed quietly, figuring on an _38_(easy) victory. After all, Eds idea of _ 39_ (exercise) has always been nothing more _40_(effort-making) than lifting a fork to his mouth. _41_(As long as) I can remember, Eds been the least physically fit member in the family,

36、and _42_(strangely) proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. 【解析】讀這一部分，我們明顯看到作者是看不清Ed的，用詞有l(wèi)aughed, victory, nothing more than, least fit, strangely, big stomach等。在這樣的描述下，人們就會(huì)很容易地想到， “我”與Ed比賽，那簡(jiǎn)直易如反掌(an easy victory)，在“我”眼中他那么差，然而他卻以自己為自豪，我們?cè)趺磿?huì)覺得不奇怪

37、(strangely)呢？因此從對(duì)人物反面的描述，我們得出這些答案就不難了。I was so surprised that I was _47_(speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. _48_(As a result), at the point in our game when Id have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was _49_(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 (leading)